Ec135 Classic b2 R06en 04 Fcds - Enc

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04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

B2
Training Manual
Chapter 04
FCDS
For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 1

The disclosure is prohibited. Owner: user1378@ahd.emanuals-airbushelicopters.com

B2
Training Manual
Table of contents
4.1 Flight Control Display System FCDS.............................. 6 4.2 Additional Equipment .................................................... 44
4.1.1 Normal Operation............................................................... 6 4.2.1 Attitude and Heading Reference System AHRS............... 44
4.1.2 Components....................................................................... 6 4.2.2 Magnetometer................................................................... 44
4.1.3 Power Supply...................................................................... 8 4.3 Pitot-Static System - Air Data Unit ADU 3000/3200..... 46
4.1.4 FCDS System................................................................... 10 4.3.1 Operation.......................................................................... 46
4.1.5 FCDS Block Diagram (simplified)..................................... 12 4.3.2 ADC.................................................................................. 48
4.1.6 Instrument Control Panel Copilot/Pilot.............................. 14 4.3.3 Temperature Sensor for ADC............................................ 48
4.1.7 PELICAN Rack................................................................. 16 4.3.4 Calibration......................................................................... 50
4.1.8 SMD 45 H......................................................................... 18 4.3.5 FCDS Data Transfer Configuration Part 1........................ 54
4.1.9 SMD 68............................................................................. 18 4.3.6 FCDS Data Transfer Configuration Part 2........................ 56
4.1.10 FCDS Color Logic............................................................. 18 4.3.7 FCDS Possible Failure Messages.................................... 58
4.1.11 Primary Flight Display....................................................... 20
4.1.12 Composite Mode............................................................... 22
4.1.13 Page ILS (Normal ILS Philosophy)................................... 24
4.1.14 Navigation Display............................................................ 26
4.1.15 ND NAV Symbology DME Hold........................................ 28
4.1.16 NAV Color-Logic............................................................... 32
4.1.17 PFD/ND - Warnings.......................................................... 34
4.1.18 PFD/ND - Cautions and Discrepancies............................ 36
4.1.19 Reconfiguation Unit.......................................................... 38
4.1.20 PFD/ND Indication of Warnings and Discrepancies......... 40
4.1.21 Reconfiguration................................................................. 42


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Training Manual
This training document comprises the following ATA chapters: Engine Indicating System ATA 31
General Description of the EC 135 ATA 06 Main Gearbox Indication ATA 63
Maintenance Concept ATA 05,12 Fuel Distribution System ATA 28
Documentation of the EC135 ATA 00 Hydraulic Indication and Testing Systems ATA 29
Electrical System Code ATA 24 Trim System ATA 67
Electrical Equipment Code ATA 24 Engine Control TM/PW ATA 76
Wire Identification Code ATA 24 Engine Ignition ATA 74
Electrical Power Supply ATA 24 Engine Switches (Overhead Panel) ATA 76
DC Power Generation ATA 24 Avionics Cooling System ATA 21
Zodiac Electrical Master Box1&2 (EMB1, EMB2) ATA 24 Power Supply ATA 24
Battery System ATA 24 Intercom System ATA 23
Zodiac Battery Master Box ATA 24 VHF AM COM System ATA 23
Bonding System ATA 24 Emergency Locator Transmitter ATA 25
External Power Receptacle ATA 24 Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) ATA 34
DC Power Distribution ATA 24 VHF Navigation System ATA 34
AC Power System ATA 24 Air Traffic Control (ATC) ATA 34
Lighting System ATA 33 Distance Measuring Equipment ATA 34
Pitot-Static System ATA 34 Global Positioning System ATA 34
Switch Unit ATA 24 Radar Altimeter System ATA 34
Warning Unit ATA 31 STBY Horizon System ATA 34
Fire Warning System ATA 26 Standby Compass ATA 34
Fire Extinguishing System (Example Single Bottle ATA 26 Video Radar Unit ATA 31
System) Types of Inspections ATA 05
Instrument Panel ATA 31 Scheduled Checks and Inspections ATA 05
Central Panel Display System (CPDS) ATA 31 Handling of the EC135 ATA 07,08,09


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Training Manual
Reference Planes ATA 06 Engine Turbomeca ARRIUS ATA 71

Leveling ATA 08 Engine Pratt & Whitney 206B ATA 71
Fuselage General Description ATA 53 Engine Control TM/PW ATA 76
Tail Unit Structure ATA 53 Windshield Wiper ATA 30
Tail Boom ATA 53 Heating and Ventilation System up to SN 999 ATA 21
Fenestron® Structure ATA 53 Heating and Ventilation System from SN 1000 and ATA 21
General Description of the Lifting System ATA 63 up
Main Transmisson ATA 63 Placards and Markings ATA 11
Oil Cooling System ATA 63 Flight Control Display System FCDS ATA 31,34
Main Transmission Mounts ATA 63 Automatic Flight Control System AFCS ATA 22
Main Rotor System ATA 62 Stability Augmentation System ATA 22
Tail Rotor ATA 64 Electrical Power System ATA 24
Tail Rotor ATA 64
Tail Rotor Drive ATA 65
Tail Rotor Gearbox ATA 65
Principle of the Flight Control ATA 67
Flight Control of the EC135 ATA 67
Tail Rotor Control ATA 67
Hydraulic System ATA 29
Hydraulic Actuators ATA 67
Electro-Hydraulic Actuator EHA ATA 67
Fenestron® Actuator ATA 67
Landing Gear ATA 32
Fuel System ATA 28
Fuel Storage System ATA 28


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Training Manual
Intentionally left blank


