Nevid CH15 TB

Total Assessment Guide
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

Learning Objective Multiple Choice 1, 2, 3
Introduction
True-False 108, 109, 110, 111,
112, 113, 114
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
15.1 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16
True-False
Essay 167
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 22, 23 21
15.2 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34
True-False 115, 116, 117, 118,
119, 120, 121, 122,
123
Essay 168, 169
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46 45
15.3 40, 41, 44
True-False 124, 125, 126, 127,
128, 129
Essay 171 170, 172
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
15.4 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 61,
62, 63, 64, 65, 66
True-False 130, 131, 132, 133,
134, 135, 136, 137,
138, 139, 140, 141,
142
Essay 173 174, 175
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 67, 76, 77, 87, 88, 90,
15.5 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 91
80, 81, 82, 83, 84,
85, 86, 89, 92, 93
True-False 143, 144, 145, 146,
147, 148, 149, 150,
151, 152, 153, 154,
155
Essay 176, 177 178, 180 179
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
15.6
True-False 156, 157, 158
Essay 181
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 100, 101, 102, 103, 99
15.7 104, 105, 106, 107
True-False 159, 160, 161, 162,
163, 164, 165, 166
Essay 182
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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15
Abnormal Psychology and the Law
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. ______ attempted to assassinate Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords.
a. John Hinckley c. James Earl Ray
b. Jared Loughner d. Theodore Bundy
ANSWER: B
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 562
Topic: Introduction
Learning Objective: Introduction
Skill: Factual
2. Appearing before a U.S. district court, Jared Loughner was found to be ________.
a. clinically depressed c. competent to stand trial
b. suffering from schizophrenia d. incompetent to stand trial
ANSWER: D
Topic: Introduction
Skill: Factual
3. The formal determination of Jared Loughner’s mental status at the time of the shooting he committed
was__________.
a. never determined because he later pled guilty to the charges
b. severe depression with psychotic features
c. paranoid schizophrenia
d. brief psychotic disorder
ANSWER: A
Level of Difficulty (1-3): M2 Page: 563
Topic: Introduction
Skill: Factual
4. People who are placed in psychiatric institutions because they show abnormal behaviors and are deemed to be a
threat to themselves or others are committed through a process of ______ commitment.
a. voluntary c. criminal
b. institutional d. civil
ANSWER: D
Topic: Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment
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Learning Objective: 15.1
Skill: Factual
5. Psychiatric commitment is the same as ______ commitment.

ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
6. The legal process of placing a person in a mental institution, even against his or her will, is known as ______
commitment.
a. civil c. criminal
b. voluntary d. institutional
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
7. When an individual seeks admission to a mental hospital for treatment of his or her own volition, it is known as
______ hospitalization.
a. civil c. criminal
b. voluntary d. institutional
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
8. Someone who is in a mental hospital because of ______ can leave the hospital whenever she or he desires.
a. civil commitment c. criminal commitment
b. voluntary hospitalization d. any type of commitment or hospitalization
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
9. People who are placed in psychiatric institutions because they were acquitted of a crime by reason of insanity
are committed through a process of _______ commitment.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
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10. The legal process of confining a person found not guilty by reason of insanity in a mental institution is called
______.
a. social commitment c. civil commitment
b. criminal commitment d. institutional commitment
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
11. People must be judged ______ to be psychiatrically (civilly) committed.

a. unable to care for their own needs
b. mentally ill, but not necessarily dangerous
c. dangerous to themselves or others but not necessarily mentally ill
d. mentally ill and dangerous to themselves or others
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
12. The Supreme Court ruled in Addington v. Texas that individuals can be hospitalized involuntarily if they are
______.
a. mentally ill and dangerous to others
b. mentally ill and dangerous to themselves
c. mentally ill and dangerous to themselves or others
d. dangerous to themselves or others
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
13. It was not until ______ that the United States Supreme Court ruled that persons must be judged both "mentally
ill" and a clear and present danger to themselves or others before they may be involuntarily hospitalized.
a. 1919 c. 1959
b. 1939 d. 1979
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
14. The court case in which the court found that individuals must be judged to be both mentally ill and to present a
clear and present danger to themselves or others to be involuntarily hospitalized was ______.
a. Youngberg v. Romeo c. Wyatt v. Stickney
b. O'Connor v. Donaldson d. Addington v. Texas
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Factual
15. One of the most vocal and persistent critics of civil commitment statutes has been ______.
a. Hans Eysenck c. Egas Moniz
b. Fritz Perls d. Thomas Szasz
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
16. Thomas Szasz, whom the text describes as stridently opposed to the entire concept of civil commitment, was a
______.
a. clinical psychologist c. social worker
b. psychiatrist d. attorney
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
17. Mental health professionals tend to ______ dangerousness in mental health patients.
a. refuse to predict c. accurately predict
b. underpredict d. overpredict
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
18. Which statement is true about the prediction of dangerousness by mental health professionals?
a. Psychological assessment allows clinician to be very accurate in their predictions of
dangerousness.
b. They tend to underpredict dangerousness.
c. They err on the side of caution in predicting dangerousness.
d. They tend to not label individuals as dangerous when they are dangerous.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
19. Both the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association have gone on record
stating that ______ can reliably predict violence among those they treat.
a. neither psychologists nor psychiatrists
b. psychologists, but not psychiatrists
c. psychiatrists, but not psychologists
d. both psychologists and psychiatrists
ANSWER: A
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Skill: Factual
20. Clinical predictions of dangerousness are generally less accurate than ______.
a. relatives’ predictions
b. a layperson’s predictions based on evidence of past violent behavior
c. police predictions based on observation
d. neighbors’ predictions based on interactions
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
21. Margot, a college senior who majors in criminology, fancies herself as skilled in predicting dangerousness when
she reads case histories of teenage thieves. Which piece of information would be most instrumental in
enhancing Margot’s accuracy in predicting violence?
a. Victimized by sexual abuse as a child c. Engaged in past violence
b. No father in the home d. Degree of introversion
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
22. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Past violent behavior may not be the best predictor of future violent behavior.
b. Clinicians, because of their specialized training, possess a special knowledge and ability for
predicting violence that goes far beyond that of the average person.
c. Hospital staff are always permitted access to criminal records that would reveal past violent
behavior.
d. Some critics believe that “dangerousness” should be dropped as a criterion for civil commitment.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
23. Which of the following is a factor cited to account for the inability of professionals to predict dangerousness?
a. Recognizing violent tendencies after a violent incident is easier than predicting it beforehand.
b. Violent acts like murder and assault are so common that it is difficult to sort out who will and who
won’t commit such acts.
c. There is consistency among experts for defining the criteria for violent or dangerous behavior.
d. Generalized perceptions of violent tendencies often predict specific acts of violence.
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
24. The “base-rate problem” refers to ______.

