Homework III (Total 100%)

Due Date: 11/14; Late Punishment: You will get 30 % off in your grade

1. The following stress-strain curve shows a tensile engineering stress-strain behavior for a steel alloy. (a)
what is the modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) of this material? (b) what is the proportional limit
of this material? (c) what is the yield p
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strength of this material? (d) what is the tensile strength of this
material? (e) If the cylindrical specimen having a cross-sectional diameter of 10 mm, will it experience
elastic and/or plastic deformation under applied load of 35,000 N? (1 MPa=1 N/mm2) (f) if the original
specimen length is 500 mm, and the cross-sectional diameter is 10 mm, how much will it increases in
length when a 35,000 N load is applied? (18%)

2. Tensile stress-strain curves of two materials are shown below. Please answer the following questions
(note that each part is a separate question that has no relationship to previous parts): (32%)

(a) Samples 1 and 2 are identical except for the grain size. Which sample has the smaller grains? Why?
(b) Samples 1 and 2 are identical except that they were tested at different temperatures. Which was
tested at the lower temperature? Why?
(c) Samples 1 and 2 are identical except that one of them is a pure metal and the other has a small
percentage alloying addition. Which sample has been alloyed? Why?
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(d) Assume that the two stress-strain curves represent successive tests of the same sample. The sample
was loaded, then unloaded before necking began, and then the sample was reloaded. Which sample
represents the first test? Why?
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(e) If samples 1 and 2 have the same composition and were processed identically, except that one of
them was cold worked more than the other. The stress-strain curves were obtained after the
samples were cold worked. Which sample has the lowerT crystallization temperature? Why?
(f) If samples 1 and 2 are identical except that they were annealed h at the same temperature for
different periods of time. Which sample was annealed for the shorter period of time? Why?
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(g) If samples 1 and 2 are identical except that they were annealed at different temperatures for the
same period of time. Which sample was annealed at the higher temperature? Why?
(h) Given the stress-strain curves for materials 1 and 2, which material has the lower hardness value on
the Brinell hardness scale? Why?

3. You have a choice to either purchase a copper alloy that has an ASTM grain size number (晶粒度) of 5
or ASTM grain size number of 7. You are unable to decide if there is much of a difference between these
two. Determine how many grains/m2 would appear on a photograph taken at 100X for a metal given
these two grain size number choices. Does this seem like a significant difference? (5 %)

4. a) A single crystal rod of pure nickel has a critical resolved shear stress of 300 MPa. We would like to
orient the rod in such a manner that, when an axial stress of 750 MPa is applied, the rod deforms by a
slip in a 45° direction to the axis of the rod. What is the angle between the tensile axis and the slip
direction? (5 %)
(b) Consider a rod of a single crystal with FCC structure. The rod is tensioned along its [120] direction
with a stress of 100 MPa, please calculate the resolved shear stresses (τ) for the 12 slip systems (just
fill in the table below). Which system(s) is(are) most likely to be triggered? (10 %)

Slip plane Slip direction cosφ cosλ τ

[11̅0] 0.775 … …
(111)

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5. An 18-8 Mo stainless steel component is designed to withstand a service stress of 100 MPa at 600oC.
Please predict the temperature at which the component should be operated in order to double the
expected life of the component if the applied stress is to remain the same. (10%)

Logarithm stress versus the Larson–Miller parameter for an 18-8 Mo stainless steel.

6. Using the isothermal transformation diagram for a 0.45 wt% C steel alloy shown below (Figure 1),
determine the final microstructure (in terms of just the microconstituents present) of a small
specimen that has been subjected to the following time-temperature treatments. In each case assume
that the specimen begins at 845 oC and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have
achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure. (20 %)

Figure 1 Isothermal transformation diagram for a 0.45 wt% C iron-carbon alloy

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(a) Rapidly cool to 250 oC, hold for 103 s, then quench to room temperature.
(b) Rapidly cool to 700 oC, hold for 30 s, then quench to room temperature.
(c) Rapidly cool to 400 oC, hold for 500 s, then quench to room temperature.
(d) Rapidly cool to 700 oC, hold at this temperature for 105 s, then quench to room temperature.
(e) Rapidly cool to 650 oC, hold at this temperature for 3 s, rapidly cool to 400 oC, hold for 10 s, then
quench to room temperature.
(f) Rapidly cool to 450 oC, hold for 10 s, then quench to room temperature.
(g) Rapidly cool to 625 oC, hold for 1 s, then quench to room temperature.
(h) Rapidly cool to 625 oC, hold at this temperature for 10 s, rapidly cool to 400 oC, hold at this
temperature for 5 s, then quench to room temperature.

4
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