4.1 Flight Control Display System FCDS B2
4.1.1 Normal Operation Training Manual
4.1 Flight Control Display System FCDS
General 4.1.2 Components

The modular layout of the Flight Control Display System (FCDS) with The following additional components are necessary for operation of
the four displays, Primary Flight Display (PFD) and Navigation Display the FCDS:
(ND) for pilot and copilot, fulfills the requirements for IFR with regards –– Power supply (overhead panel)
to redundancy and fail-safe requirements. The digital system enables
–– 4x SMD 45H displays or 2x SMD 45H plus 1 SMD 68
flexibility and reconfiguration. In case of module failure the indication of
important flight parameters is still possible in a limited operation mode –– Backup instruments (airspeed, altimeter, artificial horizon)
(Composite Mode). A double redundancy is achieved by installation of –– 2x ICP (Instrument Control Panel)
back-up instruments in conventional design. –– RCU (Reconfiguration Unit)
The system architecture is based on two separate symmetrical channels –– 2x ADC (Air Data Computer)
(no. 1 for copilot and no. 2 for pilot). Each channel is composed of one –– 2x FCDM (Flight Control Display Module)
Flight Control Display Module (FCDM), an Instrument Control Panel
–– 2x AHRS
(ICP) and two displays (SMD 45H).
–– 2x magnetometer
4.1.1 Normal Operation –– Avionics: NAV 1, NAV 2, ADF, DF (option), GPS (NMS)
During normal operation the values of systems 1 are displayed LH and –– Optional equipment: radar altimeter, weather radar, FLIR,
those of the systems 2 RH side at the instrument panel. The selection moving map, autopilot, terrain avoidance system (Hellas),
for the display mode, for the displayed sensors and the indicated TCAD.
distances, is done through the Instrument Control Panel (ICP), which
is installed separately for each pilot in the slant console. Additionally ♦ NOTE The autopilot symbology is not shown in this
there is a data exchange between the two FCDMs for comparison manual.
of the sensor data. If there is a discrepancy detected, an automatic
failure indication will be shown on the display.
♦ NOTE Before starting engines, make sure that no power
is applied to the FCDS (Avionics Master Switches
in OFF position) in order to prevent influence of
transient voltage.


4.1.2 Components Training Manual
Instrument Panel


4.1.3 Power Supply Training Manual
4.1.3 Power Supply
General
The FCDS system is powered by the Avionic ESS BUS 2 and Avionic
ESS BUS 1.
FCDM2, ADC2, AHRS2, PFD2 and ND2 are supplied by the Avionic
ESS Bus 2. The left side in the respective way by Avionic ESS BUS1.
In case of a SMD68 installation, the display itself gets power from the
Avionic ESS Bus 1 via the circuit breaker labelled MFD. An additional
FCDS2 backup CB ensures a second power supply to the right side.


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4.1.3 Power Supply Training Manual
Overhead Console (Example)


4.1.4 FCDS System Training Manual
4.1.4 FCDS System
4.1.4.1 Parts Location

The SMD 45H displays are mounted in the instrument panel. The
upper monitor is used as Primary Flight Display (PFD) and the lower
one as Navigation Display (ND).
The four screen version consists of four SMD 45H, 2 on each side.
The three screen version consists of two SM45H on the pilot’s side
and one SMD 68 on the copilot’s side.
A two screen version is also possible; the displays are only on the
pilot’s side.
Two Instrument Control Panels (ICP) are mounted in the slant console.
One Reconfiguration Unit (RCU) is installed in the aft center console.
Two Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) are installed RH
side below the cabin floor.
Two Air Data Computers (ADC) are installed respectively in the LH
and RH side channels of the helicopter.
The PELICAN rack is attached on the avionics deck, at the aft of the
passenger cabin.
Two Flight Control Display Modules (FCDM) are installed with plug- in
slots inside the PELICAN Rack
Two magnetometers are installed in the middle of the tail boom.
Additionally, analog instruments (air speed indicator, altimeter and
artificial horizon) are installed at the upper part of the instrument panel.


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4.1.4 FCDS System Training Manual
FCDS - Locations EC135


4.1.5 FCDS Block Diagram (simplified) Training Manual
4.1.5 FCDS Block Diagram (simplified) 4.1.5.5 Air Data Computer

In normal operation, FCDM2 displays the system 2 sensors on the pilot’ The Air Data Computer provides the FCDS with the data of the
side and FCDM1 the system 1 sensors on the copilot’ side. A cross barometric flight altitude and with the horizontal and vertical speed.
talk between the FCDMs enables the FCDMs to detect discrepancies. The data from the ADC are transmitted digitally to the AHRS and to
Each FCDM is capable to display all screens with full information the Primary Flight Display.
content (redundancy).
4.1.5.6 PELICAN Rack including two FCDM
4.1.5.1 SMD 45H The PELICAN rack consists of two compartments respectively cooled
The SMD 45H is an Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display with an by a fan. In each compartment are two plug-ins for modules integrated.
excellent legibility under all illumination conditions. The upper In each compartment one FCDM is implemented, secured by a locking
monitor is used as Primary Flight Display (PFD) and the lower one as device.
Navigation Display (ND). In case of a failure, the other display enters
a composite mode to take over the information. 4.1.5.7 Magnetometer
The direction of the earth’s magnetic field is measured by the
4.1.5.2 Instrument Control Panel magnetometer. These data are sent to the inertial unit of the AHRS for
They are used to control the different display modes of the SMD 45H calculation of the actual heading.
monitors.
4.1.5.8 VRU
4.1.5.3 Reconfiguration Unit An optional Video Radar Unit may be installed to display information
With the Reconfiguration Unit (RCU) each sensor can be allocated from external sources, e.g. weather radar, moving map, FLIR.
individually to both system sides.
4.1.5.4 Attitude and Heading Reference System

The Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) is a glass
fiber optic aided heading and reference system of high accuracy. It
measures the flight attitude, turning- and acceleration rates of the
helicopter for viewing on the flight displays (and for further processing
in the autopilot computer). The inertial unit compensates all external
influences such as drift, temperature etc. and calculates by means of
the measured turning rates the helicopter attitude.


