Assignment 4

Note: All the Questions are from Fluid Mechanics by Frank M. White. You may consult the book for
nomenclature / references. There will be a quiz related to these questions in the week starting from
December 12.

Q1) An ideal gas flows adiabatically through a duct. At section 1, p1 = 140 kPa, T1 = 260°C, and V1 = 75
m/s. Farther downstream, p2 = 30 kPa and T2 = 207°C. Calculate V2 in m/s and s2 − s1 in J/(kg ⋅ K) if the
gas is (a) air, k = 1.4, and (b) argon, k = 1.67.?

Q2) Liquid hydrogen and oxygen are burned in a combustion chamber and fed through a rocket nozzle
that exhausts at Vexit = 1600 m/s to an ambient pressure of 54 kPa. The nozzle exit diameter is 45 cm,
and the jet exit density is 0.15 kg/m3. If the exhaust gas has a molecular weight of 18, estimate (a) the
exit gas temperature, (b) the mass flow.

Q3) A certain aircraft flies at 609 mi/h at standard sea level. (a) What is its Mach number? (b) If it flies
at the same Mach number at 34,000 ft altitude, how much slower (or faster) is it flying, in mi/h?.

Q4) Race cars at the Indianapolis Speedway average speeds of 185 mi/h. After determining the altitude
of Indianapolis, find the Mach number of these cars and estimate whether compressibility might affect
their aerodynamics.

Q5) Given the pitot stagnation temperature and pressure and the static pressure measurements in
Fig. Q5, estimate the air velocity V, assuming (a) incompressible flow and (b) compressible flow.

Fig. Q5

Q6) A pitot tube, mounted on an airplane flying at 8000 m standard altitude, reads a stagnation
pressure of 57 kPa. Estimate the plane’s (a) velocity and (b) Mach number.

Q7) When does the incompressible-flow assumption begin to fail for pressures? Construct a graph of
p0/p for incompressible flow of a perfect gas as compared to Eq. (9.28a). Plot both versus Mach
number for 0 ≤ Ma ≤ 0.6.

Q8) N2O expands isentropically through a duct from p1 = 200 kPa and T1 = 250°C to a downstream
section where p2 = 26 kPa and V2 = 594 m/s. Compute (a) T2; (b) M2; (c) To; (d ) po; (e) V1; and (f ) M1.