Level - 3 JEE Advanced++ Pattern/Solutions

126. (30°C)
Let the final temperature be  f .
f

Heat gained by block, Qb  m b S0

 (1  k )d 
0
Heat lost by water, Qw  mwSw (45   f )
Qb  Qw

 k 
 mb S0  f  2f   m wSw (45   f )
 2 
Given : mb  100 g, S0  4.2  103 J /kg C, k  0.1C 1

mw  500 g, Sw  4.2  103 J / kg C

Solving, we get  f  30C

127. (i) 240 min (ii) Never, max  120C

Let the specific heat of water  Sw J / kg C
Let the rate of heat supply by the heater  Qh J / min
So, (Qh )(40)  (20)(Sw )(60  20) ........ (i)
Now, let us assume that water starts boiling ' t ' minutes after we started adding water at 20°C at rate
r  0.2 L / min
Then, (Qh )(t )  Sw 20(100  60)  rt (100  20) ........ (ii)
t 800  (0.2)(t )(80)
Dividing equation (ii) by equation (i), and 
40 800
 t  200 min
So, water starts boiling 240 minutes after beginning of the experiment.
Now, if a liquid with properties same as water except with boiling point 150°C is used, equation (ii) becomes
(Qh )(t )  Sw 20(150  60)  rt (150  20) ........ (iii)
Dividing equation (iii) by equation (i)
t 1800  26 t

40 800
Solving this we get t   300
This answer is unacceptable, So, this means that the liquid mixture never boils.
Let us assume that the maximum temperature reached is m .
Then, (Qh )(t )  Sw 20(m  60)  0.2 t (m  20) ........ (iv)
Dividing (iv) by (i) and solving we get
20 m  1200
t 
24  0.2 m

Properties of Matter 24 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

 To get a valid answer, t must be positive
So, 20 m  1200  0 and 24  0.2 m  0
 m  60 and m  120
So, clearly, the maximum temperature reached is 120°C

128.(110 g < m < 143 g)

At first, the ice ball sinks. This means that :
Buoyant force on ice ball < Weight of ice ball
 (Volume of ice ball) × (Density of water) < 0.9 + m
 0.9 m 
    (1)  0.9  m
 0.9 11 
 m > 110 gms
Now, the lead and ice ball gain heat from the surrounding water as they are at temperature 42C . This
causes surrounding water to freeze on the outer surface of the ice ball. This happens until the lead and
original ice reach a temperature of 0C . Let the mass of water that freeze be m 0 .
Heat gained by lead and original ice = Heat lost by freezing water
(0.9) (42) (2.4  10 3 )  m 0 (336 103 )
 m 0  0.27 kg
Now, this ball with extra ice frozen on it floats.
This means :
Buoyant force on ice ball > weight of ice ball.
(volume of ice ball)  0.9  m  m 0 (Density of water) 
 0.9  m 0 m 
   (1)  0.9  m  m 0
 0.9 11 
 m 143 gms
So, range of m is
110 g < m < 143 g

129. (–54°C)
Water shows anomalous expansion; the volume of water increases during freezing. If the entire volume of

water would have frozen then its volume would have increased by a factor of w  1.1 and the level of water
ice
in the calorimeter would have increased by (h/3)(1.1  1)  2.5 cm. But according to the problem,
h  0.5 cm, it implies that a part of water has frozen. Thus the calorimeter has ice water mixture at 0°C.
Heat lost by water = Heat gained by ice
m wCw  Tw  0   mL f  Cicem ice  0  Tice  … (1)
Where m is the mass of the water that freezes. As the volume of water changes by a factor of w / ice on
freezing, we have
   m
hA   w  1 … (2)
 
 ice  w
Where A is the cross-section area of the calorimeter
Substituting expression for m from eqn. (2) in eqn. (1) and using mw  h/3 w A and mice  h/3 ice A,
we get

Properties of Matter 25 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

 h ice w h
Cw A w Tw  L f A h  Cice ice ATice
3 w  ice 3
L f 3h w Cw w
Hence, Tice    Tw
Cice h w  ice Cice ice
On substituting numerical values, we get, Tice  54C
130.(5)
Let AC  a , BC  b and AB  

Then, 2  a 2  b 2
and also, a   cos , b   sin 
After heating, let the lengths become a , b  and 
Then, a   a (1  x ) and b  b (1  y )

So,  2  a  2  b2  a 2 (1   x )2  b 2 (1  y  )2

Using the approximation (1  x )2  1  2 x for small x.

