INTRODUCTION to Science & Technology

STS 2nd Semester, SY 2023-2024

 To
define
S&T
To describe the
relationship
between Science,
Technology and
To compare Society
S & T in To identify/
terms of enumerate the
their different roles of
contributions S&T

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Introduction to Science, Technology & Society

WHAT is SCIENCE?

❑ Latin word: ‘scientia’ - knowledge

❑ refers to a methodical and systematic activity of

building and organizing knowledge about how
the universe behaves through OBSERVATION,
EXPERIMENTATION or both.

Photo credit: https://www.thehindu.com/education/jy3dkh/article33948588.ece/alternates/FREE_615/27epbs-science

Introduction to Science, Technology & Society

WHAT is TECHNOLOGY?

❑ Greek root word: ‘techne’ – art, skill,

cunning of hand

❑ the application of scientific knowledge,

laws, and principles to produce services,
materials, tools, and machines aimed at
solving real-world problems
https://www.mycomputercareer.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/The-Guide-to-Information-Technology-and-Its-Role-During-COVID-19.jpg
 CONTENTS

1 What is Science?

2 What is Technology?

3 How are Science and Technology related?

Photo credit: https://www.scrippscollege.edu/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Science-Technology-and-Society-1680x1220-1.png

1 What is Science?
1 - Learning new facts (discoveries)

THE HUBBLE
DEEP FIELD:

The “deep” in Hubble

Deep Field refers to
the telescope’s ability
to look at some of
these far, faint objects.
Looking at far-away
objects in space is like
seeing back in time.
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
What is Science?
2 - Solving problems (Scientific Method)

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTAhUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_
AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tbm=isch&q=climate+change+cartoon&imgrc=pUolAkl0HhjWJM:
What is Science?
3 - the intellectual and practical activity
encompassing the systematic study of the
structure and behavior of the physical and
natural world through observation and
experiment – Oxford dictionary

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTA
hUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tbm=isch&q=science+definition+cartoon&imgrc=CyB2anvUE1EUz
M:
 2 What is Technology?
1 – creating/inventing things

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTAhUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tbm=isch&q=technology&im
grc=62wfRSqF1RgKtM:
 What is Technology?

2 - things that fulfill our

needs and desires or
perform certain functions

3 – Application of
understanding of natural
laws to the solution of
practical problems
❑ Science, Technology and Society is the study of how society, politics, and
culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these,
in turn, affect society, politics and culture.

❑ The interdisciplinary field of Science, Technology, and Society examines the

ways in which society influences the creation of scientific knowledge and
technological development.

❑ At the same time, it seeks to understand the ways science and technology
affect our lives and communities.
✔ WHEN were airplanes invented and by WHOM?

WHEN

The history of
Science &
WHAT medical discovery
Technology answers
WHAT

HOW
led to the introduction of
sterilization, vaccines , questions about our
and antibiotics world’s greatest
discoveries and
inventions…

WHY
✔ HOW are bridges built
 STS is a relatively young field that combines previously independent and older
disciplines :

History of science Philosophy of science Sociology of science

? What is a law of nature? Are there any in • Sociology: type of science, a logical
‘When we think about the non-physical sciences like biology and system that bases knowledge on direct,
past, we think about psychology? systematic observation.
history. When we think ? What kind of data can be used to distinguish • Scientific sociology: study of society
about the future, we think between real causes and accidental regularities? based on systematic observation of
social behavior.
about science. Science
? How much evidence and what kinds of evidence • Scientific evidence sometimes
builds upon its past, but do we need before we accept hypotheses? contradicts common sense explanations
also, simultaneously, of social behavior.
? Why do scientists continue to rely on models and It is not what we do not know that get us into
denies it.’ theories which they know are at least partially trouble, it is what we know that is not true.
https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/media/images/March-
of-Intellect-1828-William-Heath-Trustees.width-860.jpg inaccurate (like Newton's physics)?
https://undsci.berkeley.edu/images/us101/sci_nonsci.jpg https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/sociology202.jpg
 STS as an ACADEMIC FIELD

NOVEL Area of CONCERN OBJECTIVE

To prepare students to
a How the different
respond critically,
aspects of society
reflectively,
relatively SHAPE & INFLUENCE proactively to the
the progression and
new challenges posed by
further development Science and Technology
academic of S & T in the contemporary
world
discipline
3 How are Science and Technology
related?

We live in a SOCIETY absolutely dependent on S & T.

As problems in S & T continue to rise and become more observable

and felt, the need to pay attention to their interactions with
various aspects of human life (SOCIAL, POLITICAL, and ECONOMIC)
becomes even more necessary.

Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
 SCIENCE 2. Source of tools and TECHNOLOGY
techniques for more
efficient engineering 3. Research
1. New knowledge
design and a knowledge instrumentation, lab
which serves as a
base for evaluation of techniques, and
direct source of
feasibility of designs analytical methods used
ideas for new
in research that
technological
eventually find their way
possibilities
HOW ARE THEY RELATED? into design and
industrial practices

SCIENCE contributes to TECHNOLOGY in at least 6 ways:

Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
 5. Creation of a knowledge
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
base that becomes
increasingly important in
4. Practice of research 6. Knowledge base that
the assessment of
as a source for enables more efficient
technology in terms of its
development and strategies of applied
wider social and
assimilation of new research, development,
environmental impacts
human skills and and refinement of new
capabilities eventually technologies
useful for technology HOW ARE THEY RELATED?

SCIENCE contributes to TECHNOLOGY in at least 6 ways:

Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
 TECHNOLOGY contributes to SCIENCE in at least 2 ways:

1. Providing a fertile 2. Source of otherwise

source of novel scientific unavailable
questions and thereby also

TE
instrumentation and

CH
CE
helping to justify the

NO
EN
techniques needed to

LO
I
allocation of resources

SC

GY
needed to address these
address novel and more

questions in an efficient difficult scientific

AND
and timely manner, extending questions more
the agenda of science efficiently

Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
Science & Technology affects one
another.
Because Hubble telescope has limitation a new
space telescope was launch last December 2021 to
see the heavenly bodies are accelerating away from
us, the light they emit turns to infrared.
James Webb Space Telescope is made to see
beyond and this telescope will answer the question
of the events before the Big Bang.
Science & Technology affects one
another
Thousands of galaxies make up this cluster in the
distant universe 4.6 billion light-years away. Hubble's
composite image took weeks to achieve, while James
Webb’s Hubble Telescope only took 12.5 hours,
NASA said.

Like Hubble, JWST is expected to revolutionize our

understanding of the cosmos. It will help us determine
whether planets orbiting other stars could support life,
and see galaxies that formed just after the Big Bang.

The telescope’s first full-color images and

spectroscopic data were released during a televised
broadcast at 10:30 a.m. EDT (14:30 UTC) on
Tuesday, July 12, 2022, from NASA’s Goddard Space
Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY in a SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
 WHAT is the ROLE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN HOW HAS TECHNOLOGY
YOUR LIFE? CONTRIBUTED TO SCIENCE?

HOW HAS SCIENCE

CONTRIBUTED TO
TECHNOLOGY?

REFLECTION TIME
 THANK YOU!
STS_LM 1-Introduction to S & T