Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education

Special Education
Principles, Policies and dimensions

Objectives
Explain the principles, policies, and dimensions of special and inclusive education.
Analyze the importance the principles, policies, dimensions of special and inclusive
learning.
Appraise what you have learned about the principles, policies and dimensions of special
and inclusive education in the Philippines.

Early Intervention
-Is the design to help infants and toddlers with development delays or diarized
disabilities that is available in every state and coordinate by the states leads agency.

What can Early intervention achieve?

4 key aspects of development
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Behavioral Development
Social & Emotional Development

Physical Development
Physical development involves children’s physical health, maturation and the presence
or absence of a physical disability, and it provides the basis for positive development in
all other areas.

Cognitive Development
Cognitive development includes children’s acquisition of speech and language skills,
their ability to read and write, their numeracy capabilities and their understanding of
logical problem-solving. Positive cognitive development is strongly associated with a
child’s success in school and entry into the workforce.

Behavioral Development
Behavioral development involves children’s ability to monitor and regulate their own
behavior, attention and impulses. Children’s self-regulatory skills are highly associated
with their ability to form positive relationships with others, as well as their success in
school.

Social and Emotional development

Social and emotional development involves children’s awareness of their own emotional
needs and the emotional needs of others. Social and emotional development also
encompasses the development of children’s self-esteem and their ability to manage
negative feelings.

Process of inclusion: Philippine model

Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity of needs of
all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and communities, and
reducing exclusion within and from education.

Importance of Inclusive Education

Ensures that all students have an opportunity to learn and grow in a safe and supportive
environment.
Prepares students for the real world by teaching them how to work with people of all
abilities.
Helps to break down barriers between people with and without disabilities and promotes
understanding and acceptance.

The Philippines has also been working to develop policies that support inclusive
education. One such policy is the creation of Special Education (SPED) schools, which
are designed specifically for students with special needs.
Another policy that promotes inclusive education is the Alternative Learning System
(ALS), which provides non-traditional learning opportunities for students who have
dropped out of school or cannot attend regular classes due to health or other reasons.

Philippine model of inclusion

1. Partial mainstreaming towards inclusion
Students are educated in regular classes at least half the day.
Receive additional help or specialized services.

2. Full mainstreaming of inclusion

complete regular instruction
Receive all special services in general classroom.