ALBOOKSAN TRANSPORTATION RENTAL APP

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The rapid advancement of technology and the evolving nature of urban living

have driven a revolutionary shift in the development of ALBOOKSAN Transportation

services. From its traditional beginnings, characterized by laborious documentation and

bureaucratic obstacles, the car rental industry has undergone a dramatic transformation.

In addition to streamlining procedures, the rise of cutting-edge apps and digital platforms

has ushered in a new period of user-centricity. The development of ALBOOKSAN

Transportation services has shifted focus to utilizing cutting-edge technologies like GPS

tracking, secure payment gateways, and real-time communication in response to the

demands of a fast-paced world.

Mobility is a fundamental element in the dynamic fabric of modern urban life,

influencing people's experiences on a daily basis as they navigate the hectic environment.

The need for transportation options that are not only practical but also flexible enough to

accommodate changing lifestyles is growing as urbanization keeps spreading. In response

to this paradigm shift, the "Development of a ALBOOKSAN Transportation App" was

created, acknowledging the shortcomings of conventional rental services due to laborious

procedures, restricted accessibility, and antiquated user interfaces.

The target of this capstone project is to close the gap between modern urban

living requirements and convenience. With the goal of revolutionizing the way people

access and use vehicles, the ALBOOKSAN Transportation App makes use of cutting-

edge technologies like GPS tracking, secure payment gateways, and real-time
communication. This study is set against the backdrop of the realization that

technological innovation is a force that is propelling services into a new era of efficiency,

accessibility, and user satisfaction in the modern world. This project is more than just a

technological development; it is a paradigm shift in the car rental industry that will

redefine convenience and efficiency in urban environments.

Project Context

Technological innovation serves as the driving force behind the ALBOOKSAN

Transportation App. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as GPS tracking, secure

payment gateways, and real-time communication, the app not only ensures secure and

efficient transactions but also positions itself as a leader in the evolution of mobility

solutions. This commitment to technological advancement not only enhances the

functionality of the app but also reflects our dedication to staying ahead in an ever-

changing technological landscape.

The modern world is characterized by its fast-paced nature, where mobility is a

cornerstone of daily life. As urbanization continues to rise, the need for flexible and

efficient transportation solutions has become more pronounced. Traditional modes of car

rental, while offering convenience, often face challenges such as time-consuming

processes, limited accessibility, and outdated technological interfaces.

In response to this evolving landscape, the "Development of a ALBOOKSAN

Transportation App," has emerged as an initiative to bridge the gap between convenience

and contemporary lifestyle demands. The project was conceived in recognition of the
transformative potential that a technologically advanced rental application could bring to

the way people access and utilize vehicular mobility.

One of the primary goals of this endeavor is to enhance accessibility. Recognizing

the presence of smartphones in today's society, the app seeks to empower users to

effortlessly rent vehicles with just a few taps on their mobile devices. The power of

mobile technology aims to democratize access to transportation, making it an inclusive

experience for users from all walks of life. This emphasis on accessibility is not only a

practical response to contemporary demands but also a step towards fostering a more

connected and efficient urban environment.

The processes are another key focus of the project. Traditional rental procedures

often involve time-consuming paperwork and administrative hurdles. Thus, this app

endeavors to streamline these processes through automation, allowing users to book, pick

up, and return vehicles with minimal hassle. The integration of user-friendly interfaces

and intuitive design principles ensures that the entire experience is not only efficient but

also enjoyable, redefining the expectations users have for rental services.

Understanding that individuals have diverse needs and preferences, the app is

crafted to cater to a wide range of users. Personalized profiles, real-time updates, and

features designed to anticipate user requirements contribute to an enhanced overall

experience. By placing the user at the forefront of the design process, we aim to create an

application that not only meets but exceeds the expectations of modern consumers,

setting a new standard for usability and customer satisfaction.

Purpose and Description

The capstone project aims to address the growing demands of urban mobility by

introducing a user-centered and technologically advanced platform. Its main goal is to

perform better than the limitations of conventional models. The platform prioritizes ease

of use by featuring an intuitive interface that enables consumers to conveniently reserve,

access, and return vehicles through their cellphones. This adaptation is crucial in meeting

the expectations of a busy metropolis where convenience and efficiency are of utmost

importance.

The ALBOOKSAN Transportation App's unique booking and reservation

capabilities allow users to adapt to their evolving lifestyles, facilitating impulsive

decisions. Additionally, the app integrates individual user profiles for a personalized

experience that fosters familiarity and ownership. By implementing efficient methods

like digital check-ins and check-outs, we enhance productivity by minimizing wait times

while also elevating the overall rental experience. Taken as a whole, these components

facilitate the transition from laborious, outdated methods to a more effective and user-

centric approach: they act as catalysts for change; indeed – their collective power directs

operations towards innovation.

Moreover, security takes precedence with the implementation of secure payment

gateways, instilling confidence in users regarding the safeguarding of their financial

transactions. The incorporation of GPS tracking and navigation not only enhances

security but also empowers users with real-time information, facilitating seamless

location and navigation to their selected vehicles. These advancements align with the

broader advantages offered by the ALBOOKSAN Transportation App, encompassing

time efficiency through streamlined processes, heightened accessibility, and a

personalized experience fostering brand loyalty and customer satisfaction.

Thus, this app positions itself as a leader in technological innovation, ensuring its

relevance in an ever-evolving landscape. This not only future-proofs the platform but also

positions it as a trailblazer in the ongoing evolution of mobility solutions. As the project

celebrates its one-year milestone, it reflects not only on the strides made but also on the

profound impact of reshaping how individuals engage with urban mobility. In conclusion,

it transcends being a mere technological advancement; it signifies a fundamental shift in

the paradigm of rental services, establishing new benchmarks for convenience,

efficiency, and user satisfaction in the contemporary urban milieu.

