F3 Sci exam Name: _____Ans___

Bio part:
A. Question
1. Explain the arrangement of phospholipid bilayer.
The hydrophobic tails point inwards while their hydrophilic heads face the aqueous environment inside
and outside the cell.
2. Define what is diffusion.
Net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

3. Define what is active transport.

Movement of substances across cell membranes from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher
concentration (i.e. against a concentration gradient)

4. What are the five factors affecting the rate of diffusion?

i. Concentration gradient ii. Temperature
iii. Size of particles iv. Distance v. Surface area

B. Short questions
1a) Which part of the cell have the function of holding many organelles, as a site for many chemical
reactions and allows the movement and transport of materials inside the cell?
________cytoplasm_______________________________________

1b) Which part of the cell involved in the synthesis of lipids?

_______smooth endoplasmic reticulum ________________________________________

1c) What is the function of cell membrane?

● Separates the cell contents from the outside environment

● Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

1b) Which part of the cell involved in the synthesis of proteins?

_____rough endoplasmic reticulum____________________________

1e) What are the properties of chloroplast in a plant cell?

● It is present in some plant cells only

● It is bounded by a doubl

● e membrane

● Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

1f) What is the difference in structure between animal cell and plant cell?
_____Plant cell has a cell wall and animal cell don’t.
Animal cell has small or no vacuoles while plant cell often has a large central vacuole.
Animal cell have no chloroplasts when some plant cells have chloroplasts._______
B. Calculation
1. Given the length of the cell on a microscopic image is 6cm. The actual size of the cell is 60µm. What is
the magnification of the image?

0.06cm ÷ 60 × 10-6m
 = 1000x

2. When a specimen is observed under a microscope with a 5X eyepiece and a 10X objective, what is the
magnification of the image?

Total magnification = 5X × 10X= 50 X

3. The table below shows the average size of different types of cells and organelles.

Calculate how many times bigger a plant cell is compared to bacterium.

¿ plant cell 50 µm
=
¿ bacterium 2 µm
= 25x

Ans: A plant cell is 25 times bigger compared to bacterium.

4. The diagram below shows the drawings of a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell observed at different
magnifications under an electron microscope. They are drawn the same length.
The actual length of the prokaryotic cell is 2µm. Calculate the actual length of the
eukaryotic cell (y).

Chem part:
A. Multiple choice
1. The process of dissolving sugar in water is an example of:
A. Diffusion B. Dispersion C. Melting D. Evaporation
2. What is the smallest unit of a substance?
A. Atoms B. Molecules C. Particles D. Elements
3. Which of the following is an example of a substance composed of single atom?
A. Oxygen(O2) B. Carbon dioxide (CO2) C. Argon(Ar) D. Nitrogen gas (N2)
4. Which of the following is NOT true about particles in a substance?
A. They have mass. B. They occupy space.
C. They are always in a solid state. D. They are constantly moving.
5. The movement of particles suspended in a liquid or gas due to the consequence of ongoing
bombardment by molecules of a medium is
A. Albert motion B. Dalton motion C. Aristotle motion D. Brownian motion
6. The state of carbon dioxide at-100 °C is (Hint: carbon dioxide sublimes at-78 °C)
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Cannot be determined
7. The melting point and boiling point of mercury are - 39 °C and 357 °C respectively, the state of mercury
in room temperature and pressure is
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Cannot be determined
8. Which state of matter has molecules that slide past each other but stay close together? They do not
form a regular pattern.
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. All of above
9. The particles in a solid that is melting move farther and farther apart because
A. the particles have more energy and bump into each other more often.
B. the particles repel each other more C. the particles begin to lose their shape
D. the particles slow down.
10. When any kind of gas such, as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, is heated, it
A. sublimates. B. evaporates C. expands. D. explodes.
11. Which among the three states of matter has a definite shape and size?
A. Solids B. Liquids C. Gases D. Vapour
12. What happens when a glass of water is sitting in the sun and disappears into a gas?
A. Evaporation B. Melting C. Burning D. Freezing
13. Which form of matter does not take the shape of its container?
A. Liquid B. Solid C. Gas D. Air
1.A 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B
8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. A 13. B

1. The graph shown represents the uniform cooling of a sample of a substance, starting with the substance
as a gas above its boiling point. Which segment of the curve represents a time when both the liquid and
the solid phases are present?