a. the large number of people with potentially dangerous mental health problems
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b. the shortage of trained professionals to thoroughly evaluate people with serious mental health
problems
c. the shortage or properly equipped facilities to treat people with serious mental health problems
d. the relative difficulty of making predictions of infrequent or rare events
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
25. Predictions of dangerousness based on clinical judgments of psychologists and psychiatrists ______.
a. are less accurate than predictions based on chance alone
b. are no more accurate than predictions based on chance alone
c. are more accurate than predictions based on chance alone, but less accurate than evidence based
on evidence of past violent behavior
d. are more accurate than predictions based on chance alone or evidence of past violent behavior
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
26. Incorrectly failing to predict the occurrence of a problematic behavior is known as a(n) ______.
a. inherent negative bias c. false negative
b. inherent positive bias d. false positive
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
27. Incorrectly predicting the occurrence of a problematic behavior is known as a(n) ______.
a. inherent negative bias c. false negative
b. inherent positive bias d. false positive
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
28. In predicting dangerousness, clinicians tend to have an excess of ______.

a. true positives c. false positives
b. true negatives d. false negatives
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
29. In psychotherapy, threats of violence are likely to be ______.

a. directed at the therapist
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b. clear and specific
c. directed at a member of the patient’s family
d. vague and nonspecific
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
30. Which of the following types of threats is the MOST reliable indicator of dangerousness?
a. A vague, indirect threat c. A vague, direct threat
b. A specific, indirect threat d. A specific, direct threat
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
31. When a potentially violent patient is being released from the hospital, what is considered the best predictor of
future violence?
a. Quality of behavioral control in the hospital community
b. Quality of behavioral control when the patient lived in the general community
c. Quality and quantity of the patient’s individual psychotherapy while hospitalized
d. Quality and quantity of the patient’s group psychotherapy while hospitalized
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
32. The case of Larry Hogue involves ______.

a. the difficulties in trying to predict dangerousness
b. the political problems involved in the "duty to warn"
c. how to balance the rights of the individual with the rights of society
d. how to evaluate one's competency to stand trial
ANSWER: C
Topic: Thinking Critically about Abnormal Psychology: What Should We Do About the “Wild Man of
West 96th Street”?
Skill: Factual
33. The likelihood of violence in people with serious psychiatric problems is increased by ______.
a. lengthy hospitalization c. substance abuse
b. financial problems d. extent of I.Q. over 100
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
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34. A mental health professional should be particularly alarmed about potential violence if a schizophrenic person
reports experiencing ______.
a. command hallucinations c. delusions of grandeur
b. auditory hallucinations d. delusions of persecution
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
35. The confidentiality of a client’s communication to a psychotherapist is ______.

a. absolute
b. only breached when the therapist has a duty to warn
c. the therapist’s privilege to handle at his or her discretion
d. limited by certain conditions
ANSWER: D
Topic: A Closer Look: The Duty to Warn
Skill: Factual
36. The case that established the legal basis for a therapist’s duty to warn was the ______.
a. Jones case c. Durham case
b. Tarasoff case d. M’Naghten case
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
37. The Tarasoff ruling occurred in ______.

a. 1966 c. 1986
b. 1976 d. 1996
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
38. The Tarasoff ruling was made by ______.

a. the U.S. Supreme Court c. the California Supreme court
b. a Texas court d. the North Carolina Supreme court
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
39. In the Tarasoff case, Poddar’s therapist ______.

a. ignored his threat to kill Tatiana Tarasoff
b. informed the campus police that he was dangerous
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c. informed Tatiana Tarasoff’s parents that he wanted to kill their daughter
d. informed only his colleagues of his concern about his dangerousness
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
40. The outcome of Poddar’s criminal trial was that he ______.