Objective of the Study

This project's main objective is to develop a sophisticated ALBOOKSAN

Transportation app that will revolutionize the industry by placing a premium on

functionality and user-centered design. The goal is to give users in a variety of urban

environments an effective, accessible, and safe mobility option. To improve efficiency,

specific goals include implementing digital check-ins and check-outs and real-time

booking; adding real-time availability and booking features for greater flexibility; and

enhancing the user experience overall by integrating GPS tracking, personalized user

profiles, and navigation features. The project aims to redefine ALBOOKSAN

Transportation services by using innovative technology to meet modern urban demands..

Scope and Limitations

The ALBOOKSAN Transportation application for province operations is

designed to make it easy for people in provincial areas to rent cars. It has different

features that help users reserve a car, manage their bookings, and choose the type of

vehicle they want. The app shows the prices for different cars and allows users to pay

securely. It also provides instructions for picking up and returning the car. If users have

any questions or problems, they can get help through customer support. Users can also

leave reviews and ratings to share their experiences with others.

However, certain limitations exist within the project's framework. The app may

not have a wide range of vehicle options available in every province. Some provinces

may have fewer cars to choose from, which could limit users' options. The availability of

the ALBOOKSAN Transportation service may be limited to certain provinces only.

Users in provinces where the service is not available will not be able to use the app.

The app may require users to have a smartphone with compatible operating

systems, such as iOS or Android. Users without smartphones or with older phone models

may not be able to access the app. The app heavily relies on internet connectivity to

function properly. Users in areas with poor or no internet access may face difficulties in

using the app effectively. Some ALBOOKSAN Transportation companies may have age

restrictions for renting vehicles. The app may not allow users who are below the legal

driving age in their province to make bookings. The app may only be available in certain
languages, which could limit its accessibility for users who are not fluent in English

languages.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter provides related literature on the project which is composed of

related studies both local and foreign as well as related literature vis-à-vis the

ALBOOKSAN Transportation application project.

Foreign Literature

THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO CAR RENTAL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS

The theoretical framework surrounding car rental management systems

encompasses various concepts that contribute to the understanding and improvement of

these systems. One fundamental aspect is the utilization of information technology in

streamlining rental processes. This involves the integration of databases and online

platforms to facilitate reservations, vehicle tracking, and customer communication.

Additionally, the concept of demand forecasting plays a crucial role in optimizing the

fleet management aspect of car rental systems. By analyzing historical data and current

trends, rental agencies can anticipate peak demand periods, ensuring an adequate supply
of vehicles and maximizing revenue. This requires the implementation of data analytics

and predictive modeling within the management system.

Furthermore, service quality and customer satisfaction theories are essential in

evaluating the effectiveness of car rental management systems. Providing a seamless and

efficient rental experience contributes to customer loyalty and positive word-of-mouth,

ultimately impacting the success of the business. The incorporation of customer feedback

mechanisms and continuous improvement strategies aligns with these theoretical

perspectives.

METHODOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO CAR RENTAL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS

Methodologies employed in the development and enhancement of car rental

management systems involve a combination of software engineering practices and

business process optimization. The adoption of Agile methodologies, for instance,

enables iterative development, allowing for flexibility in responding to changing

requirements and emerging technologies. Moreover, the integration of cloud computing

technologies enhances the scalability and accessibility of car rental management systems.

Cloud-based solutions facilitate real-time data synchronization, enabling seamless

operations across multiple branches and locations. This approach also contributes to cost-

effectiveness by reducing the need for extensive physical infrastructure. In terms of

security, the implementation of robust encryption protocols and authentication

mechanisms is crucial to safeguarding sensitive customer information and ensuring data

integrity. Methodologies that focus on cybersecurity and compliance with data protection

regulations are integral components of a reliable car rental management system.

TECHNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO CAR RENTAL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS

The technological landscape of car rental management systems is diverse and

rapidly evolving. Mobile applications have become indispensable tools for both rental

agencies and customers, allowing for convenient reservation processes, digital contracts,

and instant communication. Furthermore, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT)

devices in vehicles contributes to enhanced fleet management. IoT sensors can provide

real-time data on vehicle health, location, and usage patterns, enabling proactive

maintenance and optimizing overall operational efficiency.

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in car rental management systems is

noteworthy, particularly in automating decision-making processes such as pricing

strategies, vehicle allocation, and predictive maintenance. Machine learning algorithms

can analyze vast datasets to identify patterns and make data-driven recommendations,

contributing to improved business outcomes. In conclusion, the literature reviewed in this

chapter highlights the multifaceted nature of car rental management systems,

encompassing theoretical, methodological, and technological dimensions. Understanding

these contributions is essential for the development and continuous improvement of

effective and efficient systems in the dynamic and competitive car rental industry.

The First Online Car Rental System: Avis Wizard System

 A significant milestone in the history of car rental management systems is the

establishment of the Avis Wizard System. Avis Car Rental, a well-known brand in the

industry, pioneered the first online computerized car rental reservation system. This

system incorporated data processing and information management, allowing Avis to

efficiently handle a large volume of customer inquiries on a daily basis.

The Avis Wizard System's capabilities extended to real-time processing for various

stakeholders, including travel agents, airlines, corporate travel departments, and

individual consumers. Its integration with major travel distribution networks worldwide

marked a significant advancement in the accessibility and efficiency of car rental services

(Wikinvest.com, 2018).

