Taapa IV BJIAQEHME HA YYIKOE WMA § 1. Apyx6a (amicitia) Kak ancTuTyT paMckoro npaga Texnuueckuit xapaxtep pitpaxennn (apy3baq mpwHuenca) — mpooGpase umnepatopeKoro xzBopae. «Bbitopaa> Apyk6a WH HeOpMadbHad MPUBASAHHOCTh OCHOBHIBArOT- CH, OAHAKO, HA OODEKTHBHBIX MPEANOCHIIKAX, TAKHX, WaNpHMep, Kak KpoBroe porzcrao — cognatio (Rhet. ad Herenn., 4, 56; Cic., de fin., 4, 17: «amicitiae cognatorum»), cpofictzo — adfinitas (Cic., de fin, 2, 78; 5, 65; de inv., 2, 35; familiaritas: Cic., ep., 13, 58; 13, 65, 1), conacnencTso (Cic., ep., 13, 46), copmectHoe ormpanaenue marncrpa- typ’, H Wepegattca no wacnegctsy (paterna necessitudo: Cic., ep., 18, 29, 1; 13, 38; pro Flace., 14). Alpyxkeckke OTHOMEHHA YCTAHABANBAIOTCA H TpeKpailawotca B o6- pagzonoli dopme. Basepuii Maxcum (4, 2, 1} coo6maer, Kak 06 inimi- citia (Bpaxae) oObaBaaeTcA B HaponHom coOpanuu («inimicitiam. in campo deposuit»). JImuHbte sparn Ouuauh Jlenia un Pyappuit @aark, 6ynyyn o6a N3s6paHs wexsopaMH, cnewatT ny6av4HO, B Ha- POAHOM cobpaHun, 3aKMOUHTD ApyKeckuft cows (Gell., 12, 8, 5—6). § [pesuvii pHMAaHbH Re MPRHHMaA HH ORHOrO OTBETCTBEHNOTO peireHsia 6e3 MpeApapwTeMbHoro CoBeTa C APY3bAMH. STO ABIeHHe OTMEYAAOCh B OTe¥eCTREHHOH aureparype (cm., nanp.: Kaabe PC, Ucropra, Burr. Anrnanoeth//But yx nevopua BeantHuRocm™y M, 1988. C. 14) Spyuupouaymut ewrop, oanaKo, TOBOpHT o eMaKpO- MNOMeCTBeXHOH CTpykrype aHTHYHOTO OGulEcTBa>, He Aenan HeOSXOANMBX paaMIRA MEKAY KOUWIEHONHHBIMH, OOUZHHAMH, TeHTHAHEIMM, COCTOBHEIMH, hamHabHBIMN Ht ADYKecKAMM OGSeAMHeRvAaMN apesHero Puma m TpakTyH AX Kak eAMMBI enoMeH. Taxaa crenexs oGoOmenua manonpoaysrussa, [Ipaxtrixa apyzeckux KoRcyabraunit orpaxexa x B npawoBux tecrax’D If, 1, 11, 12; Paul, Sent, 5, 25, (3. +O HaBaseHBocTH aHTHSHOrO rocrHHHaHorO cepsuca cw. Kleberg T. Hétels, restorants et cabarets dans Uantiquité romaine Uppsala, 1957 P. 92 5 It. > Tak, Tomnuit Maasai aapnt 300 rec cecrepumi Pomatmo OrpMy, s7058 OW Mor ZOCTH4D BcanNHecKoro ueHsa B 400 THC. (Plin, ep, 1, 19}; BEgeaseT 40 THC. Ha 9KHNUpORKY HenTypHova Metiaun Kpuena (Ibid, 6,25, 3): aesaer noaapKn nosty Mapuwary (Ibid, 3, 21, 2); aapat govepu propa Keunriastana x caarée 50 Thc m maBHAseTcR 3a cKpoMHOCTs apa (Ibid, 6, 32, 2); aaput semensutuil yua- eTox B 100 THC. cBoe KopmMunnue (Ibid, 6, 3) nT g ikeapocts Itvuepona raxKe orpaxena B ero KepenucKe (Cic, ad Att, 2, 20, 6; 6, 9, 2; 7, 1, 9; 7, 2, 3; 11, 12, 4; ad fam, 13,61, 1; 14, 3, 2). ® Cu.: Mauxun HA Tipanunnar Asrycra M., 1950. C. 7 7 BsauMOOTHOMleHe KOMNerHambHHK MarACTpaTOR CKOXHO Mo CTDYKTYpe © OTHO- WenssMn coHACTeMRHKOS B Apesnoera, Sra rmnoresa yerallonaenna ApyxkecxHX oTNO- wenn} («causa amicitiaes — Cie, ep, 13, 76, 1; Phil, 2, 40 104) ocnosnmaetcn na mores maiorum (Cic, ep, 13, 10; 26; 29: cp. Plin, ep, 4, 15) Mapaaneanau ny6- SWMHEIX H actkbx npasoBslx hopM no ocdoBaHino amicitia’ eme xAer cBoera HeCAe- noBatena. 136Cuunuon Appskancknii w TuGepuli Tpaxx ny6anuno pacropraior yabl Apyx6bl w cpoficrsa: <...ct amicitia et adfinitate iuncti discesse- sunt» (Val. Max., 4, 2, 3}*. Aza Teaanit (12, 8, 3) pacckasbinaet, kak, OKA3aBIIIMCh Ha COCeMHHX MecTax 3a IWIpLeCTBeHHBIM cTOJOM Ha npaagvectse B uecTs IOnutepa Ha Kannroanu, su rocyzapcrseHHbe MYAKH BHOBh 3aK JOHAN MeKAY CoOoH ApyKeckuH colo3, H OCO60 OT- mewaeT coequHenne AecHuu: «dexteras eorum concentibus» (cfr. Liv. 40, 46; Cic., de prov. cons., 9, 20), — "To aABAReTcA ycroHunEHM CHM: BOTOM JOCTIOKeHHA cormacia’. B vectp coraacna u apyK6n paMasne cnpaBaA.H cneynaanHh npasauuk — Xapucrun (Charistia: Val. Max., 2, 1, 8). Alpyxecknh cows ycranasMBaeTca MYTEM OKasaHA BsaHMHDIX yenyr w xepxxuTca Ha Hux («mutua officias: Cic., pro Rose., 38, 111-112; pro Quint., 16, 53; ep., 13, 65, 1; 15, 14, 2; «amicitia nost- ra, quae summis officiis ab utroque culta est> (Hama apyx6a, ae- aeeMaa AYUWIHMH ycayramH’? co cTOpoOHD! KaxK MOTO W3 Hac), TAK ¥TO OH HAeHTHYEH To TecHol CBA3H, B34HMO3ABHCHMOCTH, KOTOPAaH BO3- HUKaeT H3 TaKUX KOHTaKros — necessitudo (Cic., ep., 8, 6, 1; 13, 17, 1; 13, 76, 4: pro Quint., 17, 54). Ipyx6a kak popMaasno onpezesen- HO€ OTHOWeHHE GaW3Ka TAKUM opMaM COWMATbHOH CRASH, KAK pon- CTBO, CBOMCTBO M COCeACTBO, OTAMYARCh OT HUX cBOGoOROH Bubopa napraepa, Ona cay KUT OLHHM H3 HawOOuce APKHX MpOABJEHHi HAeH uenopevecKoro O6UIEKHTHA, MepMaHeHTHOrO B3avMOneiicTRAA YHOR- SHAOB Ha OCHOBe B3aHMHoCTH. Cic., de fin., 5, 65: In omni autem honesto, de quo Ha scero Ke yeCTHOrO, O 4eM MBI loguimur, nihil est tam illustre BeNeM pedb, HET TIHYerO CTOAB nec quod latius poieat quam co- 2Ke CIABHOTO, HNTerO, YTO MOTO niunctio societas et communica- Gul mpensotira coerHHeHHe, TORA- tio utilitatum ef ipsa caritas ge- peek Mabon, © pony’ aenonesee