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4.1.5 FCDS Block Diagram (simplified) Training Manual
FCDS Block Diagram (simplified)


4.1.6 Instrument Control Panel Copilot/Pilot Training Manual
4.1.6 Instrument Control Panel Copilot/Pilot (8) POS

The ICP is used to operate the PFD and ND. Under normal conditions, Press: Resets the pitch reference value (aircraft symbol) on ADI to 0°.
the left ICP is used for the copilot’s displays and the right ICP is used Rotate: Adjusts the POS value between -2° and +7°.
for the pilot’s displays. (9) ND
The following controls are provided: Press: Selects between ND HSI and ND Sector Mode
(1) DH (SMD 45H only).
Press: Selects between DH and UL (optional) (10) Double Bar Pointer
Rotate: Adjusts DH or UL value Press: Sequentially selects for ADF (DF optional), VOR2 & NMS
Fast rotation = 8 ft steps (GPS).
Slow rotation = 1 ft steps (11) Single Bar Pointer
(2) (Range up) Press: Sequentially selects for ADF, VOR1 & NMS (GPS).
Press: Increases the range settings of the ND sectors or EXT systems (12) (Range down)
up to 500 NM half range (depending on configuration). Press: Decreases the range settings of the ND sectors or EXT systems
(3) EXT down to 0.25 NM half range (depending on configuration).
Press: Sequentially selects: WX, Moving Map, FLIR. (13) CRS
(4) NAV SOURCE Rotate: Adjusts CRS value (course pointer) manually (VOR)
Press: Sequentially selects VOR/ILS1, VOR/ILS2, GPS (NMS) for Press: With NAV (VOR) engagement, automatic rotation to the station
NAV source on ND. and centering the CDI.
(5) PFD (14) TST
Press: Selects between normal PFD and PFD Composite Page. Press: Initiates test function of the fans of the PELICAN rack and test
(6) BARO function of the radar altimeter 50 ft test.
Rotate: Adjusts the pressure setting. The TST button should not be operated in flight.
(7) STD (may be covered at helicopters with older software
versions)
Press: Standard pressure (1013.25 hPa) or manually set value.


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4.1.6 Instrument Control Panel Copilot/Pilot Training Manual
Instrument Control Panel ICP


4.1.7 PELICAN Rack Training Manual
4.1.7 PELICAN Rack

The PELICAN rack serves as a mounting for the individual modules
of the FCDMs and for the autopilot computer (optional). It has an
integrated cooling system and comprises four 19” computer slots.
Each of the two chambers of the rack is cooled by one blower.
In the left chamber the FCDM 2 and in the right chamber the FCDM 1
is located. All the modules are secured by a locking device.
The other two slots of the PELICAN rack are for the Autopilot Module
(APM) and the Miscellaneous Flight Data Acquisition Unit (MFDAU),
in case of an installed UMS or CVFDR system.


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4.1.7 PELICAN Rack Training Manual
PELICAN Rack


4.1.8 SMD 45 H Training Manual
4.1.8 SMD 45 H 4.1.10 FCDS Color Logic

The SMD 45 H is a “smart” multifunctional color display that was The following color logic is used for the FCDS:
purpose-designed for helicopters. By means of its high resolution 4” x –– Yellow: References, markers for reading
5”-Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display (AMLCD) there is an excellent
–– White: Lines, speed, altitude, numbers of degree
legibility under all illumination conditions.
–– Cyan: Nav data (CRS included)
The SMD 45 H comprises in a line replacement unit all functions as
an interface, the data processing and the generation of graphics. If the –– Green: Nav data and upper modes with autopilot engaged
weather radar is displayed, an overlay with symbols is possible. –– Amber: Cautions
–– Red: Warnings
4.1.9 SMD 68 –– Magenta: Correct ILS mode
The SMD 68 display unit is an Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display –– Brown: DH, UL bars; 500 ft. before DH line
(AMLCD) too. It has the dimension of 6” x 8”.
The embedded generation of graphics allows the display of PFD and
ND on the same screen.
A course indication in the PFD (Composite Mode) is only possible
when receiving an ILS.
In the ND (lower part of the SMD 68), a sector mode is not possible.
The SMD 68 is able to display several formats of pictures. This allows
the display of a digital map in the full-size screen. A provision for a
terrain avoidance system is built-in (without overlay of pictures).


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4.1.10 FCDS Color Logic Training Manual
SMD 68, SMD 45 H


4.1.11 Primary Flight Display Training Manual
4.1.11 Primary Flight Display 4.1.11.5 Altitude

Barometric altitude, data come from the ADCs.
4.1.11.1 PDF Symbolism
The PFD displays the following parameters: 4.1.11.6 Pressure Setting
–– Attitude Baro pressure setting is done with a separate knob on the ICP
–– Airspeed (example 1010 hPa).
–– Airspeed tendency
4.1.11.7 Vertical Speed
–– Altitude
An analog scale with a white bar is given between +/-2000 ft/min with
–– Pressure setting a mark every 500 ft/min, together with a digital value. The display
–– Vertical speed figure is associated to 100 ft/min, e.g. “3” equals 300 ft/min.
–– AFCS information (option) Above +/-2300 ft/min only the digital numbers will change.
4.1.11.2 Attitude 4.1.11.8 AFCS Information