a. served a sentence for manslaughter and returned to India
b. was convicted of murder and is serving a life sentence
c. was convicted of murder and was executed
d. was acquitted by reason of insanity
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
41. In the Tarasoff case, the court ruled that a therapist ______.
a. has a duty to warn an intended victim if during therapy a client makes statements indicating that
he or she poses a serious threat to that potential victim
b. has a duty to contact police if during therapy a client makes statements indicating that he or she is
a threat to the health and safety of others
c. cannot disclose confidential statements made during therapy sessions, even to warn someone of a
threat against them, unless the client has a previous history of violence towards others
d. cannot disclose confidential statements made during therapy sessions, even to warn someone of a
threat against them
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
42. The Tarasoff ruling places the therapist’s duty to warn in direct conflict with ______.
a. the duty to heal c. principles of competency to stand trial
b. principles of confidentiality d. judgments of legal sanity or insanity
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
43. Which of the following is a reason why the Tarasoff decision may increase the risk of violence?
a. Clients may be less willing to confide in their therapists and therefore have built up feelings of
anger and resentment that may be discharged more readily into the community.
b. Clients may be more likely to act out their violent impulses on therapists rather than on the
original intended victims.
c. Potentially violent people may be less likely to enter therapy.
d. Therapists are more likely to decline the referral of any client dealing with a romantic break-up or
conflicted relationships.
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ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
44. The Tarasoff ruling recognized that the rights of the _______.
a. psychotherapy client are as important as those of the intended victim
b. psychotherapy client are already specified in state and national laws
c. intended victim outweigh the rights of confidentiality
d. intended victim cannot impact the sanctity of the psychotherapy session
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
45. During the middle of a psychotherapy appointment, Jason confesses to Dr. Hill that he is going to kill his
girlfriend because she is talking about breaking up. “If I can’t have her, nobody can have her,” Jason angrily
stated. According to ______, Dr. Hill must ______.
a. Wyatt v. Stickney; honor his agreement of confidentiality with Jason
b. Tarasoff v. Regents of the Regents of the University of California; honor his agreement of
confidentiality with Jason
c. Wyatt v. Stickney; warn Jason’s girlfriend about the threat to her life
d. Tarasoff v. Regents of the Regents of the University of California; warn Jason’s girlfriend about
the threat to her life
ANSWER: D
Skill: Applied
46. Aside from threat of violence, another murky area where therapists must balance confidentiality with duty to
warn obligations is in treating people who ______.
a. are unfaithful to their spouses
b. have committed crimes like burglary or drug sales
c. have disclosed issues about sexual harassment to the therapist
d. have not disclosed that they are HIV-positive to their partners
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
47. Which classic movie featured abuses in the mental health system?
a. Come Back Little Sheba c. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest
b. Mr. Roberts d. Ship of Fools
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
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48. The federal court case of ______ established a minimum standard of care in psychiatric hospitals.
a. Marbury v. Madison c. O’Connor v. Donaldson
b. Lamson v. Alabama d. Wyatt v. Stickney
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
49. Ricky Wyatt, the lead plaintiff in Wyatt v. Stickney, had ______.
a. schizophrenic c. an intellectual disability
b. manic depressive d. sociopathic
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
50. In the case that established minimum standards of care for mental patients, the federal court required that mental
hospitals must provide which of the following?
a. Restitution to patients who had been previously mistreated.
b. A humane psychological and physical environment.
c. The right for the patient to use her own bedding and to decorate the room she is residing in.
d. Choice in terms of when the patient wants to eat and the types of available foods.
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
51. In O’Connor v. Donaldson, Kenneth Donaldson had originally been committed to a psychiatric hospital by
______.
a. the police c. his brother
b. his son d. his father
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
52. In O’Connor v. Donaldson, Kenneth Donaldson had lived in a state psychiatric hospital for ______ without
needing or obtaining treatment before his lawsuit.
a. 5 years c. 14 years
b. 9 years d. 19 years
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
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53. The case of ______ established certain patient rights, including the right not to be required to perform work that
is for the sake of maintaining the facility.
a. Addington v. Texas c. Wyatt v. Stickney
b. O’Connor v. Donaldson d. Tarasoff v. Regents of UC
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
54. The court case in which the court decided that “mental illness [alone] cannot justify a State’s locking a person
up against his will and keeping him indefinitely in simple custodial confinement” was ______.
b. O’Connor v. Donaldson d. Addington v. Texas
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
55. Which of the following is listed in the “Patient’s Bill of Rights” established by the federal court?
a. Patients have a right to suitable opportunities to interact with the opposite gender.
b. Patients have a right to bring their own bed linens and furniture to the hospital setting.
c. Patients have a right to refuse any treatment which they find objectionable.
d. Patients have a right to regular exercise and to spend time in the community at their leisure.
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
56. Which of the following is listed in the “Patient’s Bill of Rights” established by the federal court?
a. Patients have the right to community entertainment such as shopping, movies, and cultural events.
b. Patients shall never be kept in restraints or isolation.
c. Patients have a right to visitation and telephone privileges.
d. Patients shall not be expected to participate in their treatment plan.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
57. When Kenneth Donaldson sued a Florida state mental hospital for failing to provide treatment for him during 14
years of confinement, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the state has ______.
a. a right to involuntarily confine a person for mental illness even if that person poses no danger and
could safely survive in the community
b. a right to involuntarily confine a person in a mental hospital if the person is dangerous, even if that
person is not mentally ill
c. no right to involuntarily confine a person who is dangerous unless the person is proven to be
mentally ill
d. no right to confine a person for mental illness unless that person poses a clear and present danger
or cannot safely survive in freedom
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ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
58. The case of a man with a profound intellectual disability who was kept in restraints in a Pennsylvania state
hospital because he kept injuring himself was ______.
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
59. The court case in which the court ruled that patients have a right to training to help them function free of
restraints, but only when that training can be provided in reasonable safety, is ______.
b. O’Connor v. Donaldson d. Addington v. Texas
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
60. The U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in ______ included an opinion that judges and juries should not ordinarily
second guess mental health professionals.
a. Rogers v. Orkin c. O’Connor v. Donaldson
b. Addington v. Texas d. Youngberg v. Romeo
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
61. In a 1979 Massachusetts court case, the court ruled that hospitalized mental patients have ______.
a. a right to refuse medication in any situation
b. a right to refuse medication except when it is an emergency in which the patients' behavior poses
physical risks to themselves or others
c. a right to refuse only medications deemed by the court to be "high-risk" medications
d. no right to refuse medications that their caregivers deem a necessary and appropriate part of
treatment
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
62. The court case in which the court ruled that committed patients cannot be forcefully medicated except in
emergency situations is ______.
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a. Rogers v. Okin c. Wyatt v. Stickney
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
63. In the 1979 case of Rogers v. Okin, the court ruled that ______ has a right to exercise bad judgment within
certain broad limits.
a. neither a patient with a mental illness nor one without a mental illness
b. a patient with a mental illness, but not a patient without a mental illness
c. a patient without a mental illness, but not a patient with a mental illness
d. a patient with or without a mental illness
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
64. Legal protections ensuring patients’ rights to refuse psychiatric treatments appear to have had ______ on
mental-health services or the people receiving these services.
a. few damaging or disruptive effects
b. few disruptive effects, although there have been some seriously damaging effects
c. few damaging effects, although there have been some seriously disruptive effects
d. serious long-term damaging and disruptive effects
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
65. About ______ percent of patients refuse medication.