 2  a 2  b 2  2a 2 x   2b 2y 

 2a 2 x  2b 2 y 
 2  (a 2  b 2 ) 1   
 a 2  b2 

Now, putting a 2  b 2  2 , a   cos  and b   sin ,


 2   2 1  (2 x cos2   2y sin 2 ) 
Taking square root and using the approximation
x
(1  x )1/2  1  for small x.
2


   1  ( x cos2   y sin 2 ) 
We can see from this result that the coefficient of linear expansion along AB is :
 AB  x cos2   y sin 2 
Replacing given values, we get
 AB  5

131. (i) x  0.5m & x  0.3m

(ii) Left end : 0.5 towards right
Right end : 1.5 towards right
The centre of mass of the rod will not move at all because net external force is zero.
Now, consider the portion between x  0.2 and x  0.5
The portion has been cooled, hence there is contraction.
This contraction, y1  0.3(  )
So, x  0.2 shifts to the right by y1
The portion between x  0 and x  0.2 is heated, so it expands by amount y2  0.2 ( )

Properties of Matter 26 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

 The left end ( x  0) shifts to the right by amount y2 relative to the point x  0.2
So, the left end shifts to the right by y1  y 2 to the right. Also, net decrease in length of the portion
x  0 to x  0.5 is y1  y2  0.1  .
Similarly, portion x  0.5 to x  0.6 contracts by y3  0.1 
And portion between x  0.6 and x  1.0 expands by y 4  0.4 
So, the right and shifts to the right by amount y4  y3 .
 0.3 
Now, notice that portion x  0.6 to x  0.7 expands by 0.1  .
So, between x  0.5 and x  0.7, there is a contraction by 0.1  and expansion by 0.1  .
Hence, the point x  0.7 comes back is its original position.
Total length change    y1  y2  y 3  y 4
   0.2 
So, left end shifts to right by 0.1 , i.e. 0.5  and right end shifts to right by 0.3 , i.e. 1.5  .
The points on the rod that do not shift are x  0.5 and x  0.7.

132. (i) h f  h {1  c } , A f  A {1  2c } , V f  Ah {1  3c ) (ii) V f  Ah1 (1   L  )

(iii) h1 f  h1 {1   L } (iv) h1 f  h1 (1  2c ) (v) 3h c  h1 L

(i) New height h f  h {1  }

New area of cross section A f  A{1  2c }

New volume of container V f  Ah {1  3c )

(ii) New volume of liquid V f  V0 (1   L )  Ah1(1   L )

(iii) The height of liquid level when expansion of container is neglected

V f Ah1(1   L )
h1 f    h1 f  h1 {1   L }
A A
(iv) The area of container will increase, the area of container at this temperature will be
A f  A{1  2c }

As liquid does not expand the volume of the liquid will be as initial volume  Ah1.
Hence height of the liquid column will be
Ah1 Ah1
h1 f    h1 f  h1(1  2c  )
Af A(1  2c )

(v) The initial volume of container above the liquid V1  Ah  Ah1

Final volume of container above the liquid V2  Ah (1  3c )  Ah1(1   L )
If volume of container above liquid remains constant, V2  V1
[ Ah (1  3c )  Ah1(1   L )]  [ Ah  Ah1]
Which gives 3h c  h1 L

Properties of Matter 27 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

133.  2  10 4
/C 
We start from the liquid surface of column A, as we move along the tube to liquid surface in column D. When
we move down, pressure increase and decreases as we move up.
P0   A gh A  B gh B  C ghC  D gh D  P0
 A gh A  B gh B  C ghC  D gh D  0
as  A  C  95C

B  D  5C    
95C h A  hC  5C h B  h D 
5C h A  hC 52.8  49
   1.018
95C h B  hD 49  51
5C
as 95C 
1    90C 
5C
 1    90C    1.018
95C
 1.018  1 
Hence    2  10 4 / C
 90C 

 k r1r2 (T2  T1 ) 
134.  
 L 
 
r r 
Here r  r1   2 1  x
 L 
 
As shown in figure we consider an elemental disc at
a distance x from left face. Then thermal resistance
of this elemental disc is given as
1 dx
dRth  
k 2
 r r 
  r1  2 1 x 
 L 
 