The Weaknesses of Avis Wizard System

While the Avis Wizard System represented a leap forward in car rental

technology, it was not without its weaknesses. The system faced challenges in terms of its

user interface and design. Specifically, the front-end website required enhancements to

keep pace with industry standards. The user interface was criticized for being poorly

designed, lacking the sophistication expected of a modern system. Additionally, the

system had a language barrier, being designed in a single language, which limited its

accessibility to a broader audience. Recommendations included the implementation of a

multi-language interface to cater to a more diverse user base (Author's Name, Year).

Local Literature

Rental Solution: Easy Rent Pro

 Another notable contribution to the car rental management system landscape is

Easy Rent Pro, established in 2016. This company has been dedicated to developing cost-

effective software solutions tailored for vehicle rental operations on a global scale. Easy

Rent Pro's software is recognized as one of the most comprehensive solutions in the

industry, catering to various aspects of car rental management. The software developed

by Easy Rent Pro encompasses features and functionalities that address the complexities

of vehicle rental operations. As a solution provider, Easy Rent Pro has played a role in

advancing the technology used by car rental agencies worldwide, contributing to

increased efficiency and streamlined processes within the industry (Author's Name,

Year).

In summary, the review of publications related to the project highlights the

evolution of car rental management systems from the pioneering efforts of companies

like Avis to the contemporary solutions provided by companies like Easy Rent Pro.

Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of these systems is crucial for the

development of an effective and user-friendly car rental management system in the

present day.

CAR RENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WORKS

A car rental, hire car, or car hire agency is a company that rents automobiles for

short periods, generally ranging from a few hours to a few weeks. It is often organized

with numerous local branches which allow a user to return a vehicle to a different

location, and primarily located near airports or busy city areas and often complemented
by a website allowing online reservations. Renting a car assists people to get around even

when they do not have access to their vehicle or don't own a vehicle at all.

The individual who wants to rent a car must first contact the car rental company

for the desired vehicle done online. At this point, this person has to supply some

information such as; dates of rental, and type of car. After these details are worked out,

the individual renting the car must present a valid Identification card. Most companies

throughout the industry make a profit based on the type of cars that are rented. The rental

cars are categorized into the economy, compact, compact premium, premium, and luxury.

And customers are free to choose any car of their choice based on their purse and

availability of such a car at the time of reservation. Alongside the basic rental of a

vehicle, car rental agencies typically also offer extra products such as a global positioning

system (GPS), entertainment systems, and portable Wi-Fi and child safety seats.

The administrator or manager is the person who will manage the entire system.

He is allowed to reassigned cars to clients according to his priority; he can edit

information such as prices of cars, other available services, etc. This user will register to

be a member to use the online system of this online car rental management system. This

online system comes with reservation and booking for any car of their choice. Lessee is

the one who is the need of the car or the center of the car also the lessee entitles the right

of the usage of the car and at the same time, the leaser will offer him/her the features of

the car. They are simple security devices, that are a more advanced security system that

can be used to track down stolen vehicles. A luxury car is a marketing term for a vehicle

that provides luxury at an increased expense. It epitomizes quality, comfort and cutting-

edge technology to deliver the ultimate driving experience. Some popular local makes
include Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, and others. Members of this family sport

aerodynamic shapes and low profiles as they are dynamically inclined. A sports car is

designed with performance in mind primary considerations can include high horsepower

as well as superior handling and braking. Sport utility vehicles (SUVs) are vehicles

similar to station wagons or estate cars, but they usually feature raised ground clearance

and four-wheel drive for on or off-road capabilities.

Multi-purpose vehicles (MPVs), also known as minivans, are designed with

maximum interior volume in mind - typical MPVs can carry anywhere between six to

eight passengers. Larger and taller than sedans, hatchbacks, or station wagons, MPVs are

most useful for large families. A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct

power sources to move the vehicle. The most common type is the hybrid electric vehicle

(HEV), which combines an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors.

However, other mechanisms to capture and use energy are also included. 2|Page

REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS THAT ARE RELATED TO THE PROJECT

The first car reservation company started by Saunders witnessed exponential

growth following which many other businessmen started their car-reservation firms in

America. Though Saunders experienced bankruptcy during the economic collapse in

America, others who followed him continued to outlive their business opportunity.

Walter Jacobs and John Hertz were the ones who successfully continued their operation.

When the levels of growth started reaching extreme heights John Hertz could not sustain

entered into a venture with the automobile giant, General Mills. After this, America
witnessed the emergence of Warren Avis car reservation and National car reservation in

America (Gandhi, 2013). 2.3.1

The First Online Car Rental System: Avis Wizard System Avis Car Rental and its

subsidiaries operate one of the world's best-known car rental brands. Avis has a long

history of innovation in the car rental industry and is one of the world's top brands for

customer loyalty. Avis also created the first online computerized car rental reservation

system with data processing and information management system enables them to

process over one million incoming customer inquiries each day, as well as the ability to

place or modify reservations.

Additionally, the Wizard System is linked to all major travel distribution networks

worldwide and provides real-time processing for travel agents, travel industry partners

such as airlines, corporate travel departments and individual consumers through their

websites or calls to contact centers. (Wikinvest.com, 2018) 2.3.2 The Weakness of Avis

Wizard System The system lacks some few things which could help it function properly.

Here are some of the weaknesses outlined. They need to do a few enhancements to the

front-end website, to catch up to Rental cars. The user interface is poorly designed as

compared to how a modern system should be. It also has a language barrier thus it has

been designed using one language. I think the system should be designed with multi-

languages to be accessed by everybody from anywhere. 2.3.3 Car Rental Solution: Easy

Rent Pro Easy Rent Pro was established in 2016 and has since then been developing cost-

effective software solutions for vehicle rental operations worldwide. Easy Rent Pro is the

most complete car rental solution for the vehicle rental industry. They are committed to

bringing them the best rental vehicle software available today and in the future.
 Customers can connect to the Internet and reserve the vehicle of their choice on

their own online reservation site. This online rental car booking system gives the

customers an immediate view of availability, rates and instant booking confirmation.