a. 10 c. 30
b. 20 d. 40
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
66. ___________ of patient refusals to take medication are overridden by the courts.
a. Very few c. None
b. All d. The great majority
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
67. In the Hinckley case, the prosecutor was burdened to demonstrate beyond a reasonable doubt that __________.
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a. the concept of insanity has never been adequately proven and should not factor into the verdict
b. Hinckley did not have capacity to control his behavior and appreciate its wrongfulness.
c. Hinckley had the capacity to control his behavior and appreciate its wrongfulness.
d. Hinckley had never exhibited any psychological problems before the assassination attempt and
therefore his attempt had malevolent intentions.
ANSWER: C
Topic: The Insanity Defense
Skill: Conceptual
68. John Hinckley’s trial for attempting to assassinate President Reagan resulted in a decision that Hinckley was
______.
a. guilty and sentenced to life in prison
b. guilty and sentenced to 10 years in prison
c. guilty and sentenced to 25 years in prison
d. not guilty by reason of insanity
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
69. The public perception of the insanity plea is that it is ______ and ______ successful.
a. rarely used; rarely c. rarely used; highly
b. widely used; rarely d. widely used; highly
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
70. The insanity defense is used in ______ percent of all felony cases.
a. less than 1 c. about 4
b. about 2 d. about 8
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
71. The public ______ the proportion of defendants acquitted based on insanity and ______ the length of
hospitalization of those who are confined.
a. underestimates; underestimates c. overestimates; underestimates
b. underestimates; overestimates d. overestimates; overestimates
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
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72. People acquitted by reason of insanity ______.
a. must go to prison as soon as they are cleared by a psychiatric hospital
b. are often confined to mental hospitals for longer periods than they would have spent in prison
c. usually have tricked the jury
d. are underestimated in frequency by the public
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
73. As an aftermath of the Hinckley verdict, many states changed their statute to ______.
a. eliminate the insanity defense
b. limit the insanity defense to cases of schizophrenia and profound mental retardation
c. place greater burden of proof on the defense
d. place greater burden of proof on the prosecution.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
74. A person receiving a “guilty but mentally ill” verdict in a criminal trial will receive ______.
a. jail time but no extra treatment for mental illness
b. hospitalization in lieu of jail time
c. hospitalization until cured, and will then serve the remainder of their sentence in jail
d. imprisonment, but will receive treatment for their illness while serving their sentence
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
75. The “guilty but mentally ill” verdict was a reaction to ______.
a. the Tarasoff decision c. John Hinckley’s acquittal
b. the trial of James Earl Ray d. Andrea Watts’s conviction
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
76. Overall, the guilty but mentally ill verdict ______.

a. has proven to be completely unworkable and is likely to be eliminated in most states at some point
in the near future
b. is a social experiment that has failed to prove its usefulness
c. is viewed as a major step forward in helping juries and judges find an appropriate sentence in
cases in which the insanity plea is used
d. has proven to be a panacea, virtually eliminating most problems associated with the use of the
insanity defense
ANSWER: B
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Skill: Conceptual
77. Society has long held to the doctrine of ______ as a basis for determining responsibility for wrongdoing.
a. informed consent c. free will
b. let the buyer beware d. social duty
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
78. In modern law, there is (are) ______ major court ruling(s) that bear on the insanity defense.
a. one c. five
b. three d. seven
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
79. Which of the following is a major case that bears on the insanity defense?
a. The 1975 O’Connor v. Donaldson case c. The 1976 Tarasoff ruling
b. The 1982 Youngberg v. Romeo case d. The 1954 Durham v. United States case
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
80. In an 1834 Ohio case, the court ruled that ______.

a. patients have the right to refuse medication under certain conditions
b. people do not bear criminal responsibility for their acts if they are unable to tell right from wrong
c. people cannot be held responsible if they are compelled to commit criminal actions because of
impulses they are unable to resist
d. people cannot be hospitalized against their will unless they present a clear and present danger to
themselves or others
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
81. In 1843, Daniel M’Naghten intended to assassinate the prime minister of England, ______.
a. Benjamin Disraeli c. Sir Randolph Churchill
b. Sir Robert Peel d. William Gladstone
ANSWER: B
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Skill: Factual
82. Daniel M’Naghten killed ______.

a. the prime minister of England c. the Archbishop of Canterbury
b. a policeman d. a secretary
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
83. In the trial of Daniel M’Naghten, he claimed that he wanted to kill the prime minister because ______.
a. of the devastating effects of British imperialism
b. the prime minister was having an affair with M’Naghten’s wife
c. the voice of God told him to kill the prime minister
d. he lost his job and blamed the prime minister
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
84. The M’Naghten rule holds that a person does not bear criminal responsibility for an act when ______.
a. the act was driven by impulses the person was unable to resist
b. the act was the product of mental disease or mental defect
c. under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of the offense
d. the person was unable to tell right from wrong
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
85. The court case in which the court ruled that a jury must decide not only if a person was mentally ill, but if the
mental illness was the cause of the person’s criminal behavior was ______.
a. Youngberg v. Romeo c. Durham v. United States
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
86. The effect of the Durham case was to compel juries to have to decide if ______ when committing a criminal
act.
a. a person was driven by irresistible urges
b. a mental illness was the cause of a person’s behavior
c. a person was under the influence of drugs or alcohol
d. a person was unable to tell right from wrong
ANSWER: B
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Skill: Factual
87. The intent of the Durham case was to ______.