Total thermal resistance of frustum is
L
1 dx
Rth 
 dRth 
k   r2  r1 
2
0  r1  x
 L 
L
 
  1 1 
L  1   L L
    

k (r2  r1 )  r  r   k (r2  r1 )  r1 r2  k r1r2
  r1  2 1  x  
  L  0
dQ T  T1 k r1r2 (T2  T1 )
Thus heat current through frustum is  2 
dt Rth L

Properties of Matter 28 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

135.
 2 2
 T  T  r  R1 T1  T2   
 1 
 R22  R12 
 
Let heat transferred per second is H, then
dT
H  K (2rl )
dr
 dT  dT
or H  2lr  2l
r 2 dr r dr
R2 2l  T2
R 1
r dr  
H T 1
dT

H 

4 l  T1  T2  … (1)
 R22  R12 
r 2 l  T r 2  R12 2l 
R r dr 
T H
dT ,
2

H

T1  T 
1 1

T  T1 
r 2  R12  H or T  T1 
r 2  R12  H … (2)
4 l  4 l 

From eqns. (1) and (2), T  T1 

r 2  R12  T1  T2 
R22  R12
Assume that heat absorbed by sphere is negligible. Take specific heat of water c  4.2 kJ/kg K , latent heat
of vaporization Lv  2268 kJ/kg.

136. (i) 9 min 39 s (ii) 54 min 49 s

(i) Let T be the instantaneous temperature of the water. The rate of heat flow is given by
dQ T0  T
 . . . .(i)
dt Rth
Where Rth is the equivalent thermal resistance of the hollow
sphere. Consider a thin spherical sheet of radius r and thickness dr
as shown in the figure. Then
dr
dRth 
K  4 r 2 
1 R2 dr R2  R1
Rth 
4 K R1 r 2

4 KR1R2 
102
For R1  0.25 m; R 2  0.50 m; K  W/m-K s
4
0.5  0.25
R  2  10 2 K/W
 100 
4   0.50   0.25 
 4 
Heat required to raise the temperature of water by dT is given by dQ  mc dT . Substituting the value of dQ
in equation (1), we get

Properties of Matter 29 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

 dT T T T dT t
 0
mc
dt R
or mcR
0 T0  T  0 dt
T0
or mcR ln t
T0  T

On substituting numerical values, we get t

3 4 3
c  4.2  103 J/kg; m  V  10      0.25    65.45 kg
3 

R  2  10 2 K/W
T0  1000C; T  100C
1000
t  65.45   4.2  103  2  10 2  ln = 576 s = 9 min 39 s
1000  100
(ii) Heat required to convert 65.45 kg of water into steam is

Q  mLv   65.45   2268  103   1.48  10 8 J

The rate of heat flow is
dQ T 1000  100
   4.5  10 4 W
dt R 2  10 2
1.48  108
 Time required is t   3289 s = 54 min 49 s
4.5  10 4

   AK   
  t
bH   bc   
137.  T  T0  1  e  
 AK   
  
Heat conducted through metallic slab,
dQ


KA T  T0 
dt b
Heat gain by water through heater = H
Net rate at which heat is gained by water,
dQ KA dT KA
dt
H
b
 T  T0  , c
dt
H
b
 T  T0 
T
T cdT t  b   AK T  T0   
T KA

0 dt , c
AK

 ln H 

 
 b  T
t
0 H
b
 T  T0  0

 AK   AKt 
bc H 
b
T  T0    
AK T  T0  

 ln   t , H  He  bc 
AK  H  b
  AK     AK  
 t  t

AK T  T0   bc  
 H 1  e    , T  T 
bH 

1  e
 bc  
  
0
b AK

Properties of Matter 30 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

  Lms   1 
138.  ln 0 
 KA 0  2 
 
Suppose, the temperature of the water in the smaller vessel is  at time t. In the next time interval dt, a heat
Q is transferred to it where
KA
dQ  (0  )dt . … (i)
L
This heat increases the temperature of the water of mass m to   d  where
dQ  ms d . … (ii)
From (i) and (ii),
T 2
KA Lms d Lms d
L
(0  )dt  ms d  or dt 
KA 0  
or
 dt  KA  0  
0 1

where T is the time required for the temperature of the water to become 2.
Lms   1
Thus, T  ln 0 .
KA 0  2

