GURUKUL HIGH SCHOOL ROLL NO:

CHAPTER 3: WINDS, STORMS AND CYCLONES

SOLUTION KEY
1. Chandigarh is unlikely to be affected by a cyclone because it is not near to the sea or an ocean.
2. Bina’s exhaust fan will expel the hot air more effectively because hot air rises up and her fan is at
greater height than Anita’s.
3. Some precautions are
 Put heavy stones on it.
 Screw it tight.
4. In the mid-night, the wind blows from land to sea. So, in the mid-night flag mounted on a flag post
near the sea coast flutters in the direction of sea.
5. In the afternoon, the wind blows from sea to land. As pressure on the land is less than the pressure
above sea, so the sea is on B side.
6. Factors like wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity contribute to the development of
cyclones.
7. As we know that smoke is the combination of hot airs and hot air becomes light weight with respect to
cold air. Thus, it always rises up.
8. It is because the winds would have blown in the North-South direction either from North to South or
from South to North. A change in direction is however caused by the rotation of the earth.
9. On cooling the air, contraction of air takes place. The air inside the bottle contracts due to low
temperature. Hence, the bottle collapses due to the outside pressure.
10. High speed wind passing over the umbrella creates low pressure above the umbrella with respect to
below of it. Therefore, the umbrella upturns.
11. These are formed over sea and are called water spouts. Tornado develops from thunderstorm and are
formed mostly on the land. These are violent and can reach the speeds of more than 500 km/h
destroying everything in their path. Most of the tornadoes are weak. When the warm air from the
earth’s surface rises up, it whirls around it and causes very high-speed winds. The funnel of tornado
sucks up everything at its base like dust, debris, cars, trees and even houses.
12. The technologies that include satellites and radars issue the information of expected storm in advance
in the form of cyclone warnings. It is issued in two stages, i.e. a cyclone alert or cyclone watch is
issued 48 h in advance of any expected storm and cyclone warning is issued 24 h in advance. The
message is broadcasted every hour or half hour when a cyclone is nearest the coast.
13. During summer, when the land gets warmed and temperature of land becomes higher than that of water
in ocean. The air above the land gets heated and rises. Therefore, the cold wind flows from the ocean
towards the land. These are monsoon winds which bring water and cause rain.
14. Due to uneven heating of land and ocean water
(a) In winter season the uneven heating of land and water generates winds from the North-West colder
land which carry little water. It brings small amount of rain in winter season.
(b) In summer season The uneven heating of land and ocean water generates wind from the South-West
direction. These winds carry lot of water from the Indian ocean.
15. (a) When Rohan blows air into the balloon, the balloon gets inflated due to the pressure exerted by air.
But Rohan observed that most of his balloons burst. The reason behind it was, he overfilled the air into
the balloon. The warm air gets expanded inside the balloon and exerted more and due to the more
pressure on the walls of the balloon, balloons burst.
(b) From the condition mentioned above, it can be concluded that air expands on heating.

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16. Pressure difference is created in the nature by the heat of the sun. When it falls on the earth surface, the
surface of the earth gets heated and air above it also gets warm and becomes light weight and moves
upward. Thus, the pressure difference is created.
17. (a) The permanent wind that blows towards the equator from North to South are called trade winds.
(b) The wind blowing towards 60° N and 60° S latitudes are called wester lies.
(c) The set of wind blowing from the cold polar regions towards 60° N and 60° S latitudes are called
polar winds.
18. Two methods to find out wind direction at a given place are:
i. Take some dry leaves and release it from height. The direction in which the leaves start flowing is
the direction of wind.
ii. Wind vane, or weathercock is an instrument for showing the direction of the wind can be used to
find out wind direction.
19. When train moves with high speed it creates region of low pressure. Therefore, the air pressure behind
the person becomes bigger than the air pressure between the person and the train. Due to this pressure
differences, the force acts on the person towards the train and push man towards the train. Thus,
people are advised not to stand near fast moving train.
20. As water is poured over the bottle, some steam in the bottle condenses into water, reducing the amount
of air inside. The pressure of air inside the bottle decreases than the pressure exerted by the air from
outside the bottle. As a result, the can gets compressed.
21. As warm air rises, air pressure at that place is reduced and the cooler air moves to that place. This
warm air goes out from the house mostly through ventilators. If a house does not have ventilators then
the warm cannot go out easily and circulation of air will not happen. Hence, I would not prefer a house
having windows but no ventilators.
22. I will help my neighbours in case cyclone approaches our village/town:
 By making them aware of cyclone forecast and warning service.
 By helping them to shift the essential household goods, domestic animals and vehicles, etc. to safer
places.
 By calling emergency services like police, fire brigade, and medical centres in case of need.
23. Crumple a small piece of paper into a ball of size smaller than the mouth of an empty bottle. Hold the
empty bottle on its side and place the paper ball just inside its mouth. Now try to blow on the ball to
force it into the bottle. When we blow into the mouth of the bottle the air near the mouth has higher
speed. This decreases the pressure there. The air pressure inside the bottle is higher than near the
mouth. The air inside the bottle pushes the ball out.