a. set a precedent for allowing the insanity defense in North Carolina
b. recognize a “guilty but mentally ill” defense
c. reject the irresistible impulse and “right–wrong” principles as outmoded
d. allow psychiatrists and psychologists to offer expert testimony in criminal cases
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
88. The Durham rule became unworkable for which of the following reasons?
a. Juries could not determine at what point “irresistible” impulses became irresistible.
b. A lack of precise definitions of such terms as “irresistible impulse” made it difficult for juries to
interpret the law.
c. It proved difficult for juries to draw conclusions as to whether a person’s “disease” had caused his
or her criminal behavior.
d. It has forced jury selections to focus only on potential jurors who have had extensive coursework
in psychology.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
89. By 1972, the Durham rule was replaced in many jurisdictions by ______.
a. the M’Naghten rule
b. the American Law Institute guidelines
c. the social responsibility principle
d. Jones rule
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
90. The key phrase added by the American Law Institute related to the insanity defense is ______.
a. “irresistible impulse” c. “incompetent to stand trial”
b. “guilty but mentally ill” d. “substantial capacity”
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
91. In dealing with the insanity defense, jurors must cope with which of the following challenges?
a. Limiting media bias by avoiding national and local news during the course of the trial.
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b. Deciding if the defendant was mentally incapacitated at the time of the crime.
c. Ascertaining whether the M’Naghten standard or the Durham standard should apply.
d. Determining if the client understands if his or her acts were wrong.
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
92. Which of the following is an argument of Thomas Szasz in relationship to the insanity defense?
a. It directs attention away from the social ills that may motivate crimes.
b. The insanity defense allows real criminals to fake their way into mental hospitals where they are
not effectively punished for their actions.
c. All people who break criminal laws should be evaluated for the presence of mental illness.
d. The insanity defense serves to protect the lives of the mentally ill.
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
93. Thomas Szasz argues that the insanity defense has historically been invoked to ______.
a. highlight crimes that were particularly heinous or committed against those of high social rank
b. protect those of high social rank from prosecution for the crimes they have committed
c. provide a platform for politicians to "grandstand" over issues that have previously been ignored by
the public
d. confirm stereotypes that the rich and famous are eccentrics who are not like the rest of us
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
94. Michael Jones, the subject of Jones v. the United States, was acquitted of ______ by reason of insanity.
a. rape c. kidnapping
b. murder d. petty larceny
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
95. Michael Jones, the subject of Jones v. the United States, was diagnosed with ______.
a. bipolar disorder c. profound mental retardation
b. paranoid schizophrenia d. antisocial personality disorder
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
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96. In the Jones case, the United States Supreme Court ruled that ______.
a. persons found to be insane cannot be institutionalized for periods longer than the jail sentence they
would have received if found guilty for the offense of which they were accused
b. there is a necessary correlation between the severity of a criminal offense and the amount of time in
which a person found to be insane can be institutionalized because of that offense
c. persons found to be insane must go to jail if they are "cured" and released from a mental institution in a
period that is shorter than the sentence they would have received if found guilty of the offense for
which they were accused
d. there is no correlation between the severity of a criminal offense and the amount of time for which a
person found to be insane can be institutionalized because of that offense
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
97. In the Jones case, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a person found “not guilty by reason of insanity”
can be institutionalized ______.
a. only until they are “well"” enough to serve the remainder of their sentence in jail
b. only for a period of time equal to the amount of time they would have spent in jail if found “guilty” for
the offense
c. only for a period of time up to twice the amount of time they would have spent in jail if found “guilty”
for the offense
d. indefinitely, until such time that the person has regained legal sanity or is no longer a danger to society
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
98. Court rulings have established that criminal defendants who are found not guilty by reason of insanity and
committed to a mental hospital may ______ than the time they would have served in jail had they been
convicted of the crime.
a. not be released sooner or later c. be released later, but not sooner
b. be released sooner, but not later d. be released sooner or later
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
99. A defendant who is unable to understand the charges and proceedings brought against him or her in a criminal
action is said to be ______.
a. incoherent c. guilty but mentally ill
b. incompetent to stand trial d. not guilty by reason of insanity
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
100.In the case of ______, the United State Supreme Court ruled that a person cannot be kept in a mental hospital
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awaiting trial longer that it would take to determine if treatment was likely to restore competency.
a. Cummings v. Arkansas c. Jackson v. Indiana
b. Lindsay v. Maryland d. Royal v. Ohio
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
101.If a person is ruled unlikely to ever develop adequate competency to stand trial in a criminal case, that person
must ______.
a. go to trial and plead “not guilty by reason of insanity”
b. be released from confinement
c. either be released from confinement or committed to a mental institution under the civil
commitment procedures
d. either be released from confinement or committed to a mental institution under the criminal
commitment procedures
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
102.Under the Jackson standard, some states have imposed a minimum length of treatment before acknowledging
that a defendant ______.
a. should be released back to the public
b. is competent to stand trial
c. is permanently incompetent
d. needs an evaluation by a mental health professional who is not a state employee
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
103.In the 1992 Medina case, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the burden of proof for determining
competence to stand trial lies with the ______.
a. defendant c. court-appointed expert
b. prosecution d. jury
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
104.In the case of ______, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the burden of proof in determining
competency lies with the defendant.
a. Walters v. Indiana c. Lawrence v. Rhode Island
b. Washington v. Oregon d. Medina v. California
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Factual
105.In Sell v. United States, the United States Supreme Court ruled that ______.
a. competency to stand trial would be based on the results of a structured behavior interview scale
b. a panel of three court-appointed psychiatrists who would not serve as expert witness in the case
would advise the judge on competency issues
c. incompetence to stand trial would be limited to mentally retarded citizens
d. a defendant could be involuntarily medicated to restore competency to stand trial
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
106.In the case of ______, the United States Supreme Court ruled that mentally ill defendants could sometimes be
forcibly medicated to render them competent.
a. Sell v. United States c. Diaz v. United States
b. Brown v. United States d. Shetrone v. United States
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
107.The Sell decision may result in ______.

