DERIVING EQUATION OF MOTIONS OF SDOF

Consider a spring mass system

Equation of motion is 𝑚 ẍ + 𝑘 𝑥 = 0
(This equation is linear homogenous second order of differential equation.)
𝑘
»ẍ+ 𝑥=0 » ẍ + ω2𝑛 𝑥 = 0
𝑚

This equation is standard differential equation for a single degree of freedom

system having free vibration.
The standard solution for this differential equation is
» 𝑥 = 𝐴 sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝐵 cos 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 (displacement equation)
» ẋ = 𝐴𝜔𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 − 𝐵𝜔𝑛 sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 (velocity equation)
A & B are unknown quantities. The position of mass of block at a time t = 0,
x = xo , and ẋ = 0. Putting these values in above equation, we get
» x = xo cos 𝜔𝑛 t
FREQUENCY & PERIOD OF VIBRATION
Time period of oscillatory motion is T = 2π/ 𝜔𝑛
Natural frequency in hertz is the inverse of time period i.e. fn = 1/T = 𝜔𝑛 /2π
Amount of deflection or static equilibrium δ = mg/k

𝑘Τ 𝑚𝑔 𝑔
Circular frequency is 𝜔𝑛 = 𝑚 = =
𝛿𝑚 𝛿

1 𝑔
Thus fn =
2𝜋 𝛿
Example: Obtain the free response of equation ẍ + 64x = f(t)

a) in the form of 𝑥 = 𝐴 sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝐵 cos 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 and

b) in the form of 𝑥 = 𝑅 sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + ϕ

If the initial condition are x(0) = 0.05 m and ẋ(0) = - 0.3 m/sec. Calculate the frequency, period of vibration

and amplitude of motion?

Solution: Part a) » 𝑥 = 𝐴 sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝐵 cos 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 (displacement equation)

» ẋ = A 𝜔𝑛 cos 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 - B 𝜔𝑛 sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 (velocity equation)

Put t = 0 & x(0) = 0.05 in displacement equation » B = 0.05
0.3
Put t = 0 & ẋ(0) = - 0.3 in velocity equation » A = - 0.3/𝜔𝑛 = -
8

𝜔𝑛 = 𝑘Τ = 64Τ =8
𝑚 1

0.3
Hence the equation is 𝑥 = − sin 8𝑡 + 0.05 cos 8𝑡
8
 0.3
Solution: Part B) » 𝑥 = − sin 8𝑡 + 0.05 cos 8𝑡
8

Now convert this equation in the form of 𝑥 = 𝑅 sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + ϕ

2 −0⋅3 2
So amplitude of motion R = 0.05 + = 0.062
82

0.05 −0.3
sin ϕ = = 0.806 cos ϕ = = - 0.605
0.062 0.062 ∗ 8

» ϕ = 2.214 rad
Hence the equation is 𝑥 = 0.062 sin 8𝑡 + 2.214