VERBAL COMMUNICATION ACROSS CULTURE

1. Verbal communication
- Set of rules
 Symbol
- Symbols: Words, actions, objects
- Rules of a language: how to spell, grammar,…
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
- Culturally based “way of speaking”
- Lang shapes our reality, perspectives (derterminism)
VD: Trái đất xoay quanh mặt trời
- Ppl speak diff langs  have diff world views (relativism)
VD: word “snow” in some countries (như 1 só nước châu á k có tuyết)
- Linguistic Relativism:
+ variations in Vocab: từ “noodles”  mì, pho, bún,miến,,,
+ variations in Linguistic Grammars:
+ not necessarily equivalent
- Linguistic determinism: influence the way think, concept..
VD: chỉ 1 từ cũng có thể làm thay đổi cách người khác nghĩ
2. Moving between langs (transfers)
Transfer/Interlanguage
- Negative transfer: lang pattern or rule leads to error or inappropriate form
- Positive trans: make lang easier
Pidgin and Creole:
 Code switching
 Mixed code / code mixing

VERBAL COMMUNICATION AND INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE

Seeking ways to explain diffs across culture
- Convergence:
- Maintenance:
- Divergence