Name: SYMINGTON SRENEVASAN A/L SIVABALAN

Matrics Num: S2031798/1

KIA 4004 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING TEST

Highway Construction and Land Public Transportation Planning in Malaysia: A Trend Analysis

Previous Trend (11th Malaysian Plan - 2016-2020):

Highway Construction:
- Substantial growth in road infrastructure with a 68% increase in road length from
137,200 km in 2010 to an estimated 230,300 km in 2015.
- Focus on improving nationwide linkages for better connectivity, with particular attention
to rural road development.
- Implementation of the National Key Result Area (NKRA) program, resulting in the
construction of 4,500 km of rural roads.
- Emphasis on road maintenance programs, corrective maintenance, and safety
improvement measures.

Land Public Transportation:

- Development of a people-centric public transport system with a 40% public transport
modal share target for urban areas by 2030.
- Significant increase in urban rail ridership in Greater Kuala Lumpur / Klang Valley
(GKL/KV) by 31.7% from 2010 to 2014.
- Expansion of rail transport, including the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) Line
- 1 and electrified double-track railway from Padang Besar to Gemas.
- Implementation of the Stage Bus Services Transformation (SBST) Program to enhance
rural and urban connectivity.
- Integration efforts, including first-and-last-mile connectivity, pedestrian walkways, parking
facilities, and terminal hubs to improve overall public transport modal share.

Current Trend (12th Malaysian Plan - 2021-2025):

Highway Construction:
- Introduction of the National Transport Policy (NTP) to streamline transport initiatives for
effective resource utilization.
 - Formulation of the Highway Network Development Plan (HNDP) 2030 to guide road
development, focusing on seamless movement of people and goods.
- Emphasis on enhancing connectivity across regions through the construction of
highways like Central Spine Road, Kota Bharu-Kuala Krai, Lebuhraya Pantai Timur 3,
and Pan Borneo Highways in Sabah and Sarawak.
- Ongoing construction of highways in Greater Kuala Lumpur/Klang Valley (GKL/KV) to
ease congestion, scheduled for completion by 2021.
- Major rail projects, including Electrified Double Track Gemas-Johor Bahru and East
Coast Rail Link, aimed at reducing travel time and boosting economic activities.

Land Public Transportation:

- Focus on efficient and inclusive transport infrastructure and logistics services to support
economic growth.
- Integration of different modes of transport to increase efficiency, including a platform to
coordinate schedules and real-time data sharing.
- Continuous efforts to improve first-and-last-mile connectivity through increased feeder
bus frequency, route realignment, and integration with e-hailing services.
- Promotion of alternative transportation options in rural areas, such as a 'dial-a-ride
system,' to enhance connectivity and create job opportunities.
- Emphasis on micro-mobility and pedestrian lane enhancements in urban areas to
promote active mobility.

Views on the Trend:

The previous trend focused on extensive highway development and the establishment of a
people-centric public transport system, with notable achievements in urban rail ridership and
rural road connectivity. The current trend builds upon this foundation, emphasizing streamlined
transport initiatives, comprehensive highway planning, and enhanced connectivity across
regions. The integration of different transport modes and continuous efforts to improve
first-and-last-mile connectivity align with global trends towards sustainable and multimodal
transportation systems. The emphasis on micro-mobility and alternative community-based
transport options reflects a forward-looking approach to address evolving mobility needs.
Overall, the trend indicates a holistic strategy to boost economic growth, ensure seamless
connectivity, and improve the wellbeing of the Malaysian population.