STEM Project

1- Gravitational Concepts
Universal Law of Gravitation: Central to understanding gravitational interactions,
stating that every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to the
product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between their centers.
Gravitational Fields: The manifestation of the gravitational force that a mass
extends into the space around itself, influencing other masses.
Force of Gravity: The force experienced by a mass within a gravitational field.
Weight: The force of gravity acting on an object's mass.
Apparent Weight: How heavy an object appears to be, which can vary in different
gravitational fields or conditions of acceleration.
Weightlessness: A condition where no gravitational force is felt, e.g., in free fall or
orbit.
Projectile: An object upon which the only force acting is gravity.
Orbit: The path an object follows as it moves around another object under the
influence of gravity.

2- Electrostatic and Electric Field Concepts

Coulomb’s Law: Describes the electrostatic force between two point charges,
stating it is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Electrostatic Force: The force of attraction or repulsion between static (stationary)
electric charges.
Point Charge(s): An idealized model of a charge in a negligibly small volume.
Electric Fields: A vector field around a charged object where a force would be
exerted on other charges.
Uniform Electric Field: A region where the electric field is constant in magnitude
and direction.
Test Charge: A small charge placed in an electric field to measure its strength and
direction.
Direction of Field: Defined from positive to negative charge for electric fields.

3- Electric Potential Concepts

Electric Potential Energy: The potential energy a charge has due to its position in
an electric field.
Electric Potential: The electric potential energy per unit charge at a point in space.
Electric Potential Difference (Voltage): The difference in electric potential
between two points, which causes charge to move.
Voltage: A synonym for electric potential difference, measured in volts.
Electric Field: The space around charged particles where electric forces can be
exerted; related to electric potential by the fact that electric fields are gradients of
the electric potential.
Electrostatic Force: Influences the electric potential energy of charges within the
field.
Charge: The property of matter that causes it to experience a force in an electric
field.
4- Magnetic Concepts
Magnetic Field: A field produced by moving electric charges (like those in a
current) or by magnetic materials, which affects other currents and magnetic
materials.
North Pole and South Pole: The two ends of a magnet where the magnetic field is
strongest.
Attraction: The force that pulls opposite magnetic poles together.
Repel: The force that pushes like magnetic poles apart.
Magnetic Force: The force a magnetic field exerts on a moving charge or another
magnet.
Conductor: A material through which charge can move freely, affected by
magnetic fields when carrying a current.
Charge: Though not directly related to the magnetic field, moving charges are the
source of all magnetic fields.
Right-Hand Rules: A set of conventions to determine the direction of the magnetic
field, force on a current, or motion of a charge in relation to a magnetic field.