Is Development Active or Passive?

How much does one play a role in their developmental path? Are we at the
whim of our genetic inheritance or the environment that surrounds you, or are
we able to decide and steer our development? Some theorists believe that
humans play a much more active role in their development. Piaget, for
instance, believed that children actively explore their world and construct new
ways of thinking to explain the things they experience. Humanist theorists
forward that people have self-determination. In contrast, many behaviorists
view humans as being more passive in the developmental process, with
outcomes being determined by their experiences. Evolutionary psychologists
emphasize the role of heredity in determining development. As we explore
various theories, ask yourself whether each approach considers development
to be an active or passive process.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/adolescent/chapter/key-issues-in-human-
development/

ACTIVE VS PASSIVE PERSON

PSYCHOANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE
Active: children are driven by inborn instincts whichare channelled(with the
assistance of others) into socially desirable outlets.

LEARNING PERSPECTVE
Passive: children are moulded by their environments (although Bandura
claims that developing persons also influence these environments)

PIAGET’S COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY

Active: children actively construct more sophisticated understandings of the
self, others, and the environment to which they adapt.

INFORMATION-PROCESSING PERSPECTIVE
Active: children actively process environmental information to answer
questions, solve problems, or otherwise master challenges

ETHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Active: humans are born with biologically programmed behaviours that
promote adaptive developmental outcomes.

ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE

Both: humans actively influence the environmental contexts that influence
their development

https://www.studocu.com/en-gb/document/university-of-the-west-of-scotland/
biological-developmental-psychology/thoeries-of-development/1540329