neris humani, quae nata a Dri: cKomy, xoropaa, poxkaentias or mo satu, quod a procreatoribus Nepporo ceMeHH, —- NOcKOTDKY nati diliguntur et tota domus nopomaAcHHbie sro6ume! nopo- coniugio et stirpe coniungitur, AUBLIEMU H BECh JOM cOeaHHACT- serpit sensim foras, cognationi- ca OpayHHM COI0sOM H NOKO.IeH- HBIM pOLCTBOM, — TlocTerieHHO bus pri aera tste t reibue tum ailinitatitibus, paciipoctpanserca BUIHpb: cHa~ ‘um civibus et iis, qui publice wasla Yepes KPOBHOe pOACTBO H socii aique amici sunt, deinde cpolieTBo, mOTOM o6HHMacT 8 Tlostwreseckne noxpoGnoctt snxsona cooduaer Tut JIusuit (Liv, 38, 33: 57). O aumex ormomenssx Cunnuona Fpaxxa eu: Gelzer A, Die Nobilitat der rémi- schon Republik Leipzig, 1913 5. 52 sqq "0 destera {dextra) Kan cumpoze fides cm. § 2 ra IH wp Konue Hacrosmero naparpada 19 , — OHO N3 HanGoaee AxeKRATHHX BEIPAKenHe wen mpana- D.1, 1, 10 pr-}: Ulp., 1 reg. (=J.1, 1 pr): lustilia est constans et perpetua voluntas ius suum cuique tribu- ens, 1. Turis praecepta stint ha- ec: honeste vivere, alterum non MMHHTb Bpeka GMKHEMY, BO3- laedere, suum cuique tribuere. flaBaTp KaxXAOMY CBoe. Tlpeqnoctiaka mpaBosoro oOHIeHHA — HHAHBUAYanbHad cBoboxa — HAXOgUT B ApPyKecKUx OTHOWeHHAX GwaroupHATHYIO Nowy AAA cBoe- TO pasBhTua Ww yraepxaAenna, ABTHINAA usocOduA ycmMarpHRaeT BO B3aHMHOM OOMeHe yceryramMu, 3TOM OCHOBAHHH Apy«6uI, Hayao CBO- Sogbl WHAHBULYamDnoro BuIGopa. B gunocopckom ocmbicaennu apyxk6nl B AHTHYHOCTH BbI_enTOT Abe KOHUCNLHH: NparmaTwyeckyio H HseanucTaueckyio', Tleppaa " Dugas L. L'amitié antique. P, 1914. 138 Tipapocyane—atTo NOctoHHHaA H HempephBHaa BOA BO3MaTb Kaxxgomy cpoe. |. [[puauunet T1paBa TaKOBbI: RKHTH YECTHO, HE‘CBOAHT UpyHXOY K IKOHOMHUCCKON BSAHMONOMOLIN, BTOpaA BocTeBzeT OYHMeHHOe OT YTHAHTapHoro HATepeca poacTBo ayul. Lipeacrapaser- cA, OAHAKO, NTO OGe KORMENNHH OTATOWMEHM SKOHOMHYECKHM BHe- HHeM OTHOMIeHHA IpyRGn m GesycnOBHO RTOPHIEH. AlemMoxpu?, Koropplit cuutan ApyxK6y SKBUBaTeHTOM COlLManBHOTO Gplris («He AOCTOUH xKHTb TOT, KTO He HMceT HacTosutero Apyras!?), 3a2aeT OPHTHHaJbHble NapaMeTphl yKa3anHoro AyaAHaMa: «floctoun YBAKeCHHA He TOT, KTO AePAHTCA TOIHOCTH 8 OOMeHe, a TOT, KTO Mpel- rowel AeicTsoBaTbh o-qo6pomy>™. 