2.3.4 Functionality of the Easy Rent Pro System It features sophisticated rate options,

fleet management functions to give a powerful online reservation system. The customer

then chooses the proper class of vehicle and checks the availability of the specific dates

he wants and automatically receives a confirmation number. The availability can be listed

by vehicle, class or rate. Travel agencies and other references can submit their customer's

reservations through the reservation central by simply entering their access code and

commission rates will be calculated automatically and cumulated on their monthly report.

This reservation system is available only in English (easyrentpro.com,2013).

SHORTFALLS OF THE SYSTEM VEHICLE MANAGEMENT

` Short Falls of the System Vehicle management is a problem when the vehicle tag

numbers are reuse since it uses the tags as the primary index key for vehicles so if you

want to use the same tag on a different vehicle you have to add a digit to the front or end

of the tag number otherwise it will overwrite the preexisting vehicle information. It also

has a language barrier thus, it has been designed using one language. The system should

be designed with multiple languages to be accessed by everyone. According to the

literature mentioned, online car rental system has been widely used to provide an instant

car confirmation service to the web site's visitors, hopefully turning them into bookers.

An Online Reservation System allows people to receive reservations 24 Hours a day,

therefore their car rental reservation services are always open. A lot of car rental
companies are now using the power of the Internet to make their businesses successful

because just like what Avis said their system enables them to process over one million

incoming customer inquiries each day, rental rates and vehicle availability, as well as the

ability to place or modify reservations.

.ONLINE VEHICLE RESERVATION AND RENTAL SYSTEM

The paradigm shift towards digitalization has been reshaping various industries,

and the vehicle rental sector is no exception. The advent of online reservation systems

has revolutionized the way customers interact with rental services. As highlighted by

[Author] (Year), the integration of technology in vehicle rental processes has

significantly improved efficiency and convenience. Online systems allow customers to

reserve and rent vehicles from any location, reducing the need for physical visits or

phone calls. This aligns with the current trend of prioritizing convenience in service

delivery.

The emphasis on providing a customer-centric approach in the vehicle rental

industry has gained attention in recent literature. According to [Author] (Year),

customers often express dissatisfaction with the traditional methods of renting vehicles,

citing time-consuming processes and potential errors. The implementation of an Online

Vehicle Reservation and Rental System, as proposed in this study, aims to address these

concerns. By offering a platform that enables customers to make reservations seamlessly,

the system contributes to a more satisfying rental experience.

The significance of automation in enhancing efficiency within the vehicle rental

process is underscored by several scholars. [Author] (Year) notes that automation reduces
the time and effort customers expend in reserving and renting vehicles. The proposed

system aligns with this perspective, aiming to streamline the entire rental workflow. By

automating reservation and rental transactions, the system not only caters to the

preferences of the modern customer but also contributes to operational efficiency for the

rental company.

The literature emphasizes the importance of real-time tracking and management

systems in optimizing vehicle rental operations. According to [Author] (Year), a

comprehensive tracking mechanism ensures accurate recording of reservations and

returns, minimizing errors in the process. The proposed system incorporates real-time

tracking features, providing rental companies with valuable data for analysis and strategic

decision-making. This aligns with the growing interest in leveraging technology for

efficient fleet management within the rental industry.

As organizations transition towards digital platforms, scholars have also

highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with this transformation. [Author]

(Year) identifies potential hurdles such as data security concerns and the need for robust

IT infrastructure. Simultaneously, the opportunities lie in gaining a competitive edge,

improving customer satisfaction, and adapting to evolving market trends. The proposed

Online Vehicle Reservation and Rental System must address these considerations to

ensure a smooth and secure digital transition.

The reviewed literature underscores the significance of modernizing vehicle rental

systems through the implementation of online reservation platforms. The proposed

system aligns with the evolving preferences of customers, offering a more convenient and

efficient rental experience. Insights from existing literature guide the development of a
system that addresses common challenges while capitalizing on the opportunities

presented by digital transformation in the vehicle rental industry. As this study

progresses, a deeper understanding of the implications and outcomes of the proposed

system will contribute to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of technology and

vehicle rental services.

Related Studies

Local

Car Rental Reservation System Modules

The Reservation Module is the backbone of any Car Rental Reservation System

(Car RRS). It facilitates the entire booking process, allowing customers to browse

available vehicles, choose the one that suits their needs, and make reservations for a

specified rental period. In a study by [Author] (Year), it was emphasized that an efficient

Reservation Module significantly improves the user experience, enabling customers to

plan and secure their desired vehicles seamlessly. The ability to view real-time vehicle

availability and choose pick-up and drop-off locations enhances the convenience for

users.

Upon completing the reservation, customers proceed to the Payment and Billing

Module. This module handles financial transactions securely, ensuring a smooth and

transparent payment process. [Author] (Year) notes that an integrated and user-friendly

payment system is crucial for customer satisfaction. The module should provide options

for upfront payments or payment at the rental location, catering to various customer
preferences. Automation in billing reduces errors and accelerates the overall rental

process.

The Customer Authentication and Documentation Module plays a vital role in

ensuring the legitimacy of the rental process. As highlighted by [Author] (Year), this

module securely captures and verifies customer identification documents, streamlining

the check-in process. Integrating this module into the Car RRS reduces manual errors

associated with customer identification, expedites the paperwork, and enhances the

security of the rental transaction.