Each line in the roll axis means 10° bank, the dot symbolizes 45°. If an autopilot system is installed, the information about the selected
In the pitch axis, each line symbolizes 5° nose up or down, digital or pre-selected upper modes is displayed on the PFD (e.g. IAS, HDG,
number is displayed. LOC...).
4.1.11.3 Airspeed 4.1.11.9 Radar Height Indication on PFD

The airspeed is displayed in knots with a graduation every 5 knots. The radar altimeter information will be shown automatically at the PFD
The yellow lubber line shows 130 knots in this example, the VNE is on the bottom part of the artificial horizon. The time of appearance
symbolized by a red bar. depends on a control law which is described at the chapter Navigation
Display.
4.1.11.4 Airspeed Tendency
This indicator gives the airspeed predicted to be reached after 5
seconds if the acceleration remains constant.


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4.1.11 Primary Flight Display Training Manual
PFD - Normal Mode


4.1.12 Composite Mode Training Manual
4.1.12 Composite Mode

In case the ND is used to display WX/FLIR/Moving Map pictures or
is switched off due to a failure, the pilot/copilot has the possibility to
display the navigation data by selecting a composite mode.
By pressing the PFD button on the ICP a part of the lower navigation
display (ND) will be shown as a heading tape below the artificial
horizon of the PFD.
The heading tape comprises a section of 90° of the compass rose in
the ND (45° left and right of the heading reference line). This section
is marked by yellow dots in the ND.
In this mode the following is displayed additionally to the PFD:
–– Heading
–– ILS
–– Selected course
–– Deviation including To / From indication
–– NAV-Source
♦ NOTE The course pointer is only visible when the selected

course is within the displayed 90° sector.
♦ NOTE With a SMD 68 display, there is no VOR composite

mode available (ILS only).


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4.1.12 Composite Mode Training Manual
PFD Composite - VOR Symbolism


4.1.13 Page ILS (Normal ILS Philosophy) Training Manual
4.1.13 Page ILS (Normal ILS Philosophy) Cross Side Heading Tape
The page ILS appears after the selection of the mode ILS. The Fig. 04-1: Cross Side Heading Tape
following information is displayed:

–– Glide slope
–– Localizer
–– Cross side heading tape
–– Marker indication
–– ILS source
The page ILS will appear on the PFD as a backup information from
the opposite navigation source after the selection of an ILS frequency.
If the NAV source ILS is selected, the information is automatically
transferred to the PFD of the other system via a cross line talk. It is
displayed on the part below the artificial horizon and is called Cross
Side Heading Tape.
This is necessary for SPIFR, because the pilot is able to see the
information of both ILS systems on his screens (PFD, ND).
Marker indication (OM= Outer Marker, MM= Middle Marker).
♦ NOTE Marker indication on the PFD will only be possible if

an ILS frequency is selected.
♦ NOTE A separate marker receiver, which contains the

indicator, is installed in combination with Garmin
430 only.
♦ NOTE A manually selected composite mode (PFD button

depressed) overrides the automatic ILS cross line
talk.


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4.1.13 Page ILS (Normal ILS Philosophy) Training Manual
PFD Composite - ILS Symbology


4.1.14 Navigation Display Training Manual
4.1.14 Navigation Display 4.1.14.2 Decision Height (DH)

The selected decision height value is shown below on the radar
4.1.14.1 NAV Symbology altimeter scale. The decision height is connected to the radar altimeter.
The ND shows all the information necessary for navigation: A brown bar indicates the selected DH graphically. If the helicopter
–– Compass rose drops below the decision height, the letters DH appear on the PFD
(brown part of the artificial horizon), together with an audio- tone
–– Course pointer (cyan)
(optional).
–– Single and double pointer (white)
Additionally, a “pre-warning” appears 500 ft before the selected
–– Navigation source (e.g. VOR 2 108.0 MHz) decision height.
–– DME information (time to go, ground speed, distance)
–– Digital values of course 4.1.14.3 Upper Limit (UL)
–– Heading and bearing Optionally, the system can be equipped with an upper limit, which
–– GPS track indicates that the helicopter has passed a selected altitude from below.
The upper limit is typically connected to the barometric pressure and
–– Wind indication (with GPS only)
is indicated at the PFD. Optionally, the UL may be connected to the
–– Radar height radar altimeter system and can operate up to radar altimeter range
–– Decision height 2500 ft.
–– Upper limit (option)
4.1.14.4 Radar Altimeter Indication
The radar height is shown on the right side together with the RA
The radar height is displayed at the right side of the ND with a range
decision height (DH) and the upper limit (UL) (which may be found
up to 2500 ft. Above this altitude, the numeric scale disappears.
on the PFD, working then with barometric pressure). These limits are
also marked by a brown bar from the respective side. Additionally 500 Additionally the radar height is indicated digitally at the PFD on the
feet before DH, a horizontal line appears. bottom part of the artificial horizon.
With GPS installed, additionally a wind indication and the actual track The following condition (simplified) triggers the digital indication of the
are displayed. radar altitude:
In some older Garmin 430 software versions, the wind indication will Radar altitude indication at PFD = decision height + 500 ft.
only be displayed if “direct to” or an active flight plan is selected.
♦ NOTE ADF can be named ADF1 or ADF2 by AHD
configuration.


