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What is Communication?
The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing or using
some other medium is called communication.
The word ‘communication’ comes from the Latin word commūnicāre,
meaning ‘to share’.
Parts of Communication
Communication has three important parts:
1. Transmitting—The sender transmits the message through one
medium or another.
2. Listening— The receiver listens or understands the message.
3. Feedback—The receiver conveys their understanding of the
message to the sender in the form of feedback to complete the
communication cycle.
Elements of Communication
The various elements of a communication cycle are:
1. Sender: the person beginning the communication.
2. Message: the information that the sender wants to convey.
3. Channel: the means by which the information is sent.
4. Receiver: the person to whom the message is sent.
5. Feedback: the receiver’s acknowledgement and response to the
message.
Elements of Communication
Methods of Communication
Method Description
This method can be used to communicate quickly with one or many individuals
E-mail
in various locations
There can be various other methods like social networks, message, phone
Other Methods
call for communication, newsletter, blog, etc
Interpersonal Communication This form of communication takes place between two individuals
This type of communication takes place when there are more than
people involved. Examples
Small Group Communication
1. Press conferences
2. Board meetings
Types of Feedback
Type of Feedback Examples
1. You keep forgetting to smile at the hotel guests when you talk to them.
Negative Feedback
2. You take really long to reply to e-mails! Are you always so busy?
Importance of Feedback
1. It validates effective listening
2. It motivates.
3. It boosts learning
4. It improves performance
7Cs of Effective Communication
All the methods of communication can only be effective if we follow the
basic principles of professional communication skills. These can be
abbreviated as 7 Cs
1. Clear : Be clear about what do you want to say.
2. Concise : Use simple and required words for communication.
3. Concrete : Use exact words and facts.
4. Correct : Use correct spelling and grammar.
5. Coherent : Words should make sense and relate to the main
topic.
6. Complete : Should include all the required information.
7. Courteous : Be respectful, friendly and honest.
Barriers to Effective Communication
Some common barriers to effective communication include:
1. Physical Barriers : Physical barrier is the environmental and natural
condition that act as a barrier in communication. Not able to see gestures,
posture can make communication less effective. For example,
text messages are often less effective than face-to-face communication.
2. Linguistic Barriers : The inability to communicate using a language is
known as language barrier to communication. It is the most common
communication barriers.
3. Interpersonal Barriers : Barriers to interpersonal communication occur
when the sender’s message is received differently from how it was intended.
Stage fear, lack of will to communicate can create interpersonal barriers to
communication.
4. Organisational Barriers Organisations are designed on the basis of formal
hierarchical structures which affect the free flow of communication in
organisations. for example Superior-subordinate relationships in a formal
organisational structure can be a barrier to free flow of communication.
5. Cultural Barriers : Cultural barriers is when people of different cultures are
unable to understand each other’s customs, resulting in facing
inconveniences and difficulties in communication.
Ways to overcome Barriers to Effective Communication
There are many ways to overcome barriers to effective communication,
some of them are listed below.
1. Use simple language
2. Do not form assumptions on culture, religion or geography
3. Try to communicate in person as much as possible
4. Use visuals
5. Take help of a translator to overcome differences in language
6. Be respectful of other’s opinions.
Writing Skills
Writing skills are part of verbal communication and include e-mails, letters,
notes, articles, SMS/chat,
blogs, etc. In all these forms of written communication, we use sentences to
express ourselves.
Basic Writing Skills
Basic Writing Skills are as follows
1. Sentence : A sentence is a group of words that communicates a complete
thought. A sentence must contain a subject and a verb. There are three
types of sentences.
A. Simple sentence : A simple sentence is one independent clause that has a
subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
Examples
• I am out of paper for the printer.
• Will you help me with the math homework?
B. Compound Sentence : A compound sentence allows us to share a lot of
information by combining two or more related thoughts into one sentence.
Example
I drove to the office, and then I walked to the cabin
C. Complex Sentence : A complex sentence is a sentence that combines one
independent clause with at least one
dependent clause.
Example
•Although Rohan had some doubts, he found the courses very useful.
•Computers have come a long way since they first came on the market.
NOTE : Sentences can also be categorised as Active Sentence and Passive
Sentence. Sentences where the subject does an action are known to be in
the Active voice, whereas sentences in which the subject receives an action
are known to be in the Passive voice.
Capitalisation : We know that all sentences begin with capital letters.
However, there are certain other points in a sentence where we should use
capital letters. ‘TINS’is a set of simple rules that help you capitalise words
correctly.
Capitalisation rules
Punctuation : Certain set of marks, such as full stop, comma, question mark,
exclamation mark and apostrophe are used in communication to separate
parts of a sentence for better clarity of message.
