1 – explain the construction of stator of Squirrel Cage and Slip Ring rotor.

The stator in a squirrel cage induction motor is a stationary part that surrounds the rotor. It typically
consists of a laminated iron core with evenly spaced slots to hold the stator windings. The stator
windings are made of copper or aluminum conductors, and they are arranged in a way to create a
rotating magnetic field when energized.

The winding configuration can be either a single-phase or three-phase setup, depending on the motor
design. In a three-phase motor, there are usually three sets of windings spaced 120 degrees apart. These
windings are connected to the power supply, and when alternating current flows through them, a
rotating magnetic field is produced.

The rotor, often referred to as the squirrel cage, is placed inside the stator. It consists of laminated iron
cores with conductive bars or rods arranged in a circular cage-like structure. When the stator produces a
rotating magnetic field, it induces currents in the rotor conductors, creating a secondary magnetic field.
The interaction between the stator and rotor magnetic fields results in the generation of torque, causing
the rotor to turn and drive the motor.

The rotor of slip ring motor consists of a cylindrical core with steel laminations. Besides this, the rotor
has parallel slots to accommodate 3-phase windings. The windings in these slots are arranged at 120
degrees to each other. This arrangement can reduce noise and avoid irregular pausing of a motor.

4 - What do you mean by speed control of induction motor. State various methods of speed control.

Induction motor speed control is a process of manipulating currents in an induction motor to regulate
speed OR changing the supply voltage until the torque required by the load is developed at the desired
speed

Speed Control Methods of Induction Motor -From the stator side

>Voltage Control Method

>Frequency Control Method

>Pole Changing Method

>Stator Resistance Method

From the rotor side

>Rotor Resistance Control Method

>Slip Power Recovery Method

>Cascading (or) Tandem connection

5 – Explain any one method of speed control.

Pole Changing Speed Control

This method of speed control of induction motor can only be applied to the squirrel cage induction
motor. The number of poles in the rotor of a slip ring induction motor is fixed, whereas the squirrel cage
rotor can be adapted to any number of poles. The poles of the induction motor can be changed in two
ways.

>Multiple winding sets

>Consequent pole changing

In the first method, we use multiple winding sets of stator windings designed for different sets of poles.
While in operation, any one of them can be connected according to the speed requirements of the user,
and the other sets will keep in open. We know that

Ns=120f/P

As the number of poles increases, the speed will be reduced. This method can only vary the speed in
steps, and it is expansive as it involves multiple stator windings.

In the method of consequent pole changing, we can obtain another set of poles by reversing the coils.
This method can only give two sets of speeds.

Cascading or Tandem Connection

In this method of speed control of induction motor, we need two induction motors, one is essentially a
slip ring induction motor, and the other is either a slip ring induction motor or a squirrel cage induction
motor. Both machines will be mechanically coupled; the first motor is a slip ring induction motor which
feeds the second one through its slip rings.

(Figure)

The speed of the slip-ring induction motor is

Ns1=120 f/P1

The speed of the second motor is

Ns2=120s1f/P2

In this method, four different speeds are possible. They are

120 f/P1+P2 in cumulative cascading

120 f/P1−P2 in differential cascading

120 f/P1 (When motor-1 only operating)

120 f/P2 (When motor-2 only operating)

In differential cascading, the number of poles in both motors should not be equal

6 – Power flow phasor diagram

In a 3-phase induction motor, the stator winding is connected to 3-phase supply and the rotor winding is
short-circuited. The energy is transferred magnetically from the stator winding to the short-circuited,
rotor winding. Therefore, an induction motor may be considered to be a transformer with a rotating
secondary (short-circuited). The stator winding corresponds to transformer primary and the rotor finding
corresponds to transformer secondary. In view of the similarity of the flux and voltage conditions to
those in a transformer, one can expect that the equivalent circuit of an induction motor will be similar to
that of a transformer.

8 – explain and draw torque slip characteristics

The torque slip curve for an induction motor gives us the information about the variation of torque with
the slip. The slip is defined as the ratio of difference of synchronous speed and actual rotor speed to the
synchronous speed of the machine. The variation of slip can be obtained with the variation of speed that
is when speed varies the slip will also vary and the torque corresponding to that speed will also vary.