3yecb BsanMHti O6OMeH BLICTYy- maer MaTepHaspHon OCHOBOM COUMAJIDHBIX OTHOWeHHf: onnosHunt okasaiBaerca SatasbHOA, NOCKOMbKY CrpoHTCH TO OAHOMY OcHOBAHHtO. Tipeanournreannee He MexaHu¥eckoe papencrBO mMpenocrapzenuh, a HX COOTRETCTBHE EAHNOMY MPHAQHAY, KOTOpEI ecTeCTReHHBIM O6Pa30M ypashaer omHnanna cropou. TIpxnmim rzo6poro ne orpunaet HeObxogH- MOCTH SKBHBAIEHTHOCTH o6Mmena, a, HanpoTue, obecneqnpaer ec TaM, rae VpaBHHoBKa Gita 6bI HECHpaBezaNBa. Dro, cobcTBeHHO, He KOH- aux, a AHaATeKTHYeCKOe PasBuTHe NOHATHS IKBUBAMENTA B sTHYecKom nepcnekTuBe: hunoco aanaer HLeaMNCTHIECKOe A3Mepenue colMalD- Holt_tefictBuTeabHOCTH, B dopmyae Coxpara, ruyGuxa KoTopoi coorsercrsyer ee mpocrore, TIpOTHBOpedHe Loyyaer OHTOJIOPHYECKHA CMBICI: sTpyr AOCTABAACT TO, Yero He XBataeT apyry> (Xen, Mem., 2, 4, 6}. Heo6xogumoctp, BOsBeMeHHad B CTENeH STIMeCKOrO, OGopauuBaerca AOGpoh Bonet. Apucrotesp, MOCBATHBIIHA ApyxK6e 8-10 4 9-10 KHUrH «HaKomaxo- BOH STUKH», OCTaeTCA Ha STON BLICOTe tpuOcomcTBORaHUsA: «ToRopaT, HYKHO, YTOGH Apyr XOpowo oTHOCHACA K Apyry. Te, KTO mKeNaer AO6- Pa, HaanBaloTCA O6poreTetbHbIMH, ecAH gpyrof we OTBedaeT HM B3akMHOCTHIO; HO AOGPOgeTeMb HAasbiBaerca ApyKOoH, ecAH ecrb oT- mata» (Arist. Nic. Eth. 8, 2 (1155). B xzaapneinneit paspa6orKe NOKATHA eAHHI deHoMeH aHaauTHUeCKH pasgzeaneTcH Ha coBepuleH- HY! apyx6y, OCHOBaHHYyIO Ha ZObpe, H ABe HecoBepwienMbie, ocHOBaH- ABE Ha pacsete, — apyxxGy paan yaososscrBHa HW apyaSy paan BH- Troan! 4, Woxupyioue saaprenna wipenanxos, coOpauxnie Jluorenom Jla- SPTCKUM, He OTPHUAOT NOMATHE APYAGH, a AWM» BLINAGHBAIOT yTHAH- TapHyvo ee cropony. Apuerunn: <«][pyra Mew paaM co6cTBeHHOM noaB3H, Kak W1eH Testa, oka OH mpu Te6er (Diog. Laert., 2, 91). Srecnit (Terecnit): «Het au nowrutenbHOcTH, HH ApyK- 6H, AH no6ponetean, NOCKOMLKY UX BSKICKHBANT OTHWOAb HE paau HHX CaMHX, HO pant To TOAL3M, YTO OHH HAM AOCTAB- ARIOT: CCH HET BHO, ONN HCdesaroT» (Diog. Laert., 2, 93). gay Diets H. Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker B, 1951 Bd 2 S 162° Dem, n ‘3 Thid N 96 “ O6suinni nprem Apuctotcat Hanpumep, ycrauapalsan saBicHMOcTh pacnpe- Henenisa RlactR a QGUleCTBe OT COMNaADHOR CTPYKTYPH, OH BLicTpaMBaer cHeTeMy RapasierbHety TpAaA COBEPIIEBUBIX HK HecORepUeHHEX opm nomHiMveckoro npaB- REIN, HH OANA HI KOTOPHA He cywectsyer B 4HcTom BRge (ArisL, Pol, 3,7 — 1279a, 25). 