absorbed

<Ferrous
-&

[Fest Ferric
-

GIN DSL 2 25 (
form Fa
SRA -
-

1. O
Which of the following statements best describes iron in its metabolism?
enhanced econvert non theme iron

A. Absorption is hampered by ascorbic acid. to be

- -
form that can
.
a
absorbed
B. It is used for the synthesis of cytochromes.
C. It is transported in the blood in the form ofDe
ferritin. transferrin
D. It is stored as O
transferrin in reticuloendothelial cells.
Answer is B ↳ Ferritin
2. Which of the following statements best describes the role of mineral
nutrients?

A.
B.
micromineral
Copper is an essential constituent of haemoglobin.
-

Magnesium supports the antioxidant properties of vitamin E.

X iron
- activate enzyme involved
L protect cells from oxidative
involves

Bits
vitamined
interaction with
f
C. Calcium absorption in the intestine is dependent on vitamin E. stress .

calcium
protein
birding
D. Chromium enhances the effectiveness of insulin on carbohydrate
- regulatory rore

metabolism. chormones Tespid 3 protein

Answer is D
3. One of the presenting symptoms of vitamin C deficiency is bleeding gum.
This symptom is caused by a defective production of which of the following?

A. Collagen
B. Prothrombin
C. Phospholipid
D. γ-Carboxyglutamate
Answer is A wound repair (require synthesis of fresh collagen) is slow
:
.

4. Deficiency of vitamin B6 often results in an inability to synthesise serotonin

from tryptophan.T Which of the following reactions requires vitamin B6 as
cofactor in its reaction? 3 substitutes of
pyridoxine
Epyridoxal
pyridines
pyridoxamine

A. Decarboxylation & transamination

B. Hydroxylation
C. Deamination
D. Oxidation
Answer is A
5. Vitamin D is essential to regulate calcium homeostasis. What is the role of
Eacitriol
vitamin D when the plasma calcium level is low?
eabsorption :
intestine (transporter)
A. It reduces calcium resorption from the bone. reabsorption Kidney
-> :

B. It decreases calcium reabsorption from the kidney. resorption bowl -> :

C. It increases calcium absorption from the intestine.

D. It increases calcium excretion from the kidney.
Answer is S
6. Vitamin C is important in the antioxidant capabilities of vitamin E. What is -

the role of vitamin C in this action?

-
Tocophen
Ascorbic aciel

*
Tocopheroxyl free radicals formed reacts

A. It is essential in the conjugation of free radicals. with it .

C to regenerate tocopherol

B. It assists in breaking down free radical chain reaction.

 C. It is involved in the regeneration of tocopheroxyl free radicals.
D. It helps in transferring phenolic hydrogen to a peroxyl free radical.
Answer is
7. Which of the following parameters is used to assess liver function test?

A. Urea nitrogen
B. Creatine phosphate
C. Serum albumin
D. Acid phosphatase
Answer is
8 Which of the following compounds is the precursor of bile acid synthesis?

A. Glutamic acid
B. Glucose
C. Cholesterol
D. Glycerol
Answer is
9. Which of the following statements correctly describes the metabolism of
bile acids?

A. The liver synthesizes deoxycholic acid as a primary bile acid.

B. Secondary bile acids are not absorbed via the enterohepatic circulation.
C. secondary bile acids are produced by the deconjugation and
dehydroxylation of primary bile acids.
D. conjugation of bile acids with glycine decreases its polarity.
Answer is

SEQ
1. (a) Using a diagram, explain the biochemical role of non haem iron (NHI) in the electron
transport chain.
(b) Enumerate FOUR functions of calcium in the body.
Answer:

(1a)

(1b)
 2. Using a diagram, outline the steps in the Citric acid cycle that use NAD and FAD as
coenzyme. State the name of the enzyme involved in each step.
Answer

3. (a) Discuss the role of Vitamin K as a coenzyme in activating blood coagulating factors.
(b) Explain the biochemical action of warfarin to reduce blood coagulation in patients
at risk of thrombosis.
Answer:
(3a)

(3b)

4. Explain (a) bilirubin conjugation (b) and its excretion in the body.

(4a)

(4b)