Vehicle Information and Instruction Module: To optimize the customer's interaction with

the rented vehicle, the Vehicle Information and Instruction Module provides detailed

information about the chosen car. [Author] (Year) emphasizes that this module

contributes to customer satisfaction by offering insights into the vehicle's features and

functionalities. Additionally, it may include instructional videos or guides to familiarize

the driver with any unique aspects of the vehicle, improving overall customer experience.

The on-site interaction between the customer and the rental agent is facilitated by

the Check-In and Check-Out Module. This module assists the agent in verifying

reservation details, explaining lease terms, and providing any necessary instructions.

[Author] (Year) underscores the importance of a streamlined check-in/check-out process,

as it significantly impacts the customer's first and last impressions of the rental service.

Automation in these interactions reduces queuing times and enhances customer

satisfaction.
 The Maintenance and Inspection Module focuses on ensuring the safety and

quality of the rental vehicles. According to [Author] (Year), this module allows agents to

conduct thorough inspections for damages and mileage at the time of vehicle return.

Automation in this process aids in generating accurate reports, documenting damages,

and expediting maintenance procedures. This not only enhances operational efficiency

but also contributes to a transparent and accountable rental experience.

In conclusion, a comprehensive review of the Car Rental Reservation System

modules reveals their pivotal roles in automating and optimizing various aspects of the

rental process. From reservation to check-in, each module contributes to improving the

speed and quality of service. Insights from existing literature guide the understanding of

how these modules collectively enhance the overall customer experience and operational

efficiency of car rental services. As technology continues to evolve, further

advancements in these modules are anticipated, promising even greater convenience and

reliability for both customers and rental companies.

Car Rental Booking Engine: A Review

The integration of a booking engine with the inventory database is crucial for

real-time updates on vehicle availability. As highlighted by [Author] (Year), this

synchronization ensures that customers accessing the car rental website or app receive

accurate information on available cars, associated accessories, and corresponding quotes.

The efficiency of this integration significantly impacts the user experience, allowing

customers to make informed decisions during the reservation process.

 The Payment Operations module within the booking engine is integral to the

financial aspect of car rental services. [Author] (Year) emphasizes that seamless

integration with payment gateways, such as PayPal, Braintree, and Stripe, enhances the

convenience for customers in making online payments. The module not only accepts

payments but also generates electronic invoices, tracks pending payments, and calculates

the entire rental cost. This contributes to transparent financial transactions and enables

the generation of detailed financial reports for the rental company.

Efficient reservation processing is a key function of the booking engine. [Author]

(Year) notes that the engine seamlessly communicates with other modules, such as the

fleet management module, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) module, and

Task Management module. This ensures a coordinated workflow where reservation

details are transmitted for fleet allocation, customer information is stored in the CRM,

tasks are assigned for car preparation, and customers receive confirmation of their

reservations. This integration streamlines the internal processes, reducing manual errors

and enhancing the overall efficiency of the car rental service.

The adaptability of the booking engine to handle various distribution channels is

crucial in today's interconnected travel ecosystem. Third-party reservations from Global

Distribution Systems (GDSs), Online Travel Agencies (OTAs), and travel consolidators

are seamlessly managed by the booking engine. As discussed by [Author] (Year), the

engine calculates and assigns referral rates, ensuring fair compensation for external

channels. This integration enhances the reach of the car rental service, making it

accessible to a wider audience through different platforms.

 While the booking engine excels in online reservations, [Author] (Year)

recognizes the importance of flexibility for walk-in and telephone bookings. Car rental

agents play a crucial role in manually inputting these bookings into the system. This dual

approach, combining automated online reservations and manual inputs, caters to diverse

customer preferences and ensures that the booking system remains accessible to

customers who may prefer traditional booking methods.

In conclusion, the Car Rental Booking Engine serves as the linchpin of the

reservation system, orchestrating various functions seamlessly. The integration with the

inventory database, coupled with its ability to handle payment operations, streamline

reservation processing, and manage distribution channels, positions the booking engine as

a central hub for car rental companies. The dynamic nature of the engine, accommodating

both online and manual bookings, ensures adaptability to a diverse customer base. As

technology evolves, continuous advancements in booking engine capabilities are

expected, further enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of car rental reservation

systems.

Foreign

Fleet management

A fleet requires lots of tracking: from locating and distributing vehicles to customers to

monitoring car health, including the history of damage and repairs. We have a

comprehensive article on fleet management. Although more centered around the needs of

shipping companies, some modules and functions described there are more or less
relevant to car rental companies, particularly, asset tracking, fuel management,

and vehicle maintenance. Now, let’s talk about these and other fleet management features

from the car rental point of view.

The rental inventory of a car rental facility is less predictable than other travel-related

resources, such as airlines or hotels. So, it needs close monitoring which can be

accomplished via telematics. Installed in a car, a device collects and transmits vehicle

info such as location, mileage, fuel consumption, speed, and temperatures, using GPS and

onboard diagnostics. With telematics integrated into the car rental software, you can both

track your cars online or run a playback to check the routing details afterward.

Updating the car history, we keep track of all the maintenance tasks it has

undergone. Also, it helps secure the condition of the car before delivering it to the

customer so that you can easily perform the before-and-after inspection. Generating asset

condition reports with pictures and videos, the system minimizes damage disputes that

can occur.

The system can measure vehicle usage and distribute the load equally throughout the

fleet and avoid putting rundown assets on the road. In case of any car problems, it

automatically assigns another available vehicle for the approved reservation. At the same

time, monitoring the workload of each asset in the fleet, the system may set a reservation

limit if the number of bookings is about to exceed the number of idling cars. The fleet

chart helps with car distribution. It provides the full picture of the current car occupancy

and allows for assessing the availability of vehicles for the coming days and optimizing

the fleet accordingly. Besides the fleet itself, the system can graphically present the

availability of other equipment such as GPS, child seats, etc.

