#Chapter 1:

1. Scalar Quantity: have magnitude but no direction.

2. Victor Quantity: have magnitude and direction.
3. Distance: the Path length between the initial and final position.
4. Displacement: the shortest distance between initial position to final position. “Unit /
meter (m)”
5. Speed: it is how fast an object moves.
6. Velocity: it is the rate of change of displacement with time.
7. Instantaneous Velocity Or Simply Velocity: is the speed of an object at a Particular
moment in time.
8. Acceleration: it is the time rate of change of velocity of an object.
9. Force: is any influence that causes an object to accelerate.
10. Momentum: is the product of its mass and its velocity.
11. Mass: it is the amount of matter in an object.
12. Weight: it is the Pull of gratuity on that object (its force).
13. Torque: it is the cross product of the Position Vector and the applied force.
14. Inertia: it is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion .
15. Uniform speed: object moves equal distance in equal time interval.
16. Non-Uniform speed: object moves unequal distance in equal interval of time.
17. Newton’s First Law (law of inertia): An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an
object in motion tends to stay in motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it.
18. Newton’s Second Law: The force acting on an object is proportional to the
product of the mass of the object and its acceleration.
19. Newton’s 3rd Law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
20. Friction: is the force resisting /opposing the relative motion of solid
surfaces/elements, fluid layers, and other material elements sliding against each
other.
21. Dry friction: Dry friction resists the relative motion of two solid surfaces in contact with
each other. (static and kinetic)
22. Fluid friction : This occurs between two fluid layers that are moving relative to each
other.
23. Lubricated friction : Lubricated friction is a friction where a fluid separates two solid
surfaces.
24. static friction: When applied a force to pull the block towards left then friction is
directed towards right, exactly balancing the force.
25. kinetic friction: When magnitude of applied force is more than the static friction then
the block accelerates leftward as the block ‘breaks away’ its contact with tabletop.

#Chapter 2:
1. Periodic motion: it is a motion which is regularly repeated in equal Periods of time.
2. Fundamental Time Period: it is the regular interval of time after which the periodic
motion.
3. Oscillatory motion: A body moves to and fro motion along the Same Path, without
any change in shape the body.
4. Simple Harmonic motion: is a special type of particle moves to and fro repeatedly
about mean position under a restoring force.
5. Potential Energy: The energy stored in the body due to its position or energy can be
 associated with the configuration of a system of objects that exert force on one
another.
6. Hooke's Law: states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by
some distance is proportional to that distance.
7. Energy: is the capacity to do work, measured in joules (J)
8. Kinetic energy: is the energy associated with the state of motion of an object.
9. damped oscillations: oscillations whose amplitude reduce with time are.
10. Undamped oscillations: In oscillations, if the amplitude doesn't change with time.

#Chapter 3:
1. Conductors: Materials that easily conduct electrical current .Characterized by one
Valence electron and the electron can easily be freed.”
2. Insulators: Materials that don't conduct electrical current. “Valence electrons are
tightly bound to the atom.”
3. Semiconductors: Materials that are between conductors and insulators in ability to
conduct. “Electrical current they can alt as Conductors or insulators”
4. Energy Band: The range of different energy levels of electrons.
5. Valence band : The range of different energy levels of the valence electrons.
6. Conduction band: The range of different energy levels of the free elections.
7. Forbidden band: The gap between Valence band and conduction band.
8. Electric Field: A region around a charged Particle or object which a force would be
exerted on other charged particles or objects.
9. Magnetic Field: The area around a magnet in which there exists a magnetic force.
10. Magnetic flux density: The magnetic flux per unit cross-sectional area of the field.
11. Reluctance: a measure of the opposition offered by a magnetic circuit to the setting
up of magnetic flux.
12. Permeability: The ability of the magnetic material to allow the magnetic flux to Pass
through it.
13. Valence electrons: are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
14. 1 eV: is defined as energy gained by an electron when it has been accelerated by a
potential difference of 1 V.
15. semiconductor diode: To bias a PN junction an external dc source is connected
across it. They are two types of biasing a PN junction- Forward Bias and Reverse
Bias.
16. The cutting voltage or knee voltage: is the voltage where the current starts to
increase heavily in forward bias condition.
17. Reverse breakdown voltage: is the voltage that occurs in reverse bias when the
junction breaks down.
18. Peak inverse voltage: is the maximum reverse voltage that can be safely applied
across the diode.
19. Ohm’s law: The current produced in a conductor is directly proportional to the
voltage across the conductor and inversely proportional to the resistance.
20. magnetic flux(ϕ): The total lines of force in a magnetic field.
21. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction: The emf induced in an electric circuit
is proportional to the rate of change of flux linking the circuit.
22. Photon: A piece of energy, has no mass, moves at the Speed of the light, acts like a
particular, has momentum.

#Chapter 4:
1. Deformation: Change in Shape or size the body.
2. Elastic Deformation: Defamation where the body regains its original shape when a
 deforming face is removed.
3. Plastic Deformation: Deformation that Reverently changes the shape of the body.
4. Young's Modulus: It is the modulus associated with tensile and compressive
stresses.
5. Shear Modulus: The force vector lies in the plane of the area rather than
perpendicular to it.
6. Bulk Modulus: The force vector is normal force to all the forces