139Ecan oTRueunca OT MOPabHBX cooGpaxenuit Mp oueHKe 9THX BHICKaSHIBaHHi, TO OHH MpeAcrakyT B BHAe erporoit KOHCTaTalHn TOrO, UTO OpHYHHatbHad OCHOBA APYKecKoOH CBA3H KOPeHHTCH BO B3aHMHOM oOmeue. Brigtiparouluit mparMatagm 9THx pusocados cayxKuT peaxunek Na HeonpanyaHnylo WLeOOrHsauHIO ApyKecKHX OTHOWeHH, noDMeHR- loulyio KOHKpeTHoe CouMaTbHOe ABACHHE HycTHIM duaACcodcTBOBaHHeM, OTOpBaHHbM OF ACHCTBHTeCIbHOCTH MOpazMZaTOPCKUM MpPH3bIBOM, KO- TOPLH CTOTL Ke AaNeK OT OPHTHHAAbHLIX NPHHUNOB Zpy GH, cKOnD KOLLYHCTBCHHMIM MpeACTaBAReTCA COBPEMeHHOMY YHTATEMO OTPULAHHe OeckopbicTHa. AnHukepua: « (cuvnte.a), 0 Koropom rosopur Xpucunmn, cooTnercrsyet moHATHO rpaxkganckoro Obopota, commertium, B3nTOM B HaHGonee WHpoKOM embicie, Cy6beKtom Takoro OGU[CHHA ABANeTCA HHARBHA. Baaumnott o6meH ecTb MposBleHHe CONMaATbHOM MpHpowE yesoRe- ka; OH DetaeT Yenopeka yeaosexom. [pyaGa — nepsaa ctTynent B pasBHTHA NOHATHA couHasbHore, Hpasoyyenia uszocopos, socnpuHH- Mak APYKECKHe OTHOWEHHA B HX NOAHOTe, NPHSbIBAIOT K HX 4ACTOTE, a HE K pacnpocTpaveHMio WAeaTHsHpOBaHHHX NPHHuHNOB ApyxKOw Ha cOounamHHbe oTHOUEHHA. J] pyxK6a — MomeAb B34HMO3ABHCHMOCTH YAe- Hos OOMecTBAa. Sta BSAHMO3aBHCHMOCTD HMECT W SKOHOMHYECKOE H3Me- peHHe, BAKHYIO COCTARAAIOULYIO COUMaTbHOTO GbITHA, KOTOPaA YUHTEI- gaetcd B pHTOcodcKHX NocTpoenuax gpesuux. MmewHo rak cHenyeT HOHHMaTb MakcuMy: « (2, 55, 166—168) go Tpaxrata «De amicitiay («), HanHcanyoro Ha cKaoHe Jer. Paccyx- mas o apyx6e (Cic., de amic., 8, 26), puMckui gusccoh sagaeten M3BEUITBIM BONPOCOM: ONpeserAeTCA AH CTpeMAcHHe K ApyxKGe TeTOBe- weckoit CraGocTbIo KR NOTpeGHOCTAMH, pas KAKA momydaeT HeAocTa- rollee EMy y Apyra HB CRO OFepedb BOsBpallacT Apyry («id accipe- te. ab alio vicissimque redderets), xa“ apyx6a umeeT coOcrBeHHyIO Verb Hee Ipndtta APeBuee, npeKpacnee u NPOHCcTeKaeT H3 CAMO NpH- pomn? Orpanuaennocts comnonornueckoit MePCneKTHBb! He NO3BOACT Lnkepouy yaizerh 5 caMoM pemimpoKHom o6Mene («dandis recupe- randis») nekomoe «proprium amicitiaes (cymlHocTh ;pyK6HI), apes- Hee H MpeKpachoe, npesonpescaennoe npupogon Benes. Oguako STOT HELOCTATOK BOCHOAHAeTCA MOpaNHZaTOpPCKHM GuIo- COPCTRORAHHEM, KOTOPOe BHABAKET BHESKOHOMEYCCKYIO OCHOBY B3aHM- HBIX mpezoctasaennit. Cic., de amic., 9, 31: Ut enim benefici liberalesque Kak Mbt 206poacreabHn H OeA- sumus non ut exigamus gra- Pbl He B OMKHAAHHN GnaroqapHo- liam (neque enim beneficium CTH (Beab MbI He mycKaem 106- faeneramur, sed natura propen- pogeTeab B pocT, HO