 When it comes to overbooking, there are two ways of thinking. Similar to

airlines and hotels, some rental car companies overbook to compensate for no-shows and

to offset drivers who return cars early. Others prefer to avoid overbookings because they

don’t want to end up in a situation where they can’t provide a car for a reservation. And

that all depends on how accurately you estimate future reservation requests. As a backup,

you can assign a vehicle of a different group if the booked one is already occupied. The

system will quickly make adjustments between locations, reservations, and contracts.

Always gathering statistics, the system generates up-to-date ad hoc reports.

Measuring the revenue from rentals against expenses, it can calculate the profit of the

entire fleet, as well as its specific category. By checking the number of cars occupied on a

day and their locations, you can develop statistics for future use.

Car rental agents’ task management

While managing the assets, car rental agents need to streamline their work behind

the counter. Car RRS brings tangible improvements to how agents perform their duties.

At some point, you can put your business on autopilot and the task management module

will automatically assign roles to each task at hand. Car rental agents manage their

errands in the software dashboards so they are well-informed on what’s on their to-do list

today and which tasks have more priority. They can also set time for each task, such as

serving a customer, inspecting a vehicle, completing paperwork, taking payments, etc.

 Planned vehicle return. Agents can check the cars due to arrive soon and

start the necessary preparations beforehand.

  Automatic reminders. The system gives automatic reminders for a

number of tasks like car service, oil change, annual vehicle tests such as

the Ministry of Transport (MOT) test in the UK, etc.

 Autofill. Scanning a driver's license, the system can automatically fill in

the client details in a customer form.

Customer Relationship Management in Car Rental Systems

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a critical component of the car

rental system, focusing on the management and enhancement of interactions between the

rental service and its customers. This related study explores the multifaceted role of CRM

within the car rental industry, shedding light on its functionalities, such as customer

history storage, notifications, and satisfaction campaigns.

In a study conducted by [Author] (Year), the implementation of CRM in car rental

systems is discussed as a means to store comprehensive customer histories and statistics.

The system not only records past rental transactions but also utilizes this data to send

timely and personalized notifications to customers. These notifications play a pivotal role

in keeping customers informed about the booking status, important details related to their

reservations (e.g., required documents, fees, and receipts), and any updates during the

rental process. The study emphasizes the importance of real-time communication

facilitated by CRM, contributing to a positive customer experience.

CRM in car rental systems serves as a valuable tool for conducting satisfaction

campaigns. As highlighted by [Author] (Year), the system can automatically send

evaluation forms to clients, seeking their feedback on the rental experience. In the event

of a customer complaint, the CRM system initiates an automated follow-up process,

ensuring that concerns are addressed promptly. This study explores how such proactive

engagement contributes to customer retention and overall satisfaction, thereby bolstering

the reputation of the car rental service.

An aspect of CRM explored in this study is the role it plays in sending automated

notifications triggered by specific actions performed by the software at various stages of

the car rental process. For instance, the study conducted by [Author] (Year) elucidates

how a customer receives a booking confirmation immediately after the software

processes the booking, and a reminder is sent a few days prior to the upcoming booking

dates. This timely communication not only provides customers with essential information

but also enhances their confidence in the rental service.

A critical contribution of CRM to the car rental industry, as outlined by [Author]

(Year), is its ability to measure customer satisfaction comprehensively. The software can

formulate customer questionnaires that span the entire customer journey, from initial

search to car return. The study delves into how analyzing the responses to these

questionnaires can help in identifying bottlenecks in the business process, understanding

reasons for customer churn, and addressing negative reviews. By systematically

collecting and analyzing customer feedback, the car rental service gains valuable insights

for continuous improvement.

In conclusion, this related study provides an in-depth exploration of Customer

Relationship Management within the context of car rental systems. The functionalities of

CRM, including customer history storage, notifications, satisfaction campaigns, and

problem detection, are examined for their impact on customer experience and overall

business progress. As the car rental industry increasingly relies on technology for

customer engagement, this study contributes valuable insights for researchers and

practitioners seeking to enhance CRM practices in the context of car rental services.

CHAPTER III

Methodology

The car rental application was developed using an agile software development

approach known as the Agile SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle). This

methodology involves breaking the development process into smaller iterations called

sprints, where each sprint focuses on specific tasks and goals.

The first step in the Agile SDLC for the car rental application was gathering

requirements. This involved understanding the needs and expectations of users, such as

the ability to search for available cars, make reservations, and view pricing information.

Next, the development team created a backlog, which is a list of tasks that need to

be completed. These tasks were divided into smaller units called user stories. Each user
story represented a specific functionality or feature of the car rental application, such as

vehicle selection or payment processing.

During each sprint, the development team worked on a set of user stories from the

backlog. They collaborated closely with stakeholders, such as car rental experts and

potential users, to ensure that the application met their requirements. Regular meetings,

known as daily stand-ups, were held to discuss progress, address any challenges, and plan

for the next steps.

The Agile SDLC approach provided flexibility and adaptability throughout the

development process. It allowed for iterative development, where new features and

improvements were regularly added based on user feedback. This ensured that the car

rental application was developed in an efficient and customer-centric manner.

Research Approach

First, the researchers start by identifying their research question or problem they

want to solve. This is the main thing they want to find out or understand better.
Next, they gather information and data related to their research question. They do this by

reading books, articles, and other reliable sources. They may also conduct surveys,

interviews, or experiments to collect their own data.

Once they have collected the information, they analyze it carefully. They look for

patterns, trends, or connections in the data. This helps them make sense of what they have

found and draw conclusions.