24. Take two balloons of approximately equal size. Put a little water into the balloons. Blow up both the
balloons and tie each one to a string. Hang the balloons 8–10 cm apart on a cycle spoke or a stick.
Blow in the space between the balloons. We will observe that the freely suspended balloons move
toward each other. The reason is, when high speed air moves through the gap in between the balloons,
the pressure of air falls in the gap. Thus, air at high pressure the sides of balloons forces them inward.

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25. Ans.
 Before the air in the balloon is heated, the molecules inside are creating as much pressure as the
molecules outside, meaning that the balloon stays at equilibrium and neither expands nor contracts.
When they get heated, however, the inside molecules start moving with more force. They create
more pressure, causing the balloon to expand outward until the pressure equalizes.
 When the inflated balloon is placed in cold water, the cold water lowers the overall temperature of
the air inside the balloon. The decrease in temperature causes the air molecules to move more
slowly, with less energy and air pressure reduces. Since the molecules have lower energies, their
collisions with the walls of the balloon are insufficient to keep the balloon inflated.
 Yes, this shows that air expands on heating.
 The overall temperature of the air inside the balloon decreases. The decrease in temperature causes
the air molecules to move more slowly, with less energy and air pressure reduces.
26. Low pressure created by storm may blow away the roof. To avoid this condition, it is not advisable to
shut all the doors and windows during a storm.
27. Two experiences that made us think that air exerts pressure are:
Experience 1: Fill up the tumbler with water up to the brim. Cover it with cardboard piece and turn the
glass upside down. Slowly remove your hand. We will observe that cardboard does not fall and water stays
in the glass. This happens as air pushes the cardboard up and prevents it from falling.
Experience 2: When we blow air into the balloon the pressure inside the balloon increases and the balloon
inflates to increase its surface area.
28. As during the afternoon, the land becomes hot which ultimately creates hot air above it and we know
that hot air rises up and there is low pressure created. Thus, winds from sea start blowing towards the
land and the clothes will be blown towards the house because sea breeze blowing towards the land.
29. Take two paper bags of same size and hang them in the inverted position at the two ends of metal or
wooden stick. Tie a piece of strong thread in the middle of the stick. Hold the stick by thread. Initially,
the wooden stick is perfectly horizontal showing that the two paper bags contain an equal mass of the
air. Now, put the burning candle below the open mouth of one side paper bag. We will see that after
sometime, the left side of wooden stick goes up showing that it has become lighter than the right side
and the balance is disturbed. The reason for this is that when a burning candle is placed below the one
side paper bag, the air above the candle flame gets heated. The hot air being lighter rises up and fills the
paper bag above it.
30. The importance of air pressure can be discussed as follows:
 It creates wind The difference in atmospheric pressure gives rise to the wind on the earth.
 It influences weather Air movement, i.e. downward or upward movement of air, caused due to
differences in pressure creates cloudy and clear sky, brings rain or fine weather.
 Weather forecasting The changes in air pressure give important clues for weather forecasting. The air
pressure is measured by an instrument called barometer.
31. When air moves gently (low speed), it is called a breeze while when it moves violently (high speed), it
is called a storm. When the pressure of air drops, it indicates the possibility of a storm. The swift

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movement of the falling water along with the rising warm air producing sound, lightning, heavy rain
and strong wind is called thunderstorm. It develops in hot and humid tropical areas like and is
accompanied by heavy rains or hail. Thunderstorms are produced by the dark clouds which form at
fairly low altitude in the atmosphere. In the tropical area, the air gets warmed up and makes it to rise,
whereas humidity provides the water vapour for the formation of cloud. Therefore, it can be said that to
occur a thunderstorm, it requires moisture, rapidly rising warm air and sea breeze or mountains.
32. During the early part of the last century, the people residing in coastal regions have less than a day for
the preparations or to evacuate their homes from an overcoming cyclone. We have satellites and radars
which can issue the cyclone watch or cyclone alert before 48 hrs (in advance) of any expected storm and
a cyclone warning is issued 24 hrs in advance. Therefore, the coastal residents have sufficient time to
prepare and evacuate their homes. The message related to cyclone is broadcasted over the radio every
hour or half hour when a cyclone is nearer the coast.
33.

34. Multiple Choice Questions

1. (d) On the ceiling
2.(d) (iv)
3.(c) In summer, near the equator the land becomes warm and the temperature of the air increases. This
causes the air from the ocean to blow towards the land. These are known as summer monsoon winds.
4.(a) Blowing of air decreases pressure over the opening of the straw
5.(c) reduced air pressure
6.(b) get pushed outside the room
35.
(a) Air pressure is the force exerted onto a surface by the weight of the air.
(b) Deflated tyres make moving the bicycle harder and also wear and tear of the tyres soon.
(c) The temperature is maximum in afternoon and the heat of the sun warm the air inside the tube, thus
rising its pressure to such an extent which caused the tyre to burst.

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