Basic Concepts

Vibration - is the periodic motion of a body or system of connected bodies displaced from a
position of equilibrium.

Elementary Parts of Vibrating Systems

1. Spring or Elasticity (k)
- A means for storing potential energy.
2. Mass or Inertia (m or J)
- A means for storing kinetic energy.
3. Damper (c)
- A means by which energy is gradually lost

Degrees of Freedom
- The minimum number of independent coordinates required to determine completely the
positions of all parts of a system at any instant time.

Single DOF Systems

1. Slider-Crank Mechanism
2. Spring-Mass System
3. Torsional System

Two DOF Systems

Three DOF Systems

Infinite DOF Systems

Discrete and Continuous Systems

Discrete/Lumped Parameter Systems

- Systems with a finite number of DOF.
Continuous/Distributed Systems
- Systems with an infinite number of DOF.

Free and Forced Vibration

Free Vibration
- Occurs when the motion is maintained by gravitational or elastic restoring forces.
Forced Vibration
- Is caused by an external periodic or intermittent force applied to the system.

Undamped and Damped Vibration

Undamped Vibration
- No energy is lost or dissipated in friction or other resistance during oscillation.
Damped Vibration
- Energy is lost or dissipated in friction or other resistance during oscillation.

Linear and Nonlinear Vibration

Linear Vibration
- All the basic components of a vibratory system.
- Spring, mass, damper
- Behaves linearly
Nonlinear Vibration
- Some of the basic components of a vibratory system.
- Spring, mass, damper
- Behaves nonlinearly
Deterministic and Random Vibration

Deterministic Vibration
- The value of magnitude or excitation (force or motion) acting on a vibratory system is
known at any given time.
Random Vibration
- The value of excitation at a given time cannot be predicted.