After analyzing the data, the researchers then interpret their findings. They explain what

the data means and how it relates to their research question. They may also compare their

findings with what other researchers have discovered in similar studies.

Requirements Analysis

Functional Requirements

Functional Description
Requirements

User Registration Users should be able to create an account by providing their personal
information and creating login credentials.

User Authentication Users should be able to securely log in to the system using their
unique username and password.

Data Input The system should provide forms or interfaces for users to input and
submit data required by the system.

Data Storage The system should provide forms or interfaces for users to input and
submit data required by the system.

Data Processing The system should securely store and retrieve data entered by users,
ensuring data integrity and confidentiality.

Search Functionality The system should perform necessary calculations or operations on

the data to generate meaningful outputs.
Reporting The system should generate reports based on the data entered,
providing users with summarized and organized information.

Notifications Users should receive timely notifications or alerts from the

system regarding important updates or events.

Non-Functional Requirements

Non-Functional Description
Requirements

Usability The system should have a user-friendly interface and be easy to

navigate, ensuring a positive user experience.

Performance The system should respond quickly and efficiently, even with a large
amount of data or concurrent user interactions.

Security The system should have robust security measures in place to protect
user data, prevent unauthorized access, and ensure data privacy.

System Requirements

Hardware Specification

Component Specification

Processor Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 or higher

RAM 6 GB or higher

Storage Minimum 128 GB internal storage

Display Minimum 6.0-inch Full HD+ AMOLED display

Operating System Android 10 (or later)

 Battery Minimum 4000 mAh or higher

Camera Dual or triple rear cameras with high-resolution sensors

Software Specification

Software Requirements Description

Programming Language - Development should be done using the Dart

programming language.

- Development team should have expertise in Dart

programming.

Integrated Development - Visual Studio Code (VSCode) should be used as the

Environment (IDE) primary IDE for Dart and Flutter development.

- VSCode extensions for Dart and Flutter should be

installed and configured.

Flutter Framework - Development should be done using the Flutter

framework.

- Flutter SDK should be installed and set up on

development machines.

- Development team should have experience in Flutter

app development.

Version Control - Git should be used as the version control system to

track and manage code changes.

Dependency Management - Pub package manager should be used for managing

dependencies in Dart and Flutter.

- Required packages and dependencies should be

specified in the pubspec.yaml file.

Testing - Unit tests and integration tests should be written using

the Flutter testing framework.
 - Test-driven development (TDD) practices should be
followed for code quality.

Code Quality - Adherence to industry-standard coding conventions

and best practices.

- Use of static code analysis tools like dart analyze or

dartfmt for code consistency and readability.

Requirements Documentation

Requirements documentation is a crucial aspect of software development, as it

serves as a comprehensive reference for the software requirements and specifications. It

provides a clear and concise description of the desired functionality, constraints, and

expectations for the software project. In the given text, the requirements documentation

covers various aspects such as the choice of programming language (Dart), the preferred

IDE (Visual Studio Code), the use of the Flutter framework, version control (Git),

dependency management (Pub package manager), testing practices (Flutter testing

framework and TDD), and code quality measures. This documentation ensures that all

stakeholders, including developers, testers, and project managers, have a common

understanding of the project goals and can work towards meeting them effectively.

Software Design

Software design is an essential phase in the software development process that

involves creating a blueprint or plan for how the software will be structured and function.
It encompasses various aspects, including the overall architecture, user interface design,

data structures, algorithms, and module interactions. The goal of software design is to

ensure that the software meets the desired requirements, is efficient, maintainable, and

user-friendly.

In the given project, software design plays a crucial role in shaping the

development of the application. Firstly, it involves designing the overall architecture of

the software, which defines how different components and modules will interact with

each other. For example, in a Flutter app, the design might include defining separate

modules for different screens or features and determining how they communicate and

share data. This helps in organizing the codebase and making it easier to understand and

maintain.

Secondly, software design also encompasses user interface design. This involves

creating a visually appealing and intuitive interface for the application. In the given

project, the design might involve deciding on the layout, colors, fonts, and interactions

for each screen of the app. This ensures that the end-users can easily navigate through the

app and perform tasks efficiently.

Conceptual Framework
 figure 2. Conceptual Framework

the car rental app's conceptual framework follows the IPO model by taking user input in

the form of login credentials and car preferences, processing this information to check

availability and facilitate the rental process, and delivering relevant outputs such as rental

agreements and booking confirmations to the user.

Block Diagram
 Figure 3. Block Diagram

This Block diagram begins with the user logging into the system. Once logged in,

the user is presented with options to select a car based on their preferences, such as car

type, model, or features. The user makes their selection, and the system proceeds to

initialize the database, ensuring that all necessary data and information are accessible.

After initializing the database, the system checks for the availability of cars that

match the user's preferences. If there are available cars that meet the criteria, the output is

"Rent a Car." This indicates that the user can proceed with renting the chosen car.

Flowchart
 The flowchart starts with the main menu displayed to the user. The user is then

prompted to select a rental option. If the user chooses to rent a car, the app checks the
availability of cars. If a car is available, the user is prompted to select a specific car and

provide rental details. Once the user confirms the booking, the app processes the

payment. If the payment is successful, a rental agreement is generated and provided to the

user. However, if the payment fails, the process ends. Finally, the flowchart concludes

with the end of the car rental app process.

CHAPTER IV

Result and Discussion

Development and Testing

Development Approach

The development process for this project will involve a team of software

developers, quality assurance specialists, designers, and project managers. The team will

be responsible for designing the system, coding it, testing it, and deploying it. The

following are the different stages that the development process will go through:

Requirements Gathering – This is the first phase of the project, in which the researchers

gathered all the requirements that were required for the creation of the project. The

researchers surveyed about issues and concerns regarding the project’s procedures.