A. EF B. BC C. CD D. DE ___D___

2. Which graph shown could represent the uniform cooling of a substance, starting with the gaseous phase
and ending with the solid phase?

______C___
3. Liquids may become vapors
A. upon boiling only B. Without boiling
C. at a temperature below the boiling point of a liquid
D. at a temperature above the boiling point of a liquid ___C_____

4. Which of the following statements about a compound is INCORRECT?

A. It is made from more than one element. B. It never occurs naturally.
C. It may be produced as a result of chemical change.
D. it may decomposed into simpler substances by heat or electricity ____B______

B. Complete the following diagram and tables.

1. L: ______sublimation_________
M: ____ deposition_________
N: _______
evaporation_________
O: ___ condensing _________
P: _______ melting
____________
Q: _____Freezing ________

2.
Composition by mass
Change in formation
Melting point and boiling point
General properties
Separation of constituent
Mixture
Variable
No chemical reaction
Wide range of M.P. and B.P.
Each constituent elements
contains its property
By physical method
Compound
Fixed
Chemical reaction takes place
Sharp M.P. and B.P.
Entirely different from those
constituent elements
By Chemical methods

3.
Solid Liquid Gas
Shape Fixed shape No fixed shape No fixed shape
Volume Fixed Fixed No fixed
Arrangement and Close together and vibrate Close together but not closed Far apart and bounce
movement particle around a fixed point as solid randomly
Density Fixed and quite high Fixed and quite high Variable and low
Particle separation Held close together Close but slightly separated Widely separated

C. Structure questions
1. Andy is trying to do a experiment about diffusion. He places a crystal of purple potassium
manganate(VII) in a beaker of water.
A. What will happen to the water and explain why?
____the colour spreads through the water, because particles leave the solid crystal , which mean dissolves
and spread among the water particles__________
B. Describe diffusion.
____The particles mix and spread by colliding with other particles, and bouncing off in all directions. This
mixing process is called diffusion___________________

2. Using the idea of particles, explain each of these.

A. Heating a gas in a closed container will increase its pressure.
____The particles mix and spread by colliding with other particles, and bouncing off in all directions. This
mixing process is called diffusion___________________
B. When two solids are placed on top of each other, they do not mix.
_ Particles in solid are arranged in lattice with strong force s so they cannot leave their positions, so they do
not mix. _________

3. Explain why diffusion is faster in gases than in liquids.

_____It is because the particle in gases is moving freely and air but the particles in liquid slide over each
other, its movement is not as fast as gas due to the stronger intermolecular force. _____
4. Below is a heating curve for a pure substance. It shows how the temperature rises over time, when the
substance is heated until it melts, then boils.
A. What is the melting point of the substance?
________17oC____________________________
B. What happen to the temperature while the substance
changes state? Explain the reason.
___The temperature remains unchanged. Because the energy
provided by heating is used by the particles to overcome the
attraction force between particles themselves, so that the
temperature stop rising. _______
C. The graph shows that the substance takes longer to boil
than to melt. Suggest a reason for this.
__particles need more energy to form a gas than a liquid.___________________
D. Describe how the substance change from solid to liquid in terms of particles and energy.
___When the temperature begins to raise, particles in solid gain energy from the heat. Particles in the
lattice arrangement take in heat energy and vibrate faster, the temperature rises. At 17 oC, the heat energy
that is taken in is used to overcome the forces holding the particles, meanwhile the temperature will not
raise again until the solid totally melted. ___________

5. The cooling curve of a substance is shown below:

A. Using the kinetic particle theory, describe and explain the changes in arrangement of particles that
occurs at 78 °C.
____ As the gas cools, the particles move less quickly and don’t bounce so far apart when they collide
because with less energy. By 78 °C, the particles in the gas do not have enough energy to bounce apart
when they collide. The forces of attraction between particles take over and the gas condenses to liquid.
________
B. Explain how the movement of particles is changing in the part of the curve labeled: i. gas , ii. liquid
i. ___ the particles move less quickly, with less energy. So that they don’t bounce too far apart when they
collide____
ii. __the particles move slower and slower as they keep losing energy during the process of cooling __