noABHrae- si liberalitatem sumus), sic MbtK WeAPOCTH MpHponoH), TaK amicitiam non spe mercedis ad- H npyx6y Mb caitaem Ketan HoH He B Hazexkge Ha Bo3sHa- tus ina n ° rpaxkleHHe, HO MOTOMY, §TO BCH ‘us in ipso amore inest, expeten ee BEITOAa 8akaowaeTeH B CaMolt dam putamus. mo6BH. ducii, sed quod omnis eius fruc- Aa saat tes: 207% Arist, Nic Eth, 8, 1: Diog Leert, 8 1, 19 Cp Ter, . 804° ). Tpe6opanve cootneTcraua 3neCh Tem BarkHee, NTO OTCYTCTBHE OKKAAHKN GoALUerO BAaMeH OKasaHHOro onpeseaneT PaBeHCTBO CTOPOH B OTHOWEHHH, KOTOPOe B NONATHAX MOGBM H TaKTa aamaHo Kak aulemeHT cogepKanua. Cic., de amic., 16, 58: Altera sententia est quae defi- nit amiciliam paribus officiis ac voluntatibus. Hoc quidem est nimis exigue et exiliter ad cal- culos vocare amicitiam ut par sit ratio acceptorum el datorum, Divitior mihi et adfluentior vi- detur esse vera amicitia nec ob- servare restricte ne plus reddat quam acceperit. Bropoe mucue — 710, KoTopoe onpevesiser a2pyxK6y paBcHcTsoM yeayr H oOpoxeaateabyoctu. Ho 9370 3HaWHT CAHUIKOM TOUHo HM Me@JIOUHO CBOZHTb ApyKGY K pacueram, rToGbl cpaBHAtoc. HONYUEKHOe H WaHHoe. Mctnanast apyx6a npeacrapasetca MHe uleqpee H MINpe: OHA HE cO6a1O- AaeTCH CTONE CTporo, FTOGE He Hate Gorbtle, 1eM noAyaHA. Ao6poxerarerpnocth, Koropaa ACKWOYaeT auHOCTh H UpHZaerT SKBHBAJCHTHOCTH OTHOUIEHHH XapaKTep HOPMHL, TenaeT oGmen crocoéem GbITHa ApyxXG6H. BsauMHocTh agqeKBaTHOH OUeHKM HYHOCTH, XapakTC- pusylomeh apyxx6y (TpeThA ceHTeHUHA), HaderneT ee crocobHOcTHIO YTBepMAATh NHANBHAYAAbHbIe WHTepechl: cpenH Apyseli TMIHOCTH 06- peraer ce6s, BocniTEBaA B Ce6e yBaxKeHHe K OTLCAbHOMY WeOReKy H HaXOAA IpHsnanve co6cTReHHoOl caMOleHHOCTH. TIpuxnrn go6poro (bonum), Maunectuposanusii B apyx6e, mpu- cym u mpapy («ars boni et aequi»); mpaponoe panencrso nepsona- Yarbuo OGperaerca cpexn apyseri (a npaBoOBbie MapTHepEl craHOBATCA Apysbama), H Kayecrso Apyra oxxHAAeTCA pH 060M MpaBOBOM KOH- raxte. Cic., de off., 1, 15, 48: Nam cum duo genera liberalita- tis sunt, unum dandi beneficii, alterum reddendi, demus necne 142 M6o cyulectsyeT 7Ba BuLa IneD- POCTH: ORHH — OKasbinaTh 61a- Togeauie, xmpyrofi — BosBpa-UlaTb; aTb HIM HET — B naweit BuacTH, He BepHyTs Ao6ppl My2K He HMCeT IipaBa, ECM TOAb- KO OH MOXKET STO CLEMAaTb, HE CO- Bepllaa npecrynaenua. Kauecrsa vir bonus (ao6poro Myxxa} — HopMaTuBHoro yracTHHKa npasozoro oGuienual® —- cMoxeaHpoBaKH c apyra. Plaut., Pers., 762: Improbus est homo qui benefi- Becuected esozek, KoTopolit, cium scit accipere et reddere yMes Gnarogednve UPUAAtTS, BO- nescit. 