a. increased use of the incompetency defense
b. people coming to trial whose trials had been delayed by incompetency issues
c. less use of expert witnesses in determining competency
d. treatment in private rather than public psychiatric hospitals for those who have been declared
incompetent
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
True-False Questions
108.Civil commitment is identical to voluntary hospitalization.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
109.Civil commitment is also called psychiatric commitment.
ANSWER: T
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Skill: Factual
110.People can be psychiatrically committed because they are eccentric.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
111.Szasz argues that the label of mental illness is a societal invention which transforms social deviance into
medical illness.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
112.People can be committed to psychiatric facilities because of odd behavior.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
113.Addington v. Texas found in order for individuals to be hospitalized involuntarily, they must be judged both to
be mentally ill and to present a clear and present danger to themselves or others.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
114.The United States is the only country that permits involuntary psychiatric hospitalization.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
115.Clinicians tend to overpredict the dangerousness of their clients.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
116.Psychologists and other mental-health professionals are quite accurate when it comes to predicting
dangerousness of the people they treat.
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ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
117.Classification within a diagnostic category that is associated with aggressive or dangerous behavior, such as
antisocial personality, is sufficient for predicting specific violent acts in individuals.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
118.Psychologists and other mental health professionals can rely on their clinical judgment to accurately predict the
dangerousness of their patients.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
119.Predictions of dangerousness based on hospital behavior tend to generalize to community settings.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
120.Short-term predictions of violence are more accurate than longer term predictions.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
121.The potential for violence is heightened in people with serious psychiatric disorders when they abuse alcohol or
other drugs.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
122.Certain symptoms are associated with a greater risk of violence among schizophrenia patients—symptoms such
as delusions of persecution and antisocial behavior.
ANSWER: T
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Skill: Factual
123.Fewer than 10% of violent crimes are linked to psychological disorders.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
124.A 1976 court ruling in California in Tarasoff v. the Regents of the University of California established the legal
basis for the therapist’s duty to war.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
125.The Tarasoff ruling only applies to the citizens of Texas.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
126.Information provided to a therapist by a client is protected by rules of absolute confidentiality.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
127.Therapists are not obligated by state laws to breach confidentiality, even to warn intended victims of threats of
violence made against them by their clients.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
128.The courts have ruled that the rights of an intended victim are outweighed by a client’s rights to confidentiality.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
129.Therapists may not disclose confidential information about clients to third parties, even when their clients
threaten violence to the third parties.
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ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
130.The state has an obligation to provide adequate treatment for people who are involuntarily confined to its
psychiatric hospitals.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
131.According to a precedent-setting legal case in Alabama, patients in mental hospitals may be required to perform
general housekeeping duties for the purpose of maintaining the facility.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
132.Unless there is danger or inappropriateness to a treatment program, psychiatric hospital patients have a right to
wear their own clothes rather than uniforms.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
133.The state has the right to indefinitely confine people who are mentally ill even if they pose no immediate danger
to themselves or others and can live safely on their own.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
134.Involuntarily admitted patients in mental hospitals have always had the right to refuse medications.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
135.Court rulings have established that hospitalized mental patients do not have the right to refuse medication.
ANSWER: F
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Skill: Factual
136.One of the Patient’s Bill of Rights is no more than six patients shall be housed in a room, and screens or
curtains must be provided to afford a sense of privacy.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
137.One of the Patient’s Bill of Rights is patients have rights to humane and decent living conditions.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
138.One of the Patient’s Bill of Rights is patients have rights to regular exercise and to opportunities to spend time
outdoors.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
139.One of the Patient’s Bill of Rights is patients have rights to Internet and cable access 24 hours per day.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
140.In most cases where patients refuse treatment, the courts have sided with the patients during the review process.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
141.The right of committed patients to refuse psychotropic medications was tested in a 1979 case, Rogers v. Oki.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
142.In practice, relatively few patients—perhaps only about 25%—refuse medication.
ANSWER: F
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Skill: Factual
143.In the Hinckley case, the prosecution had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Hinckley was sane, once he
used the insanity defense.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
144.An attempt to assassinate the president of the United States was seen by millions of television viewers, but the
would-be assassin was found not guilty by a court of law.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
145.In the aftermath of the Hinckley verdict, many states have changed their statutes to shift the burden of proof
onto the prosecution to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant claiming insanity is sane.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
146.The insanity defense is used in many cases, and usually successfully.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
147.In states that have adopted it, the "guilty but mentally ill" verdict has substantially reduced the number of "not
guilty by reason of insanity" verdicts.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
148.The insanity defense has a long legal history.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
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149.Three major modern court rulings bear on the insanity defense.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
150.The M’Naghten rule holds that people do not bear criminal responsibility if, by reason of a mental disease or
defect, they either have no knowledge of their actions or are unable to tell right from wrong.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
151.The Durham ruling on insanity is the cornerstone of modern guidelines regarding use of the insanity defense.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
152.The intent of the Durham rule was to reject as outmoded the two earlier standards of legal insanity: the
irresistible impulse rule and the right–wrong principle.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
153.The Durham ruling has proven to be unworkable.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
154.Repeated criminal behavior is not sufficient, by itself, to establish a mental disease or defect that might relieve
an individual of criminal responsibility.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
155.Few people with psychotic features commit violent crimes, and even fewer commit murder.
ANSWER: T
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Skill: Factual
156.The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled that persons acquitted of crimes by reason of insanity
constitute a special class who should be treated differently from civilly committed individuals.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
157.People who are found not guilty of a crime by reason of insanity may remain confined to a mental hospital
indefinitely—for many years longer than they would have been sentenced to prison, if they had been found
guilty.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
158.Customary sentences that the law provides for crimes have no bearing on criminal commitment.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
159.A defendant can be held competent to stand trial but still be judged not guilty of a crime by reason of insanity.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
160.The insanity defense places special burdens on juries.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
161.A 1992 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Medina v. California, held that the burden of proof for
determining competency to stand trial lies with the defendant, not the state.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
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162.In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court held in the case of Sell v. United States that mentally ill defendants could be
forcibly medicated to render them competent to stand trial.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
163.There is a basic rule of law that says that those who stand accused of crimes must be able to understand the
charges and proceedings brought against them and be able to participate in their own defense.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
164.It is possible for a defendant to be held competent to stand trial but still be judged not guilty of a crime by
reason of insanity.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
165.More people are confined to mental institutions for being incompetent to stand trial than for being found not
guilty by reason of insanity.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
166.In the case of Jackson v. Indiana, it was determined a person cannot be kept in a mental hospital awaiting trial
longer than it would take to determine whether treatment was likely to restore competency.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
Essay Questions
167.Compare the various types of commitment and hospitalization. Explain why some people are critical of the
entire psychiatric hospitalization process and system.

Skill: Factual
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168.Summarize the research concerning the problems of psychologists and other professionals who are given the
task of attempting to predict dangerousness.

Skill: Applied
169.List and describe at least six factors that lead to inaccurate predictions about people becoming violent.

Skill: Applied
170.Explain the effects of the Tarasoff case on helping professionals’ duty to warn third parties of threats posed by
clients.

Skill: Applied
171.Discuss some of the conflicts involved in requiring helping professionals to warn third parties of threats.

Skill: Conceptual
172.Explain how the Tarasoff decision may inadvertently increase the risks of violence when applied to clinical
practice.

Skill: Applied
173.Discuss legal developments concerning patients’ right to treatment.

Skill: Factual
174.Discuss legal developments concerning the right to refuse treatment. Cite the 1979 case, Rogers v. Okin, and
details of this case, in your discussion of the issues.

Skill: Conceptual
175.List and describe at least five of a patient’s rights from the Patient’s Bill of Rights under Wyatt v. Stickney.
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Skill: Conceptual
176.Discuss how John Hinckley’s trial and ultimate verdict of not being guilty by reason of insanity initiated
dramatic changes within the U.S.’s legal system concerning the insanity defense.