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4.1.14 Navigation Display Training Manual
NAV Symbology (Example)


4.1.15 ND NAV Symbology DME Hold Training Manual
4.1.15 ND NAV Symbology DME Hold

The DME transceiver calculates the distance (DST), the speed (“DME-
speed”), and the time to go (TTG). All this information is shown in
cyan.
As soon as the DME hold button is depressed, the NAV receiver can
be switched to a different frequency and the HOLD information is
shown in white colour.
The picture shows a 112.15 MHz DME frequency set to hold, indicated
by a white “H” in front of the frequency, the TTG, SPD, and DST. The
new VOR frequency 108.80 MHz is shown in cyan, together with the
BRG.
Depending on the helicopters equipment, DME HOLD is additionally
indicated
–– at the instrument panel (DME HOLD)
–– on the NMS (NAV page)
Pilot and copilot may select DME HOLD on NAV2 and on NAV1 with
different frequencies for navigation purposes.
♦ NOTE If NMS is selected as NAV source, no DME indication

is displayed at the ND.


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ND NAV Symbology DME Hold


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ND - Sector Symbology


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ND - ILS Symbology


4.1.16 NAV Color-Logic Training Manual
4.1.16 NAV Color-Logic

Copilot Side (ND1) Pilot Side (ND2)
Selected source: Selected source:
ILS1 (amber, because same ILS
ILS1 (amber)
selected)
ILS1 (magenta, normal ILS
ILS2 (magenta)
approach)
ILS2 (amber, because wrong
ILS1 (amber)
ILS)
ILS2 (amber, because same ILS
ILS2 (amber)
selected)
ILS2 (amber, because one ILS is VOR1 (amber, because wrong
missing) VOR)
ILS1 (amber, because one ILS is
VOR2 (cyan)
missing)
VOR1 (cyan, because normal ILS2 (amber, because one ILS
VOR use) missing)
VOR1 (amber, because same
VOR1 (amber)
VOR selected)
VOR1 (cyan, normal VOR use) VOR2 (cyan)
VOR2 (amber, because wrong ILS1 (amber, because wrong
VOR) ILS)
VOR2 (amber, because wrong VOR1 (amber, because wrong
VOR) VOR)
VOR2 (amber, because same
VOR2 (amber)
VOR selected)


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4.1.16 NAV Color-Logic Training Manual


4.1.17 PFD/ND - Warnings Training Manual
4.1.17 PFD/ND - Warnings

If there is a failure of the equipment or missing data, a red warning box
appears with a reference to the failed system.
The “i” symbolizes system 1 or 2. You will never see “i” on the display:
A loss of the Air Data Computer 1 will be displayed as ADC 1 (i=1).
Consequently the pilot can reconfigure to the other system.
Example: If the AHRS 2 fails, the display will show a red box with
AHRS 2 in red.
Due to the missing redundancy (only one AHRS operative), an amber
discrepancy is shown in addition to the red warning, as described later.
Failure indications like MISMATCH, PIN PROG or CHECK CONF
may only appear after power on and will indicate major configuration
problems of the FCDS. The system must be serviced.
♦ NOTE In case of a failure, the reconfiguration unit RCU is

the appropriate means to switch to the other system.


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4.1.17 PFD/ND - Warnings Training Manual
PFD/ND - Warnings


4.1.18 PFD/ND - Cautions and Discrepancies Training Manual
4.1.18 PFD/ND - Cautions and Discrepancies

Caution messages appear in amber e.g. ALIGNMENT for the AHRS
run-up phase. An amber caution CHECK PFD or CHECK ND is
displayed if the failed display is clearly identified. An amber caution
CHECK SMD is displayed if the failed display cannot be identified.
If there is a discrepancy of the sensors, an amber discrepancy arrow
comes up on both sides.
A discrepancy is indicated if the FCDMs detect different data from
system 1 and system 2 sensors.
Additionally, a failure of one device (red warning) implements a
discrepancy on the other system.
♦ NOTE In case of a discrepancy, the reconfiguration unit

(RCU) is the appropriate means to switch to the
other system.


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4.1.18 PFD/ND - Cautions and Discrepancies Training Manual
PFD/ND - Cautions and Discrepancies


4.1.19 Reconfiguation Unit Training Manual
4.1.19 Reconfiguation Unit
4.1.19.1 Reconfiguration of the Main Components –– ADC

In case of a sensor / module malfunction of one system, the defect Allows selecting which ADC has to be used for the display on
sensor / module can be deselected by means of the RCU. The sensor pilot and copilot sides.
/ module of the other system is then used as information source for Position N: ADC 2 for pilot, ADC 1 for copilot.
both systems. A reconfiguration message appears in amber after the
Position 1: ADC1 for pilot and copilot.
reconfiguration. Then the reconfiguration message alerts the pilot /
co-pilot which sensor was deselected. Position 2: ADC2 for pilot and copilot.
Sensors are AHRS and ADC, modules are FCDM and ICP. The
MASTER switch is used for the autopilot. –– ICP
Allows selecting which ICP has to be used for the display on
4.1.19.2 RCU Functions pilot and copilot sides.
The RCU includes the following controls: Position N: ICP 2 for pilot, ICP1 for copilot.
–– AHRS Position 1: ICP1 for pilot and copilot.
Allows selecting which AHRS has to be used for the display Position 2: ICP2 for pilot and copilot.
on pilot and copilot sides.
Position N: AHRS 2 for pilot, AHRS 1 for copilot. –– MASTER
Position 1: AHRS 1 for pilot and copilot.
Allows selecting the NAV source for the autopilot. It is
Position 2: AHRS 2 for pilot and copilot.
indicated with a box on the ND2 (pilot’s side, default) or ND1
(copilot’s side).
–– FCDM Position L: Copilot for Master Side.
Allows selecting which FCDM has to be used for the display Position R: Pilot for Master Side.
on pilot and copilot sides.
Position N: FCDM 2 for pilot, FCDM 1 for copilot. ♦ NOTE Regardless of any malfunction, the reconfiguration
Position 1: FCDM 1 for pilot and copilot. message will appear when reconfiguring.
Position 2: FCDM 2 for pilot and copilot.


