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The earliest evidence of human presence dates back to around 400,000 years ago.
Celtic tribes arrived in the 1st millennium BC, intermingling with the locals to form the Celtiberians.
The Romans conquered the Iberian Peninsula in the 2nd century BC, establishing the provinces of Lusitania and
Gallaecia in what's now Portugal.
Roman rule lasted for centuries, leaving a lasting impact on language, law, and infrastructure.