2. Phrases : Phrases are a group of words that work together to
communicate an element of speech.
3. Parts of a Sentence : Every sentence can be broken into two parts
a) Complete Subject
b) Complete Predicate
Basic Parts of Speech :
The part of speech indicates how a particular word functions in meaning as
well as grammatically within the sentence. Some examples are nouns,
pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.
Basic Parts of Speech
Article Writing :
Article writing is the process of creating a non-fiction text about current or
recent news, items of
general interest or specific topics.
Things we are curious about or would do even Enable us to perform a particular job or ta
if no one asked you to do it. with considerable proficiency.
Session 3: Self-motivation
Self-motivation is simply the force within us that drives us to do things.
Self-motivation is what pushes
us to achieve our goals, feel happy and improve our quality of life.
In other words, it is our ability to do the things that need to be done
without someone or something influencing us.
Types of Motivation
1. Internal Motivation: LOVE
We do things because they make us happy, healthy and feel good. For
example, when we perform in
our annual day function and we learn something new, such as dancing,
singing, etc., so we feel good.
2. External Motivation: REWARD
We do things because they give us respect, recognition and appreciation.
For example, Suresh participated
in a 100m race and won a prize. This motivated him to go for practice every
morning.
Qualities of Self-motivated People
1. They know what they want from life.
2. They are focussed.
3. They Know what is important
4. They are dedicated to fulfill their dreams
Building Self-motivation
There are four steps for building self-motivation
1. Find out your strengths
2. Set and focus on your goals
3. Develop a plan to achieve your goals
4. Stay loyal to your goals
Or
Right-click anywhere in the blank area of the right column. A shortcut menu
appears. Select New Folder from the shortcut menu. Type a name for the
folder & Press Enter key.
Creating a file : Steps to create new file are :
1. Right-click anywhere in the blank area .
2. In the Shortcut menu, click New and select the type of file you
want to create.
Renaming folders and files : Steps to rename file or folder are :
1. Right-click the file or the folder.
2. From the shortcut menu, select Rename option.
3. Type the new name or edit the existing name and press the
Enter key.
OR
1. Select the file/folder and press function key F2.
2. Type the new name or edit the existing name and press the
Enter key.
Deleting files or folders : Steps to delete files or folder are :
1. Click the file or the folder.
2. Press the Delete key from the keyboard.
Or
Right-click and select Delete option from the Shortcut menu.
Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Notes
Worksheet
Q1. Similar types of files can be placed into group called _______________.
Q2. Mention any one way in which you can create a new folder
Q3. To change the name of the folder, right-click and select __________ option
from the Shortcut menu.
Q4. How can you delete a folder?
Click for Answers of above Questions —————-Click for MCQ —————
- Click for More Questions
Copying Files and folders : You can copy a file or a folder in any
one of the following ways:
1) Shortcut menu: Steps are
a. Right-click the file or the folder you want to copy.
b. Select Copy option from the Shortcut menu.
c. Select the drive or the folder where you want to make a copy of the
selected file or folder.
d. Right-click and select Paste option from the Shortcut menu
2) Drag and Drop method: To copy a file or a folder, hold down the Ctrl key
while copying it to the new
location.
3) Using Keyboard:
a. Select the file or the folder.
b. Press Ctrl + C to copy the file or the folder.
c. Open the destination folder.
d. Press Ctrl + V to paste the copied file.
Moving Files and folders : You can move a file or a folder in any
one of the following ways
1) Shortcut menu:
a. Right-click the file or the folder you want to copy.
b. Select Cut option from the Shortcut menu.
c. Select the drive or the folder where you want to move the selected file or
folder.
d. Right-click and select Paste option from the Shortcut menu.
2) Drag and Drop method: To move a file or a folder, select the file and drag
it to a new location.
3) Using Keyboard:
a. Select the file or the folder.
b. Press Ctrl + X to cut the file or the folder.
c. Open the destination folder.
d. Press Ctrl + V to paste the copied file.
Permanently Deleting Files : You can permanently delete the
contents of the Recycle Bin in any one of the following ways:
1) Right-click the Recycle Bin icon and then
2) Click Empty Recycle Bin.
Restore Files/Folder from Recycle Bin
To recover a file from the Recycle Bin, right-click the file, and then click
Restore.
Or
Select the file and click Restore this item.
Cookies :
Cookies are small files which are stored on a user’s computer when you visit
a website on the internet. These files typically contain information about
your visit to the webpage or record your login information. This may not
always be bad.
For example, if you are exploring an online shopping website, most of the
online retailers use cookies to keep track of the items in a user’s shopping
cart, otherwise, your shopping cart would be reset to zero every time you
click on a new link on the website.
Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Notes