Skill: Factual
177.Discuss the history of the legal bases of the insanity plea. Include the “irresistible impulse” and inability to tell
if one’s actions were “right” or “wrong” in your essay.

Skill: Factual
178.Discuss the "guilty but mentally ill" verdict. Provide details on the controversy surrounding this verdict and
assess its effectiveness.

Skill: Conceptual
179.Discuss the problems the insanity plea creates for jurors.

Skill: Applied
180.Discuss Thomas Szasz’s assertion that the insanity plea is degrading to the defendant.

Skill: Conceptual
181.Discuss problems in determining the term of commitment for perpetrators who are found insane.

Skill: Applied
182.What is meant by the phrase “competency to stand trial”? Discuss potential abuses for the clients involved in
the trial. Summarize the 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case Jackson v. Indiana as it applies to this topic.

Skill: Conceptual
1201
REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS
EOC Q15.1
Jasper is acquitted of a crime by reason of insanity and is placed in a psychiatric institution for
treatment. This is an example of __________.
a) criminal commitment
b) civil commitment
c) psychiatric commitment
d) involuntary hospitalization
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the difference between civil commitment and criminal
commitment.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q15.2
Prior to the Supreme Court ruling of __________, people were often committed to psychiatric
institutions even if their behavior did not pose a present threat to themselves or others.
a) O’Connor v. Donaldson
b) Addington v. Texas
c) Sell v. United States
d) Jackson v. Indiana
Answer: b
commitment.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
1202
EOC Q15.3
Civil commitment in a psychiatric hospital usually requires that a relative or professional

__________.
a) accompany the committed person to the hospital

b) demonstrate proof of health care insurance for the committed person
c) file a petition with the court
d) file a police incident report
Answer: c
commitment.
Skill Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
EOC Q15.4
Which of the following individuals would be most likely to endorse this statement? “Civil
commitment and the loss of liberty cannot be justified in a free society.”
a) Tatiana Tarasoff
b) Thomas Szasz
c) Kenneth Durham
d) Wyatt Addington
Answer: b
commitment.
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EOC Q15.5
Dr. Johnson was wrong when he predicted that his patient would not physically abuse his wife.
This is an example of a __________.
a) false positive
b) true negative
c) true positive
d) false negative
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 15.2 Evaluate the ability of mental health professionals to predict
dangerousness.
Skill Level: Apply
EOC Q15.6
Among schizophrenia patients, the risk of violent crime is greater in those with symptoms of
__________,
a) delusions of persecution
b) visual hallucinations
c) language impairment
d) negative emotions
Answer: a
dangerousness.
Skill Level: Analyze
1204
EOC Q15.7
Both the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association have
made formal statements that professionals in their respective organizations __________.
a) are unable to reliably predict violent behavior

b) are very accurate at predicting violence
c) are able to reliably predict violent behavior, but only after 10 or more years of
training
d) should be disciplined for making inaccurate predications of violence
Answer: a
dangerousness.
EOC Q15.8
Laith is a hospitalized patient who has refused medication. Usually in cases like Laith’s, after an
independent review panel rules against the patient, a __________ makes the final decision as to
whether a patient may be forcibly medicated.
a) legally appointed guardian

b) judge
c) mental health specialist
d) jury
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 15.3 Define the duty to warn and evaluate the dilemma it poses for
therapists.
Skill Level: Apply
1205
EOC Q15.9
Who was involuntarily confined to a Florida state mental hospital without treatment for 14 years
even though he posed no threat to himself or others?
a) Ricky Wyatt
b) Nicholas Romeo
c) Kenneth Donaldson
d) John Citizen
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 15.4 Identify major court cases establishing the rights of mental patients.
EOC Q15.10
In the case of __________, the Supreme Court ruled involuntarily committed patients have a
right to be confined in less-restrictive conditions, such as being freed from physical restraints,
whenever possible.
a) Durham v. United States

b) Wyatt v. Stickney
c) Rogers v. Okin
d) Youngberg v. Romeo
Answer: d
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EOC Q15.11
The __________ held that a person does not bear criminal responsibility for an act if by reason
of a mental defect or disease the individual does not have knowledge of his actions or is unable
to tell right from wrong.
a) Durham rule
b) GBMI verdict
c) Jones v. United States ruling
d) M’Naghten rule
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 15.5 Describe the history of the insanity defense, citing specific court cases
and the guidelines proposed by the American Law Institute.
EOC Q15.12
The __________ rule required juries to determine whether a defendant suffered from a mental
disease or defect and that this mental condition was causally connected to the criminal act.
a) Jones
b) Jackson
c) Sell
d) Durham
Answer: d
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EOC Q15.13
Michael Jones (Jones v. United States), arrested in 1975 for __________, was diagnosed with
paranoid schizophrenia and was kept hospitalized for about __________ until he was judged
competent to stand trial.
a) arson; 2 months
b) manslaughter; 4 months
c) petty larceny; 6 months
d) assault with a deadly weapon; 8 months
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 15.6 Describe the legal basis for determining length of criminal
commitment.
EOC Q15.14
The ruling in Jones v. United States implies that the principle of criminal commitment is based
on the idea that the length of an individual’s confinement after an acquittal by reason of insanity
should be determined by __________.
a) the person’s mental state

b) the person’s legal defense team
c) the extent of the harm the person caused
d) a panel of expert witnesses
Answer: a
commitment.
1208
EOC Q15.15
In 1972, in the case of __________, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a person could not be
kept in a mental hospital waiting for trial longer than it would take to determine whether
treatment was likely to restore competency.
a) Jackson v. Indiana
b) Medina v. California
c) Addington v. Texas
d) Durham v. United States
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 15.7 Describe the legal basis for determining competency to stand trial.
EOM Q15.1.1
In the 1979 case of Rogers v. Okin, the courts ruled that committed patients have the right to
refuse medication, except __________.
a) when the patient may be a danger to themselves or others