6. Describe the structure of the following state in terms of particles.

A. Gas: ___The particles in a gas are far apart, and they move about very quickly. There are almost no
forces holding them together. They collide with each other and bounce off in all directions.___
B. Solid: ____ The particles in a solid are arranged in a regular pattern or lattice. Strong forces hold them
together. So they cannot leave their positions. The only movements they make are tiny vibrations to and
fro._____
C. Liquid: ____The particles in a liquid can more about and slide past each other: They are still close
together; but not in a lattice. The forces that hold them together are weaker than in a solid.____

7. In the diagrams below, the piston can move up and down freely. Using the idea of particles, explain why:

A. the volume of the gas increases as the gas is heated.

_______When the gas is heated, the particle gets more energy and collides more. Pressure inside larger
than pressure outside. So the piston moves up and increases in volume. __
B. the volume of the gas decreases as the gas cools.
_______When the gas is cooled, the particles lose energy and close together and less collide. Pressure
outside is larger than pressure inside, so the piston moves down, the volume decreases. ________

8. Concentrated ammonia solution gives off ammonia gas. Concentrated hydrochloric acid gives off
hydrogen chloride gas. Ammonia, NH3, and hydrogen chloride, HCI, are both colorless gases. Ammonia
reacts with hydrogen chloride to make the white solid ammonium chloride. Apparatus is set up as shown.

After ten minutes a white solid (as smoke) forms in the tube where the gases meet.
(a) Write the word equation for the reaction of ammonia with hydrogen chloride.
_______ammonia + hydrogen chloride 🡪 ammonium chloride______________________________
(b) Name the process by which the ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases move in the tube.
________ diffusion ______

(c) At which point, A, B, C or D, does the white solid form? Explain why the white solid forms at that
point.
_____Point A because the relative molecular mass of ammonia is lower than that of hydrogen chloride. So
ammonia will diffuse faster. _______
(d) The experiment was repeated at a higher temperature. Predict how the results of the experiment
would be different. Explain your answer.
________ the position of forming white solid will change because the particles will absorb the energy
produced by the heat, so the speed of diffusion will increase. ______

9. The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. A gas was left to cool to form a liquid. Figure 1 shows
how the temperature of the substance changed with time.

(a) From the graph, it is only liquid state from ___C__to___D__. It is a mixture of gas and liquid from
__B_to___C__. It is only gas state from _A____to___B__. (Hint: fill in A, B, C and D)
(b) State the time when the gas first started to form a liquid.
________at B__________________________________________
(c) Calculate the number of minutes it took from the gas first starting to form a liquid until the substance
was completely liquid.
The gas start to form liquid from B and turn liquid completely at C
Time needed = 6 – 2 = 4 mins

10. Define the followings

Elements: ___Made of only one kind of atom______________________
Compounds: ____made of atoms of different elements bonded together___________________
Mixtures: ___a mixture contains different elements or compounds that are not bonded together. Can
usually separate them quite easily._________________

Phy part:
1.
Incident ray The light ray that approaches the mirror.
Angle of incidence The angle between the incident ray and the normal
Reflected ray The light ray that leaves the mirror after reflection
Angle of reflection The angle between the reflected ray and the normal
normal An imaginary line perpendicular to the plane mirror at the point where the
incident ray hits the mirror

2. Explain regular reflection and diffuse reflection. And what is the difference between them?
______Regular reflection occurs when the surface is flat and smooth, the normals at different positions are
parallel to one another. When parallel rays of light fall on it, the angles of incidence, thus the angle of
reflection are all the same.
_______Diffuse reflection occurs on rough surfaces, normals point in different directions. When rays of
light fall on it, they are reflected towards different directions.___________

3. State the characteristics of mirror image.

_____ 1. Erect and laterally inverted 2. Virtual 3. Same size as the object __________

4. A periscope consists of two plane mirrors as shown. Each mirror makes an angle of 45 o to the horizontal.
Two rays of light from an object fall on the upper mirror in the periscope.

A. Complete the paths of the ray until they reach the observer.
B. Is the image seen by the observer erect or upside down? ___Erect_____
C. Is the image seen by the observer laterally inverted? ____no____
D. The figure shows another type of periscope.

i) is the image seen by the observer erect or upside down? ____erect____

ii) C. Is the image seen by the observer laterally inverted? ___no___