Steady flow The flow of a fluid is steady if its velocity, pressure and all the numerical

values relating to its substance (e.g. density and viscosity) are independent of time at every
point in the flow field. A steady flow is in principle only possible in a condition of equilibrium
(steady state).

Unsteady flow A flow in which quantity of liquid flowing per second is not constant, is
called unsteady flow. Unsteady flow is a transient phenomenon. It may be in time become
steady or zero flow. For. example when a valve is closed at the discharge end of the pipeline.

Uniform Flow means fluid flowing into different parts of the fracture surface with equal
flow velocity per unit area.

Continuous Flow The continuity equation is developed based on the principle of

conservation of mass. The continuity equation states that the rate of fluid flow through the pipe
is constant at all cross-sections. That is, the quantity of fluid per second is constant throughout
the pipe section.
Laminar Flow also called streamline flow, type of fluid (gas or liquid) flow in which the fluid
travels smoothly or in regular paths,
Turbulent Flow type of fluid (gas or liquid) flow in which the fluid undergoes irregular
fluctuations, or mixing. turbulent flow the speed of the fluid at a point is continuously
undergoing changes in both magnitude and direction.
One-Dimensional Flow It is the flow where all the flow parameters may be expressed
as functions of time and one space coordinate only. The single space coordinate is usually the
distance measured along the centre-line (not necessarily straight) in which the fluid is flowing.
Two-Dimensional Flow Fluid motion is said to be two-dimensional when the velocity at
every point is parallel to a fixed plane, and is the same everywhere on a given normal to that
plane.
Streamlines - the path of imaginary particles suspended in the fluid and carried along with
it.
- Streamline flow in fluids is defined as the flow in which the fluids flow in parallel layers such
that there is no disruption or intermixing of the layers and at a given point, the velocity of each
fluid particle passing by remains constant with time.
Stream Tubes is a tubular region of fluid surrounded by streamlines. Since streamlines
don't intersect, the same streamlines pass through a streamtube at all points along its length
Flow Nets represents the flow of water within a soil mass
-- Flow net provides a simple graphical technique for studying tow-dimensional irrotational
flows, when the mathematical calculation is difficult and cumbersome. is a graphical
representation of two-dimensional steady-state groundwater flow through aquifers.
Construction of a flow net is often used for solving groundwater flow problems where the
geometry makes analytical solutions impractical.
Orifice is a plate that is inserted in a line and typically has a round hole in its centre Orifices
are used as fixed throttles that generate head loss. The head loss caused by an orifice can be
used to determine the volume or mass rate of flow during flow metering.
Water Jet a cold cutting process which cuts by using supersonic water, or water and
abrasive, to erode material. Because of this, waterjets are unlimited in what they can cut.
a stream of fluid that is projected into a surrounding medium, usually from some kind of a
nozzle, aperture or orifice. [1] Jets can travel long distances without dissipating. Jet fluid has
higher momentum compared to the surrounding fluid medium.
Venturi Meter - a gage to measure the volume flow rate of a fluid in a pipe
- to measure the speed flow of incompressible fluid through a pipe.
- are flow measurement instruments which use a converging section of pipe
to give an increase in the flow velocity and a corresponding pressure drop from which the
flowrate can be deduced. They have been in common use for many years, especially in the
water supply industry.
Pitot Tube is a mechanical device which is used to measure velocity of flow at any point in a
pipe or a channel. an instrument for measuring a flowing fluid's velocity (speed)
Nozzles is a mechanical device or orifice designed to control the characteristics of a fluid
flow as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe.
Tubes (converging, diverging, re-entrant, and submerged)
Converging The convergence of horizontal winds causes air to rise,
Diverging the divergence of horizontal winds causes downward motion of the air
(subsidence)
re-entrant grooves have been used in both axially-grooved heat pipes and in monogroove
heat pipes

submerged or “DROP TUBE” means any fill pipe or tube which fits directly into the
underground tank riser pipe and allows submerged filling. This pipe or tube should be located
six (6) inches above the bottom of the tank and cut at a 45º angle.
Weir (Crest of weir, Contracted Weir, and Suppressed Weir)
Weir is a barrier across the width of a river or stream that alters the
characteristics of the flow and usually results in a change in the height of the
water level.
Crest of weir the surface over which the water flows is known as the crest.
Contracted Weir has a crest length that is less than the width. of the channel of
approach. The term "channel of approach," or "leading channel," defines the. body of water
immediately upstream from the weir,

Suppressed Weir has a channel of approach whose width is the. length of the weir crest.
Nappe -a sheet or curtain of water that flows over a weir or dam.
- the sheet of water flowing through a notch or over a weir is known as nappe or
vein