Sacred Heart Academy of Novaliches

1155 Quirino Highway, Novaliches, Quezon City, Philippines

THIRD QUARTER – A.Y 2023-2024

TEACHING GUIDE – BASIC CALCULUS

Date: JANUARY 8-12, 2024

DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3

EVALUATING LIMITS OF ALGEBRAIC
Topic/ Lesson Name DIAGNOSTIC TEST THEOREMS ON LIMITS
FUNCTIONS
Content Standards The learners demonstrate understanding of the basic concepts of limit and continuity of a function, and concepts of derivatives.

Performance Standards The learners shall be able to formulate and solve accurately situational problems involving extreme values.

The learners illustrate the limit laws.

Learning Competencies
The learners apply the limit laws in evaluating the limit of algebraic functions (polynomial, rational, and radical).
Time Allotment 60 minutes (3 sessions)
References Materials Orines, F.B. (2016). Next Century Mathematics 11: Basic Calculus. Phoenix Publishing House. Pages 2-24.
- The teacher will call someone to start the class - The teacher will call someone to start the class - The teacher will call someone to start the class
with an opening prayer. with an opening prayer. with an opening prayer.

- The teacher will check the attendance and let - The teacher will check the attendance and let - The teacher will check the attendance and let the
the students greet their classmates. the students greet their classmates. students greet their classmates.

- The teacher will present the lesson objectives. - The teacher will present the lesson objectives.

At the end of the lesson, students should be able At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Introduction to:
 Recall the limit laws; and
EXPLORE:  Define limits;  Solve limits of algebraic functions.
 Memorize the limit laws; and
 Cite the importance of studying the limit
laws. Essential Questions:
 How to solve limits of algebraic function
Essential Questions: using limit laws?
 What is limits?
 What are the limit laws?
 Why do we need to study the limit laws?
- The teacher will administer the diagnostic test - The teacher will present a picture to the class - The teacher will call students to answer questions
to the students’ right after she discuss the and call students to answer the following as a review.
Motivation
scope and sequence. questions.
 Questions:
 - The teacher will remind the students to take the 1. What is limits?
test seriously.
2. What are the limit laws?
- The teacher will ask the students the
importance of taking the diagnostic test even if
it’s not graded.

- The teacher will administer the diagnostic test.
 Questions:
1. Where do you usually see this?
2. What does it mean?
3. If you saw a signage like this, can you
exceed to the indicated speed limit?
- The teacher will tell the class that in mathematics - The teacher will tell the class that in evaluating
the idea of limits is also used particularly in limits of algebraic function you have to apply the
Calculus. limit laws.

- The teacher will tell the class that the limit of a - The teacher will give examples.
function 𝑓(𝑥) is the value it approaches as the
value of 𝑥 approaches a certain value. “As 𝑥  Examples:
approaches 𝑎, the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) approaches 𝐿”. 𝑥 2 −16
1. lim 8 − 𝑥 4. lim
This is written in symbols as follows: 𝑥→8 𝑥→4 𝑥−4

𝑥+2 𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿
𝑥→𝑎
2. lim 5. lim
𝑥→3 𝑥 𝑥→−4 𝑥+4

- The teacher will illustrate the definition of limits √𝑥−3

3. lim
using graph. 𝑥→9 𝑥−9
Instruction/
Delivery - The teacher will call students to answer the
question “How to solve limits of algebraic function
using limit laws?” as a wrap-up.

- The teacher will tell the class that the limit of a

function refers to the value that the function
approaches, not the actual value.

- The teacher will tell the class that in studying

limits it’s very important to discuss also the limit
 theorems/laws, because limit laws provide a set
of rules and properties that help mathematicians
and students understand and manipulate limits in
various scenarios.

- The teacher will discuss limit laws and give

examples for each laws.

Theorem#1: lim 𝑐 = 𝑐
𝑥→𝑎

Ex:
1. lim 4 2. lim 9
𝑥→2 𝑥→6

Theorem#2: lim 𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑥→𝑎

Ex:
1. lim 𝑥 = 5 2. lim 𝑥 = 8
𝑥→5 𝑥→8

Theorem#3 Constant Multiple Rule:

lim [𝑐 ∙ 𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑐 lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

Ex:
1. lim 4𝑥 2. lim 5𝑥
𝑥→2 𝑥→3

Theorem#4 Sum/Difference Rule:

lim [𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ± lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

Ex:
1. lim(𝑥 + 7) 2. lim(𝑥 − 5)
𝑥→2 𝑥→3

Theorem#5 Product Rule:

lim [𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

Ex:
1. lim 3(2𝑥 + 1) 2. lim 𝑥(5𝑥 + 4)
𝑥→2 𝑥→3

Theorem#6 Quotient Rule:

 lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥→𝑎
lim =
𝑥→𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎

Provided that lim 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0

𝑥→𝑎

Ex:
2𝑥+5 5𝑥+4
1. lim 2. lim
𝑥→2 𝑥+3 𝑥→2 𝑥+1

Theorem#7 Power Rule:

lim [𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 = [lim 𝑓(𝑥)] 𝑛

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

Ex:
1. lim(3𝑥 + 4)3 2. lim (4𝑥 + 9)2
𝑥→1 𝑥→−3

Theorem#8 Radical Rule:

𝑛
lim √𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛√ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

Ex:
3
1. lim √𝑥 2 + 4 2. lim √𝑥
𝑥→2 𝑥→9

Theorem#9 Limit of a Polynomial Function:

If 𝑝(𝑥) and 𝑞(𝑥) are polynomials, then:

lim 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑝(𝑎)

𝑥→𝑎

𝑝(𝑥) 𝑝(𝑎)
lim =
𝑥→𝑎 𝑞(𝑥) 𝑞(𝑎)

Where 𝑞(𝑎) ≠ 0.

Ex:
2𝑥
1. lim(3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5) 2. lim
𝑥→2 𝑥→3 8𝑥−5

- The teacher will call students to answer the

following questions as a wrap-up.

 Questions:
1. What is limits?
2. What are the limit laws?
 3. Why do we need to study the limit laws?

- The teacher will tell the class to identify the Written Work
following limit laws. - The teacher will ask the students to evaluate the
following algebraic functions using limit laws.

1. lim(2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3) 4. lim
𝑥 2 −9
𝑥→3
Practice 2𝑥+!
𝑥→−3 𝑥+3
DEEPEN: 2. lim 5. lim3 −√2𝑥 + 4
𝑥→1 3𝑥−2 𝑥→
2
𝑥−4
3. lim √10𝑥 − 1 6. lim −
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥 2 −6𝑥+8

Enrichment

TRANSFER: Evaluation

Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

Kim Lambert L. Caubalejo I, LPT William Gaylord B. Lim, LPT Maria Paz F. Pupos, LPT, MAEd
Subject Teacher Subject Area Coordinator School Principal