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4.1.19 Reconfiguation Unit Training Manual
Reconfiguration Unit (RCU)


4.1.20 PFD/ND Indication of Warnings and Discrepancies Training Manual
4.1.20 PFD/ND Indication of Warnings and

Discrepancies
If there is a failure of the equipment or missing data, a red warning box
appears with a reference to the failed system.
Due to the missing redundancy, an amber discrepancy is shown in
addition to the red warning.
4.1.20.1 Example
A defect air data computer is shown in the manual as ADCi. It can be
ADC1 or 2, the system determines the failure source automatically
(system1 or 2).
As a consequence, a discrepancy is indicated at the pilot’s side
(and vice versa) to alert the flight crew. Consequently the pilot can
reconfigure to the other system.
If there is (only) a discrepancy between the sensors, an amber
discrepancy arrow comes up on both sides.
In case of a total black display (e.g. pilot’s side) with the red warning
FCDM2, a reconfiguration to FCDM1 enables to display all previous
information without any limitation.
After the reconfiguration, only the deselected sensor is shown in
amber and the value of the remaining sensor is shown on both sides.


B2
4.1.20 PFD/ND Indication of Warnings and Discrepancies Training Manual
PFD Warnings and Discrepancies


4.1.21 Reconfiguration Training Manual
4.1.21 Reconfiguration
On all displays, a message for the reconfiguration appears. This
message is in amber and “i” stands for system 1 or 2.
Example: ADC 1 means that ADC 1 is defect (or deselected) and the
information is taken from ADC 2 now.
The reconfiguration message does not indicate the new switch
position. It indicates which system is de-selected.
The respective warnings and discrepancies disappear after
reconfiguration and only the reconfiguration message (amber) is
visible.


B2
4.1.21 Reconfiguration Training Manual
PFD/ND - Reconfiguration Messages


4.2 Additional Equipment B2
4.2.1 Attitude and Heading Reference System AHRS Training Manual
4.2 Additional Equipment
4.2.1 Attitude and Heading Reference System 4.2.1.4 Function of the FOG
AHRS The functional principle of the FOG is an application of the Sagnac
effect, which illustrates a relative phenomenon on the basis of the
General constant speed of light.
The AHRS is a glass fiber optic aided attitude and heading reference When light is sent into a closed, circularly coiled and rotating light guide,
system of high accuracy. It measures the attitude, turning rates and a difference arises between the circulation times against and in the
acceleration of the helicopter. The attitude detectors have no moving circulation direction. This difference in circulation time is proportional
parts and are very precise in their measurements. to the rotating speed of the light guide. The closed circuit of the light
guide is formed by a fiberglass coil, the dimensions and windings of
4.2.1.1 Supplement which are selected in accordance with the required characteristics.
When the AHRU is removed, the compensation memory module is The light source of a LED is positioned outside the coils of the light
fixed to the fuselage with a security cord. The module remains to guide.
the helicopter until the new AHRU is mounted and takes over the
compensation data. 4.2.2 Magnetometer
4.2.1.2 Parts Location General

The AHRS are installed under the RH side of the helicopter cabin floor. The direction of the earth’s magnetic field is measured by the two
magnetometers and these data are sent to the respective AHRS
4.2.1.3 Function inertial units for calculation of the actual heading. The inertial unit
compensates for external influences such as drift and, from measured
Two AHRSs measure the flight attitude for further processing in the
turning rates, calculates the helicopter attitude.
autopilot computer and for viewing on the flight displays.
The direction of the earth’s magnetic field is measured by the 4.2.2.1 Free Steering Mode
magnetometer and this data is sent to the AHRS inertial unit for
Optionally, a free steering mode panel can be installed in the center
calculation of the actual heading. The inertial unit compensates for
console. The magnetometers can be disconnected from the AHRUs
external influences such as drift and, from the measured turning rates,
and the direction to magnetic north has to be adjusted manually.
calculates the helicopter attitude.


4.2 Additional Equipment B2
4.2.2 Magnetometer Training Manual
AHRS (AHRU, RMM), Magnetometer


4.3 Pitot - Static System - Air Data Unit ADU 3000/3200 B2
4.3.1 Operation Training Manual
4.3 Pitot - Static System - Air Data Unit ADU 3000/3200
4.3.1 Operation –– APM (Autopilot Module). The APM uses the ADUs input for
different modes of operation e.g. IAS, ALT, ALT.A, VS.
4.3.1.1 Input Signals –– ATC transponder via the FCDMs. The ATC requires the ADU
The static air pressure (Ps) and the total air pressure (Pt) pass via the inputs for the altitude reporting (MODE C).
hose lines of the pitot- static system to the respective ADU and are –– VEMD from ADU 2 via FCDM 2 and direct from the ADU 1.
measured by means of silicon pressure sensors. These atmospheric The CPDS uses the ADU inputs to calculate the discrete
pressures are computed and converted into electrical signals via logic signal (IAS > 55 kts) to activate HIGH NR mode.
circuits and a processor board. –– GPS receiver (e.g. CMA 3012). In case of a bad satellite
The TTPU determines the temperature of the air with a measurement constellation the GPS receiver uses the altitude aiding signal
sensor. The measurement sensor consists of a platinum element. from the ADUs to calculate the position.
The resistance of this element changes with the temperature. The –– NMS via FCDMs (e.g. CMA 3000/9000, GNS 430, GTN 750).
resulting electrical current is used by the ADUs for computation of For the wind speed calculation the NMS requires the TAS
further temperatures and TAS. input from the ADUs.
The Potentiometer BARO at the ICP (FCDS) can be used for setting
the QNH / QFE. The corresponding Air Pressure Reference Value In this process, not all flight monitoring parameters are used by the
(BCor) is sent to the ADUs for correction of the barometric height (Hc). connected systems.
4.3.1.2 Output Signals

