Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Design in Reinforced Concrete To BS 8110 1
Design in Reinforced Concrete To BS 8110 1
Introduction
• Reinforced concrete is a composite material,
consisting of steel reinforcing bars embedded
in concrete.
• Concrete has high compressive strength but
low tensile strength.
• Steel bars can resist high tensile stresses but
will buckle when subjected to comparatively
low compressive stresses.
Introduction
• Steel bars are used in the zones within a
concrete member which will be subjected to
tensile stresses.
• Reinforced concrete is an economical
structural material which is both strong in
compression and in tension.
• Concrete provides corrosion protection and
fire resistance to the steel bars.
Basic of design
• Two limit states design for reinforced concrete
in accordance to BS 8110.
1. Ultimate limit state – considers the behaviour
of the element at failure due to bending,
shear and compression or tension.
2. The serviceability limit state considers the
behaviour of the member at working loads
and is concerned with deflection and
cracking.
Material properties - concrete
• The most important property is the compressive
strength. The strength may vary due to operation
such as transportation, compaction and curing.
• Compressive strength is determined by
conducting compressive test on concrete
specimens after 28 days of casting.
• Two types of specimen: (1) 100 mm cube (BS
standard), and (2) 100 mm diameter by 200 mm
long cylinder.
Characteristic compressive strength of
concrete
• Characteristic strength of concrete is defined
as the value below which no more than 5
percent of the test results fall.,
Characteristic compressive strength
Cylinder strength (fcu) of concrete
Cube strength
BS 8110, 1997
Durability (clause 3.1.5, BS 8110)
• Durability of concrete structures is achieved
by:
1. The minimum strength class of concrete
2. The minimum cover to reinforcement
3. The minimum cement content
4. The maximum water/cement ratio
5. The cement type or combination
6. The maximum allowable surface crack width
Fire protection (clause 3.3.6, BS8110)
• Fire protection of reinforced concrete
members is largely by specifying limits for:
1. Nominal thickness of cover to the
reinforcement,
2. Minimum dimensions of members.
Concrete cover for fire resistance
BS 8110, 1997
Minimum dimension for reinforced
concrete members for fire resistance
BS 8110, 1997
Beams (clause 3.4, BS8110)
• Beams in reinforced concrete structures can
be defined according to:
1. Cross-section
2. Position of reinforcement
3. Support conditions
Beam design
• In ultimate limit state, bending is critical for
moderately loaded medium span beams.
Shear is critical for heavily loaded short span
beams.
• In service limit state, deflection will be
considered.
• Therefore, every beam must be design against
bending moment resistance, shear resistance
and deflection.
Types of beam by cross section
d h
AS
Design for bending
M ≤ Mu
Maximum moment on beam ≤ moment capacity of
the section
The moment capacity of the beam is affected by:
1. The effective depth, d
2. Amount of reinforcement,
3. Strength of steel bars
4. Strength of concrete
Singly reinforced beam
Moment capacity of singly reinforced
beam
z
Fst
Force equilibrium
Fst = Fcc
Fcc = stress x area
=
Singly reinforced beam
• If
Then the singly reinforced section is sufficient to
resist moment.
Otherwise, the designer have to increase the
section size or design a doubly reinforced
section
Doubly reinforced beam
• If
The concrete will have insufficient strength in
compression. Steel reinforcement can be
provided in the compression zone to increase
compressive force.
Beams which contain tension and compression
reinforcement are termed doubly reinforced.
Doubly reinforced beam
• Sv ≤ 0.75d
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement
(Chanakya Arya, 2009)
• Design the shear reinforcement for the beam
using high yield steel fy = 500 N/mm2 for the
following load cases:
1. qk = 0
2. qk = 10 kN/m
3. qk = 45 kN/m
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement
(Chanakya Arya, 2009)
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement (Chanakya Arya, 2009)
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement (Chanakya Arya, 2009)
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement (Chanakya Arya, 2009)
= 0.3
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement (Chanakya Arya, 2009)
Nominal shear links can be used from mid-span to position v = 1.05 N/mm2, to produce an
economical design
Reinforcement detailing.
Deflection
• For rectangular beam,
1. The final deflection should not exceed span/250
2. Deflection after construction of finishes and
partitions should not exceed span/500 or
20mm, whichever is the lesser, for spans up to
10 m.
BS 8110 uses an approximate method based on
permissible ratios of the span/effective depth.
Deflection (clause 3.4.6.3)
Simply
supported
beam