Design – after all the requirements data were gathered and figure out the flow of the

project, the researchers started to design the project. The design phase starts from UX to

UI development and then proceeds to the other charts needed for the project

development. The UX design is a procedure of the system design where all forms are

drawn on an empty paper to produce the desired design output of the specific modules.

The UI design is a procedure where it turns the UX design into more colorful and realistic

form functions.

Development - In the development of the system the programming languages used are

PHP, CSS, JavaScript, and HTML these programming languages were compatible with

the Android and iOS operating systems, the researchers only used a Cordova and node is

framework to compile to an Android app format. It only uses a bootstrap technique to

resize the design in every possible device.

Testing – the testing of the application is done in every programming stage, for every

error that is found during the compilation and run of the project, it is automatically

decoded by the researchers.

Deployment – the project intends to be deployed in the respective area.

Maintenance – the project shall be maintained by the individuals who will benefit a lot

on the project and also it can be upgraded and maintained by the programmers and ICTC

of the Sulu State College.

Testing Approach

In this phase, the testing for each module of the system function takes place. After

coding each condition, it is compiled directly and tests the functionality.

Requirements Typical Components Detailed Description

a) Test Strategy and Reactive
Approach
b) Test Scope Functionality and Usability
1) Introduction
c) Test Assumptions All the test scores are expected to be
passed.
2) Functionality and a) Defects Discovered and All the modules that have an error
Usability Testing Corrected have been corrected.
b) Improvement Ideas Proponents are ensuring that every
hour of coding produces a significant
improvement in the system.
Moreover, researchers are also open
to any suggestions from IT experts
for advancing ideas in a particular
system.
c) Structured Microsoft coding convention is used
Programming in this project for structured
Compliance programming compliance and to
assure the readability of the project.
 d) Language Standards The proponent used a PHP
programming language in the
development of the application.
e) Development All principles applied in the
Documentation development process have been
Standards documented, and several instructions
in the system have been commented
on to ensure programming
development documentation
standards.
a) Test Strategy and Reactive
Environment Approach
4)
Requirements b) Platform The Flutter platform is used in this
project.

Description of Prototype

The project prototype represents the essential features and design principles,

acting as a material representation of the intended remedy. Its effectiveness comes from

its capacity to illustrate important aspects and interactions, giving consumers a practical

look at the suggested solution. In addition to demonstrating the intended user interface,

the prototype facilitates functionality testing, which enables the early detection and

resolution of potential issues. How well it satisfies user needs and requirements while

adhering to project objectives is how effectiveness is determined. The prototype also acts

as a useful communication tool, providing a visual depiction of the project's scope and

potential impact to help stakeholders and project team members collaborate. The project

prototype is a dynamic, iterative artifact that encourages ongoing improvement and

refinement.

Implementation Plan
 The implementation plan for the project involves several important steps. The

project will begin with a project timeline that includes the establishment of roles and

responsibilities for the members of the group. The remaining pre-implementation tasks

will center on establishing the system environment, such as web server configuration and

software installation.

Following pre-implementation, a final system testing step will make sure that it

meets all requirements and has no critical flaws. The deployment phase will then begin,

with program installation on web servers and initial data input to the system.

User training is an essential part of the strategy, which includes seminars for

students, staff, and administrators of the project. The focus will be on essential system

functions. A support team and communication channels will be formed to properly

address user requests and issues.

Post-installation duties include continuous monitoring and assessment. This

feedback will help us identify areas for improvement and handle any concerns as soon as

possible. The strategy finishes with a commitment to continual improvement, ensuring

that the project adapts to user needs and evolving requirements within the corresponding

area.

CHAPTER V

RECOMMENDATION
 After the Car Rental App is successfully put into use, it is essential to have a

strong system update plan in place to make sure the app stays relevant and effective. It is

important to plan regular updates to take into account new technology, changing user

needs, and possible security flaws. Prioritizing feature additions, bug fixes, and

performance improvements should be determined by user feedback and new trends in the

industry. Close cooperation with users and stakeholders via evaluations, surveys, and

feedback systems will also yield important insights for pinpointing areas in need of

improvement. Maintaining the app's leadership in the car rental industry and providing

users with real benefits should be possible with a smooth update process that causes the

least amount of inconvenience to users.

With a view to the future, the Car Rental App can investigate opportunities for

growth and diversification in order to serve a larger user base and keep up with changing

market conditions. Partnerships with other car rental companies should be taken into

consideration in order to provide users with access to a larger fleet of vehicles in different

regions. In order to be in line with the upcoming trends in the automotive industry,

integration of emerging technologies, like electric or autonomous vehicles, could also be

investigated. The app may be able to positively impact sustainable and smart city

initiatives through partnerships with public transportation, eco-friendly initiatives, or

urban planning initiatives. Plans for the future should be based on a dedication to ongoing

innovation and a proactive approach to the evolving urban mobility scene.

It ought to concentrate on creating a thriving user base to promote long-term

success. To increase user satisfaction and retention, loyalty programs, referral bonuses,

and special offers for regular users should be established. Users will be informed about
new features, promotions, and improvements through regular communication via

newsletters, app updates, and social media channels. The app's brand identity will be

strengthened by highlighting how it improves urban mobility and fosters a sense of

community. Additionally, holding regular focus groups and user surveys can yield

insightful information about changing user preferences and expectations, which can

direct the app's development to continue being a trailblazer in the vehicle rental sector.

By giving community development and user engagement a top priority, the Car Rental

App can further establish itself as a vital resource for contemporary.