The output signals are transmitted via ARINC 429 data bus to the
following systems:
–– FCDMs. In the FSDMs the data is prepared for indication
on the PFDs as flight monitoring parameters e.g. IAS and
baro- corrected altitude. Also air data parameters via the both
FCDMs are distributed to the other consumers using FCDM
ARINC General Purpose (GP) bus.
–– AHRUs via the FCDMs. The TAS from the ADUs is used to
compensate the acceleration induced attitude error. The baro
altitude from the ADUs is used to calculate the vertical speed.


4.3.1 Operation Training Manual
ADU 3000/3200 - Input and Output Signal


4.3.2 ADC Training Manual
4.3.2 ADC 4.3.3 Temperature Sensor for ADC

The ADU 3000/3200 air data system consists of a temperature sensor
TTPU (Total Temperature Probe Unit) and an air data computer. The General
air data computer provides data of the barometric flight altitude (ALT, The TTPU 1 and 2 are installed between the FWD access cover and
QNH/QFE, FL) the horizontal speed and vertical speed (IAS, VS). the FWD cross tube on the LH and RH side respectively.
The data from the ADC is transmitted digitally to the AHRS, (AFCS The temperature probe contains a platinum sensor covered by a glass
optional) and to the flight display system (FCDM) and are displayed tube and is sensitive against mechanical strain. The platinum sensor
on the PFD. The baro corrected altitude from the ADC is used by the changes its resistor proportional to the air temperature. Each ADC is
AHRS to calculate vertical speed (VS). In case of an AHRS failure, VS equipped with one temperature sensor. The temperature information
indication is lost as well. is used by the ADC and- depending on the helicopter’s CPDS-
For CAT A operations or for the inflight power check, helicopters with configuration- by the CPDS.
analogue instruments have the ADC 2 installed. With the help of the ADC temperature sensor, the ADC can calculate
true airspeed, computed airspeed (CAS=IAS), baro corrected altitude
♦ NOTE For interchangeability of the ADU 3000 and ADU and vertical speed.
3200 refer to the respective service bulletin.
The temperature sensor information from ADC2 is used for the true air
speed calculation which is sent to the GPS- system for calculation of
4.3.2.1 Equipment Power the wind direction.
ADC 1 is powered by the Avionic ESS Bus 1, ADC 1 is powered by the
The correct function of the ADC- temperature sensor can be checked
Avionic ESS Bus 2.
with an ARINC429 test device (e.g. ARINC LABEL 211 and 213, as
described in the maintenance manual) or by measuring the resistor
over temperature given by a calibration table.


4.3.3 Temperature Sensor for ADC B2
Training Manual
Air Data Computer, Temperature Sensor


4.3.4 Calibration Training Manual
4.3.4 Calibration 4.3.4.2 Location

To connect the calibration box to the helicopter, there are two sockets
General installed. They are located at the copilots side in the lower part of the
Calibration must be performed in accordance with the national side cover of the slanted console.
regulations. However, a calibration could be necessary after a change The sockets are allocated the following:
of a major component of the aircraft (e.g. main gearbox, engine) or of Tab. 04-2: Location
a magnetometer. AHRS 1 Socket 73 FDA
For this procedure a calibration box is connected to the helicopter and AHRS 2 Socket 83 FDA
a special test flight has to be performed. Furthermore, a fine tuning
can be performed on demand (annual check).
♦ NOTE Start flying the “8” pattern with a right turn.
4.3.4.1 Purpose
The AHRS sends signals to the FCDS to display the compass rose and ♦ NOTE The calibration procedure is aborted when:
course. To ensure that an angle deviation of the helicopter’s course - Collective securing is removed (on ground)
corresponds to the correct value [°], the output signals have to be - ADC failure in flight
calibrated. A 360° turn clockwise and counterclockwise must result in - Magnetometer failure
the same value. Therefore a ground and flight calibration of the AHRS
- Flying the “8” pattern takes longer than 4 minutes.
is necessary. The AHRU uses the RMM to store calibration data.


