INTERNAL TRANSPORT AND CIRCULATION not be able to breathe, feed itself, bring nutrients to its

different parts, and maintain homeostasis (stable state) of its

Objective: Explain how materials are transported around the internal environment.
body, especially in mammals
Internal transport in plants uses xylem and phloem.

In biology, an internal transport system enables an organism to
move particles into its body and within its body. This system
also enables the organism to remove the unwanted particles
from within its body. Without such system, the organism will
not be able to breathe, feed itself, bring nutrients to its
different parts, and maintain homeostasis (stable state) of its
internal environment.
Open circulatory systems: Systems in which a body cavity
or hemocoel contains most of the circulating fluid, as in
insects.
 The pumping action of a heart drives fluid forward
through an aorta, then through a series
of arteries. No veins exist; used blood seeps
into sinuses that drain into the hemocoel.

Internal transport in plants uses xylem and phloem.
Open circulatory systems: Systems in which a body cavity
or hemocoel contains most of the circulating fluid, as in
insects.
 The pumping action of a heart drives fluid forward
through an aorta, then through a series
of arteries. No veins exist; used blood seeps
into sinuses that drain into the hemocoel.
Closed circulatory systems: Systems in which blood is
contained everywhere in vessels, as in all vertebrates.
 The heart may have 2 to 4 chambers. The heartbeat
originates from a pacemaker at the sinoatrial
node. Highest pressure, at maximum contraction, is
called systole; lowest pressure is called diastole.
 In mammals, the right atrium pumps oxygen-poor
blood from the body's tissues into the right
ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary
arteries into the lungs. The left atrium meanwhile
pumps oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left
ventricle, which pumps it through the aorta for
distribution throughout the body.
 Arteries carry blood from the heart to the body's
tissues.
Closed circulatory systems: Systems in which blood is
contained everywhere in vessels, as in all vertebrates.
 The heart may have 2 to 4 chambers. The heartbeat
originates from a pacemaker at the sinoatrial
node. Highest pressure, at maximum contraction, is
called systole; lowest pressure is called diastole.
 In mammals, the right atrium pumps oxygen-poor
blood from the body's tissues into the right
ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary
arteries into the lungs. The left atrium meanwhile
pumps oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left
ventricle, which pumps it through the aorta for
distribution throughout the body.
 Arteries carry blood from the heart to the body's
tissues.
 Veins return the blood from the body's tissues back to
the heart. Valves in veins prevent the blood from
flowing backward.
 Vertebrate blood is always red because of the oxygen-
carrying pigment hemoglobin, carried in red blood
cells (erythrocytes).

Thus, the circulatory system transport materials throughout the

 Veins return the blood from the body's tissues back to
body. Nutrients, water, and oxygen are transported to the
the heart. Valves in veins prevent the blood from
billions of body cells and wastes such as carbon dioxide are
flowing backward.
carried away or removed from the body.

 Vertebrate blood is always red because of the oxygen-

carrying pigment hemoglobin, carried in red blood
cells (erythrocytes).

Thus, the circulatory system transport materials throughout the

body. Nutrients, water, and oxygen are transported to the
billions of bodies cells and wastes such as carbon dioxide are
carried away or removed from the body.

INTERNAL TRANSPORT AND CIRCULATION

Objective: Explain how materials are transported around the

body, especially in mammals

In biology, an internal transport system enables an organism to

move particles into its body and within its body. This system
also enables the organism to remove the unwanted particles
from within its body. Without such system, the organism will