 KA  C1  C2  
  t
C1C 2
139. T  T0e 
 
 
Let T be the temperature difference between two blocks at time t.
Heat transferred per second,
dQ KAT
 … (1)
dt l
Due to transfer of heat, temperature of one block is lowered while it increases for the other. Hence change in
temperature difference,
dT  dT1  dT2 … (2)
Heat lost by one block is equal to the heat gained by the other.
C1dT1  C2dT2 … (3)
From eqns. (2) and (3),
 C  C2 
dT   1  dT1 … (4)
 C 
 2 
If block one looses heat,
dQ  C1dT1
From eqn. (1),
dQ dT KAT
 C1 1  … (5)
dt dt l
From eqns. (4) and (5),
CC dT KA
 1 2  T
C1  C2 dt l

Properties of Matter 31 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

 dT


KA C1  C 2  dt
T C1C2



KA C1 C2 t
T dT 
KA C1  C2 t C1C2
T 0 T

C1C2
 T  T0e

 K 
140.  
 4e LT 3  K 
 s 
Rate of heat conduction through rod = rate of the heat lost from right end of the rod.
KA(T1  T2 )
  eA (T24  Ts4 ) … (i)
L
Given that T2  Ts  T
4
 T 
 T24  (Ts  T )4  Ts4 1  
 Ts 

Using binomial expansion, we have
 T 
T24  Ts4 1  4  (as T  Ts )
 Ts 

 T24  Ts4  4( T )(Ts3 )
K (T1  Ts  T )
Substituting in Eq. (i), we have  4e Ts3.T
L
K (T1  Ts )  K K ( T1  Ts )
or   4e Ts3   T  T 
L  L  (4e LTs3  K )

K
Comparing with the given relation, proportianality constant 
4e LTs3  K

 r c  1 1  
141.    
 9e   T 3 T 3  
  2 1 
The rate of loss of energy due to radiation, P  eA T 4
dT
This rate must be equal to mc .
dt
dT
Hence, mc  eA T 4
dt
4 
Negative sign is used as temperature decreases with time. In this equation, m   r 3   and A  4 r 2
3 
 
t T2
dT 3e  4 r c dT
or,
 
dt

cr
T

 dt 
3e   T4
0 T1

r c  1 1 
Solving this, we get t    .
9e   T 3 T 3 
 2 1 

Properties of Matter 32 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

  ln 2 
142.  
 k 
 
d
We have,  k (  0 )
dt
Where 0 is the temperature of the surrounding and  is the temperature of the body at time t. Suppose
  1 at t = 0.
Then,
 t
d   0
   0 
 k dt or ln
1  0
 kt
1 0

or   0  ( 1  0 )e kt .
The body continues to lose heat till its temperature becomes equal to that of the surrounding. The loss of
heat in this entire period is Qm  ms(1  0 ).
This is the maximum heat the body can lose. If the body loses half this heat, the decrease in its temperature
Qm   0
will be,  1 .
2 ms 2
  0 1  0
If the body loses this heat in time t1, the temperature at t1 will be 1  1  .
2 2
  0 kt
Putting these values of time and temperature in (i), 1  0  (1  0 )e 1
2
kt 1 ln 2
or e 1  or t1  .
2 k

 2 KAt1 
 CL 
143.  300  12.5e 
 
 
In the first part of the question (t  t1)
At t  0, T X  T0  400K and at t  t1, TX  T1  350 K
Temperature of atmosphere, TA  300 K (constant)
This cools down according to Newton’s law of cooling.
Therefore, rate of cooling  temperature difference.
 dT 
    k (T  TA )
 dt 
 
dT T1 dT t1

T  TA
 k dt 
T 0 T  TA
 k
0 dt
 T T   350  300 
A
 ln  1   kt1  kt1   ln  
T T   400  300 
 0 A   
 kt1  ln(2) … (i)

Properties of Matter 33 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

 In the second part (t  t1 ), body X cools by radiation
(according to Newton’s law) as well as by conduction.
Therefore, rate of cooling = (cooling by radiation) + (cooling
by conduction)
dQ KA( T  T A )  dT   dT  KA
In conduction,   C      (T  T A )
dt L    dt  LC
 dt   
where, C = heat capacity of body X

 dT  KA
    k (T  T A )  (T  T A ) … (ii)
 dt  CL
 
 dT   KA 
   k   (T  T A ) … (iii)
 dt   CL 
  
Let at t  3t1, temperature of x becomes T2
Then from Eq. (iii)
T2 dT  KA  3t1
T1 T  T A
  k 