b) when a legal guardian requests that the medication be administered
c) when the patient is diagnosed with a severe mood disorder
d) when the patient is over the age of 21
Answer: a
EOM Q15.1.2
The legal process of placing someone in a psychiatric facility against his or her will is called
__________.
a) institutionalization
b) civil commitment
c) psychiatric hospitalization
d) criminal commitment
Answer: b
commitment.
Difficulty: Easy
1209
EOM Q15.1.3
In emergency situations in which people are deemed a present threat to themselves or others,
__________ can authorize immediate hospitalization for a period of up to __________ hours
until a formal commitment hearing can be held.
a) the court; 72
b) a police officer; 84
c) a spouse; 96
d) a member of the immediate family; 100
Answer: a
commitment.
EOM Q15.1.4
The relative difficulty of making predictions about infrequent or rare events is known as
__________.
a) the base-rate problem

b) a false positive
c) a false negative
d) the serendipity issue
Answer: a
dangerousness.
1210
EOM Q15.1.5
When attempting to predict violent tendencies in people, the observation that identifying causes
of violent behavior after the fact is much easier than predicting it beforehand is referred to as the
__________.
a) post hoc problem

b) problem in leaping from the general to the specific
c) base-rate problem
d) de-facto problem
Answer: a
dangerousness.
EOM Q15.1.6
The duty-to-warn provision in __________ recognized that the rights of the intended victim
outweigh the rights of confidentiality toward the client.
a) Rogers v. Okin
b) Tarasoff v. the Regents of the University of California
c) O’Connor v. Donaldson
d) Youngberg v. Romeo
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 15.3 Define the duty to warn and evaluate the dilemma it poses for
therapists.
1211
EOM Q15.1.7
Which case ruled that patients in mental hospitals do not have to perform work to maintain the
treatment facility?
a) O’Connor v. Donaldson
b) Wyatt v. Stickney
c) Rogers v. Okin
d) Tarasoff v. the Regents of the University of California
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q15.2.1
The general public __________ the proportion of defendants who are acquitted based on the
insanity defense and __________ the length of confinement in a mental institution after using the
insanity defense.
a) underestimates; overestimates
b) underestimates; underestimates
c) overestimates; underestimates
d) overestimates; overestimates
Answer: c
Learning Objective: The Insanity Defense
EOM Q15.2.2
Persons convicted under the “guilty-but-mentally-ill” statute usually __________.
a) receive shorter than typical prison sentences for their crime

b) go to prison, but receive treatment while incarcerated
c) are criminally committed to a mental hospital
d) go to a mental hospital until they are cured, and then are remanded to a prison
Answer: b
1212
EOM Q15.2.3
The doctrine of free will, as applied to criminal responsibility, states that people can only be held
responsible for an act if they are in control of their actions __________.
a) at the time they planned the act

b) and they are not intoxicated when they act
c) at the time they committed the act
d) without the assistance of medication
Answer: c
EOM Q15.2.4
Samantha has a history of schizophrenia that is marked by delusions of persecution. She is on

trial for murdering her husband, who she feels was an agent of the devil and out to harm the
president. The jury must establish whether or not she lacks the substantial capacity to be aware
of the law or can adapt her behavior to the law. The jury is using the __________ to make this
determination.
a) 1834 Ohio case

b) M’Naghten rule
c) Youngberg v. Romeo ruling
d) American Law Institute guidelines
Answer: d
Skill Level: Apply
1213
EOM Q15.2.5
In the case of __________, the Supreme Court ruled that persons who are criminally committed
can be confined to mental institutions until they regain sanity and are no longer a danger to
themselves or others.
a) Addington v. Texas
b) Jones v. United States
c) Jackson v. Indiana
d) Sell v. United States
Answer: b
commitment.
EOM Q15.2.6
In the case of Medina v. California, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the burden of proof for
determining competency to stand trial lies with __________.
a) the judge
b) the prosecution
c) the defendant
d) the state
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q15.2.7
Defendants who __________ are more likely than those without this characteristic to be judged
as incompetent to stand trial.
a) suffer from a psychotic disorder

b) argue with the judge
c) suffer from a mood disorder
d) have a weak social support system
Answer: a
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Nevid CH15 TB

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Nevid CH15 TB

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Total Assessment Guide

Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

5. Psychiatric commitment is the same as ______ commitment.

11. People must be judged ______ to be psychiatrically (civilly) committed.

22. Which of the following statements is true?

24. The “base-rate problem” refers to ______.

28. In predicting dangerousness, clinicians tend to have an excess of ______.

29. In psychotherapy, threats of violence are likely to be ______.

32. The case of Larry Hogue involves ______.

35. The confidentiality of a client’s communication to a psychotherapist is ______.

37. The Tarasoff ruling occurred in ______.

38. The Tarasoff ruling was made by ______.

39. In the Tarasoff case, Poddar’s therapist ______.

40. The outcome of Poddar’s criminal trial was that he ______.

65. About ______ percent of patients refuse medication.

76. Overall, the guilty but mentally ill verdict ______.

80. In an 1834 Ohio case, the court ruled that ______.

82. Daniel M’Naghten killed ______.

87. The intent of the Durham case was to ______.

107.The Sell decision may result in ______.

109.Civil commitment is also called psychiatric commitment.

110.People can be psychiatrically committed because they are eccentric.

112.People can be committed to psychiatric facilities because of odd behavior.

115.Clinicians tend to overpredict the dangerousness of their clients.

119.Predictions of dangerousness based on hospital behavior tend to generalize to community settings.

123.Fewer than 10% of violent crimes are linked to psychological disorders.

125.The Tarasoff ruling only applies to the citizens of Texas.

126.Information provided to a therapist by a client is protected by rules of absolute confidentiality.

142.In practice, relatively few patients—perhaps only about 25%—refuse medication.

146.The insanity defense is used in many cases, and usually successfully.

148.The insanity defense has a long legal history.

153.The Durham ruling has proven to be unworkable.

160.The insanity defense places special burdens on juries.

Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 563

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173.Discuss legal developments concerning patients’ right to treatment.

Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 571

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179.Discuss the problems the insanity plea creates for jurors.

Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 577

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Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 578

Level of Difficulty (1-3): 3 Page: 579

Civil commitment in a psychiatric hospital usually requires that a relative or professional

a) accompany the committed person to the hospital

a) are unable to reliably predict violent behavior

a) legally appointed guardian

a) Durham v. United States

a) the person’s mental state

a) when the patient may be a danger to themselves or others

a) the base-rate problem

a) post hoc problem

Persons convicted under the “guilty-but-mentally-ill” statute usually __________.

a) receive shorter than typical prison sentences for their crime

a) at the time they planned the act