4.3.4 Calibration B2
Training Manual
Preparing Calibration Mode of AHRS (On Ground)


Training Manual
Calibration AHRS in Flight


Training Manual
Magnetic Sensor Calibration Unit, Connectors


4.3.5 FCDS Data Transfer Configuration Part 1 Training Manual
4.3.5 FCDS Data Transfer Configuration Part 1 –– Verify successful completion: switch ON Avionic Master
Switches 1 and 2 again and check message CONSISTENT
Procedure after “new FCDM installed” or “new display CONFIGURATION.
installed” –– Verify display’s normal operation mode:
–– RCU: all switches in norm position, MASTER to R switch off Avionic Master Switches 1 and 2, switch VEMD
–– Install new FCDM on FCDM 1 slot and/ or install new display, OFF 1 OFF 2;
see note. switch on VEMD 1 and 2 again, switch on Avionic Master
–– Power up helicopter and collective lever down and locked. Switches 1 and 2:
–– Switch ON Avionic Master Switches 1 and 2 (=activate check the correct display of the operational pages on PFDs
FCDMs). and NDs.
–– Enter CPDS maintenance mode (4 buttons).
–– Check message INCONSISTENT CONFIGURATION ♦ NOTE Data transfer is only possible from FCDM 2 to FCDM
1 and/or the displays (PFD, ND). If FCDM 2 (master)
UPDATE SYSTEM FROM FCDM 2
has to be replaced and the helicopter’s installed
WITH ID xxxxxxx configuration is still valid, insert the “old” FCDM 1
Y/N PRESS UP/DOWN ON ICP 2 (which “knows” the correct configuration) on FCDM
EXIT: SYSTEM POWER OFF 2 - slot and the new dummy loaded FCDM card on
the FCDM 1 slot.
–– Carefully check the configuration ID you are going to upload.
If o.k. press UP on ICP 2 (only there!).
–– Check message CONFIRM UPDATE, Y/N: PRESS UP/ ♦ NOTE If a computer is connected to the FCDM maintenance
DOWN ON ICP 2. connector and the connection via RS485 is valid,
the FCDS displays show the message SYSTEM
–– Press UP on ICP 2 (only there!) a second time.
SLAVED.
–– Check message CONFIGURATION IN PROGRESS.
–– Wait for data transfer (up to 2min).
–– Check message CONFIGURATION COMPLETED.
–– Exit FCDS by switching off Avionic Master Switches 1 and 2.


4.3.5 FCDS Data Transfer Configuration Part 1 B2
Training Manual
FCDS Data Transfer Configuration 1


4.3.6 FCDS Data Transfer Configuration Part 2 Training Manual
4.3.6 FCDS Data Transfer Configuration Part 2 (3) Verification of FCDS Maintenance Mode
–– Enter FCDS maintenance mode and check message
(1) Enter FCDS Maintenance Mode:
–– Switch OFF Avionic Master Switches 1 and 2. CONSISTENT CONFIGURATION and COMMON ID XXX.
–– Enter CPDS Maintenance Mode:
(4) Exit FCDS Maintenance Mode
Press OFF 1, OFF 2.
Exit FCDS Maintenance Page
Press SCROLL and RESET simultaneously, hold.
–– Switch OFF Avionic Master Switches1 and 2
Press OFF 1 and OFF 2 simultaneously
Release keys after message RELEASE KEYS appears. (message: EXIT: SYSTEM POWER OFF).
–– switch ON Avionic Master Switches1 and 2. Exit CPDS Maintenance Mode
–– switch OFF VEMD 1 and 2.
♦ NOTE FCDS Maintenance Mode is an automatic result of
the previous selected CPDS Maintenance Mode in (5) Verification of Normal Mode
Ground Mode (=collective down and locked). –– Check the correct display of the operational pages on PFDs
and NDs (CPDS in normal mode, Avionic Master Switches
(2) Update System from FCDM 2 1 and 2 ON).
Follow the instructions of the screen:
–– press UP on ICP 2 (only!), the message CONFIRM UPDATE
appears [as long as the same identifier reference (=FBLx-
software version) is detected], then press UP on ICP 2 a
second time:
CONFIGURATION IN PROCESS appears until it changes to
CONFIGURATION COMPLETED (appr. 1-2 min).
This is done automatically if a PC is connected: all data will be
transferred to all devices automatically. Check message on PC
UPLOAD SUCCESSFUL.


4.3.6 FCDS Data Transfer Configuration Part 2 B2
Training Manual


4.3.7 FCDS Possible Failure Messages Training Manual
4.3.7 FCDS Possible Failure Messages

Tab. 04-3: FCDS Possible Failure Messages
Inconsistent Match configuration

configuration file on on-board (no PC
the displays/FCDMs necessary) L316xxxx
MISMATCH or first power up not in Ensure collective down
GROUND MODE and locked and restart
FCDS.
One device of the Exchange Parts, Install
FCDS has the wrong correct PN e.g. FBL3
part number or wrong and FBL4
CHECK CONF software configuration. Load/ upload new
configuration file
(possible at FBL4 and
from software V640)
Hardware Fault: Wiring Check pin coding:
or Plug connections to connections from SMDs
the SMD damaged. to ground terminal
PIN PROG
blocks or check FCDM
and PELICAN rack
connections.
♦ NOTE Further failures and procedures are described in

the Aircraft Maintenance Manual chapter “FCDS
troubleshooting”.


4.3.7 FCDS Possible Failure Messages B2
Training Manual

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04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 1

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 2

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 3

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

Reference Planes ATA 06 Engine Turbomeca ARRIUS ATA 71

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 4

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

Intentionally left blank

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 5

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

4.1 Flight Control Display System FCDS

General 4.1.2 Components

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 6

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 7

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

4.1.3 Power Supply

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 8

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

Overhead Console (Example)

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 9

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

4.1.4 FCDS System

4.1.4.1 Parts Location

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 10

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

FCDS - Locations EC135

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 11

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

4.1.5 FCDS Block Diagram (simplified) 4.1.5.5 Air Data Computer

4.1.5.4 Attitude and Heading Reference System

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 12

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

FCDS Block Diagram (simplified)

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 13

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

4.1.6 Instrument Control Panel Copilot/Pilot (8) POS

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 14

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

Instrument Control Panel ICP

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 15

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

4.1.7 PELICAN Rack

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 16

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 17

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

4.1.8 SMD 45 H 4.1.10 FCDS Color Logic

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 18

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

SMD 68, SMD 45 H

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 19

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic

4.1.11 Primary Flight Display 4.1.11.5 Altitude

4.1.11.2 Attitude 4.1.11.8 AFCS Information

4.1.11.3 Airspeed 4.1.11.9 Radar Height Indication on PFD

For instruction only Iss. July 2018 04 – 20

04 – FCDS EC135 Classic