3aTb (3a Hero) He yMeeT. B sToM 3akqiouaetca cmbtca adopusma «Hoc habeo, quodcumque dedil» (a o6nanai0 Tem, ¥ro organ) (Sen., de benei., 6, 3, 1 — uatara u3 Pa6upan)'*. Moment papenctsa, Npucyuinit skBuBazeHtHOMy oOmeHy, noABaReT- Ch B YYBCTBe OOASAHHOCTH HW YHHAKEHHA ONApeHHoro, KOTOPH UMeHHO AAS BOCCTAHOBACHHA MapHTeTA B OTHOWEHHAX BepHer cTopHneli, Sen., de benef., 2, 2, 1: in nostra potestate est, non red- dere viro bono non licet, modo id facere possit sine iniuria. Molestum verbum est, onero- sum, demisso vullu dicendum arogo». Huius facienda est gra- tia amico et cuiviscumque quem amicum sis promerendo factu- rus. Apyx6a wu go6poxenaredpuocrp, oupexeriowmasa YuusuTeapoe 3To CJIOBO, THK- Koe, Korma, onycrHR raa3a, ro- BOpHWb «npouly». Crenyet oKa- 3hBaTh GJaronesune Apyry Mm BCAKOMY, KOTO, O63bIBaa, Je- Faelib APYFOM. PpaBeHcTBo cTO- POH B OTROWEHHH, NOsBOMSICT Mpeozowerh AeKiacchpyloului oppexr oT Hoayyenua Gaarogesuua (Publ. Syr., 80: «Beneficia donari aut ma- li aut stulti putants. Cfr., Publ. Syr., 46: tial., 7, 43). Sen., de benef., 2, 1, 4: Non tulit gratis qui, cum rogas- set, accepit, quoniam quidem, ut maioribus nostris gravissimis viris visum est, «nulla aula ca- rius constat quam quae precibus empta est». Plin., ep. 4 17, 1; Mar- Tor, Kro nozyyHa To mpocnée, Geper He JapoM, noTomy 4ro, Kak Novara Wan NpeaRH, MYapeliine My2KH, «HET rOputKa AOpoke TOO, YO HOYSeH HB MIOcTHS, Tlapenue, Sesposmesqnoe GiarogedHHe OKA3HIBACTCH BOSMOKHDIM TOKO MEXAY APYSbHMu, CTAHOBHTCA 3Hakom Apy%Gl. Sen., de be- nef., 3, 27, 3: Nemo credet te mecum in gra- tiam redisse nisi aliquid mihi dederis. ® G Mospotitee ow § 2 ra, IV. Haxro we noseput, uro Mexay HaMH BOCCTAHOBIEHLI ROOpLie OTHOWECHHA, MOKA Thl MH YTO- HHOYAb He TOAApHUp. ut inter bonos bene agier» » copuyae ucka 3 gorosopa fiducia, Cu. tame: Plaut, Truc, 885: «..ubi amici, ibidem opes» (rae xpysba, Tam xe H cocrosuae); Martial, 5, 42, 7—8: «Extra fortunam est quidquid donatur’ ami- Cis» (He NOMBepReHO KanpH3am CyALOM TO, ITO NOTapeno apysbam); (azmb To, ¥ro OT2a.1, Mee Bceraa). 