KC  t1
dt

T T   KA   2 KA 
ln  2 A    k   (2t1 )    2kt1 

t1 

T T   LC  LC
 1 A    
 T  300  2 KAt1
or ln  2   2 ln(2)  ; kt1  ln(2) from Eq. (i).
 350  300  LC
 
 2 KAt1 
 
This equation gives T2   300  12.5e CL K
 
 

144. 1.3m 
The action of forces on each part of rod is shown in figure

Fl
We know that the extension due to external force F is given by e 
AY
3
(60  10 )  1.5
 e AB   4.5  10 7 m
11
1  2  10
(70  103 )  1 (50  10 3 )  2
e BC   3.5  10 7 m and eCD   5.0  10 7 m
1  2  1011 1  2  1011
The total extension e  e AB  e BC  eCD

 4.5  10 7  3.5  10 7  5.0  10 7  13  10 7 m  1.3m

Properties of Matter 34 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

  FL 
145.  
  abY 
 
Consider an element of length dx at a distance x as shown.
b a b a
r a  x  dr  dx
L L
Fdx
Elongation in the length dx is given by d ( l ) 
r 2Y
Fdx
Total elongation l 
r 2Y 
b b
FLdr FL 1 FL 1 FL
l 
 r 2Y (b  a ) 
Y (b  a )  r 2
dr 
Y (b  a )

ra

 abY
a

146. (   2  10 5 /C , Y  1.105  1011 N/m 2 )

l  l 
l  l1  l 2

(1.91  10 3 )  0.3  1.7  10 5  100    0.7  100

Solving this equation, we get,   2  10 5/C
Compressive force will be same in both rods
i.e. F1  F2
 l   l  Y  Y
or Y1   1   A  Y2   2 A or Y1  1    Y2  2    Y2  1 1  Cu Cu
 l   l  2 2
 1   2 
(1.7  10 5 )(1.3  1011 )
  1.105  1011 N/m 2
(2.0  10 5 )
2
147.  
3
 
The concrete and iron sections are subjected to the same strain. If c and i denotes compressive stresses,
Ac and Ai cross-section area and Yc and Yi Young’s modulus respectively.
c
 i
Yc Yi
Let x fraction of load F be shared by concrete; then we have
xF F  xF Ac Yc
 or x 
AcYc Yi Ai Ai Yi  AcYc
1 1
On substituting Yc  Yi , Ai  Ac , we get
10 20
AcYc 2
x  
1 3
Ac  10Yc  AcYc
20

Properties of Matter 35 Workbook – 4B | Solutions

   0 gh  
148.  P  P0  B ln  1  
  B  
In a static fluid, the pressure variation is given by
dP
 g …. (i)
dh
The bulk modulus is defined as
dP
B  V …. (ii)
dV
Consider a sample of the fluid having mass M, then its volume
M M
V   dV   d …. (iii)
 2
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii)
Bd   d g h 1 1 gh

 gdh 
 0  2

B 0
dh 
0



B
…. (iv)

BdV d P  d 
Now, dP  
V
B


P 0
dP  B
 0 
 P  P0  B ln
0
…. (v)

  gh    gh   0 gh 
From Eq. (iv) 1 0  0  ln  ln 1  0   P  P0  B ln 1  
 B 0  B   B 
 
P 
149.  (1  2v ) 
Y 
 
m
When the rod is not compressed, its density is 1  where V1  r 2l .
V1
m
The density of compressed rod is 2  , where
V2

V2  (r  r )2 (l  l )
The change in density of rod is
 1 1  m V
  2  1  m   
V 
 2 V1  V2V1
As the compression in a solid is negligibly small, we can safely assume V2V1  V12 .
 V
Hence the relative change in density,  .
 V1
 l 2 r 
Now V  r 2l  (r  r )2 (l  l )  r 2l   
 l r 

l  r / r 
 V1 (1  2v ) as v  
l  l / l 
 V l
Hence   (1  2v )
1 V1 l
l P  P
From Hooke’s law, we have  So  (1  2v )
l Y 1 Y

Properties of Matter 36 Workbook – 4B | Solutions