143pyr ve 6outca yHusHTbeA, MpHHHMaa Onarogesuue, clatTb Onaro- Aapabim. OrBepruyte 61aroseauhe 3HauHT OcKOpOuTh. TlaeGeiicko# momsoctew, mpoTHBopedauieh BceMy cozepKaHio tpaktata Cenexu , sto WaMATKH aHTH4HOTO AKeH- TALMEeHA, BbITAAAUT 3anRneHne (Sen., de benel., 4, 13, 2): «Quid mea interest an recipiam beneficia? Etiam cum recepero, danda sunt» (Kakofi mHe cmbica IpHHNMaTL 6narogeanua? Beab Aaxe ecam IpHMy, ux HyAKHO oTgatD). Hetuunomy apHcToKpaTn3my yaar Liunepor: «Est animi ingenui, cui multum debeas, eidem plurimum velle debere» (cBofictso 6aropoanoh Ayu -- *KexaTD 3aNOMKaTD ewe Goble TO- MY, KOMy yoke MHOro JomxKen). Sen., de benef., 4, 40, 2: Nec enim ideo beneficium no- vum reicere debeo quia nondum prius reddidi. Accipiam tam li- benter quam dabitur et praebe- bo me amico meo exercendae bonitatis suae capacem materi- am. Qui nova accipere non vult acceptis offenditur. Beab A HE OMKEH oTBEprath HoBOe GAarozemHHe u3-3a Toro, uTO He OTIMATHA 3a mpexkuee, A npumy cton» 2%Ke OXOTHO, KaK Aaerca, H 1aM Moemy Apyry Bo3- MOXKHOCTh BHK&SaTb MHe CBOE pacnonoxenne. Kio He xouer IpnunMaty HOBLe GaaroneanAA, yMaJaeT UpHHsITEIC, OrnaatutTb cpasy Ke O3Ha4aeT OTBEprHyTb ycayry. Sen., de benef., 4, 40, 5: Qui festinat ulique reddere, non habet animum = grati hominis, sed debitoris; et ut breviter, qui nimis cupit solvere, invitus de- bet. qui invitus debet, ingratus est. bid, 6, 33, 1: Dum graium amicum festinat ostendere, ingratus est. Tbid., 4, 24, 1: .dicitur gratus qui bono acce- pit beneficium, bono debet. Kro cnet Bo3qatp 3a moay- uenuoe, gelictayer ¢ cosHauHem ne OaarogapHoro YenoBeKa, a AOMKHUKA; KOPOYe TOBOPA, KTO CAHWKOM CTPeMHTCA OTNMaTHTh, TOT JOMKEH MOKEROMe, KTO AOJ- oKell MoHeBOsIe, TOT HeSaaropa- pen. Kro cnemint sBbipasitb Oaaro- Aapuocrh, HeOwarogapes. .OJATORAPHEIM HASHBaeTCA TOT, KTO Mo-mo6pomy npunaa 6saro- AeTHHe y TO-f06POMy NOsKEH. Cubic BSdHMHBIX MpegocraBAenHii B oGecneyeunn ce6e paBHolt NOSHUHE CpedH H36paHHblx (CaMHM HHAMBEDOM!) ABU, B OOpeTeHHH ce6a B 1O6pOM OTHOIMEHHH, B NOJOAHTCIDHOM OUcHKe (CooTRETCTBYI0- meit camooneHke), B HHOpMallHOHHOM OGMeHe paBHBIx nO cTaTyCy mogeit, Ckaxkn MHe, KTO TBOM Apyr... DKRVBANCHTHOCTH O6MeHA KaK BbIPaxkeive papeHcTRa cTOpoH (Sen., de benef., 2, 21, 2: «..amicitia similes iungit» (apy#x6a coeaH- HAeT MOLOGHEIX) NPUHRUNMANDHO OTANGAET PeILHTPOKHbIA OGMeH MeXxK- AY pHMcKHMH amici oT o6MeHa AapaMM B TPaRMMHOHHDIX OGeCTBAaX, 144