‫تمرینات بخش سیاالت تراکم پذیر‬

1.Air flows steadily between two sections in a duct. At section (1), the temperature and pressure are T1 80 C, p1
301 kPa(abs), and at section (2), the temperature and pressure are T2 180 C, p2 181 kPa(abs). Calculate the (a)
change in internal energy between sections (1) and (2), (b) change in enthalpy between sections (1) and (2), (c)
change in density between sections (1) and (2), (d) change in entropy between sections (1) and (2). How would you
estimate the loss of available energy between the two sections of this flow?

2. Air expands adiabatically through a turbine from a pressure and temperature of 180 psia, 1600 R to a pressure of
14.7 psia. If the actual temperature change is 85% of the ideal temperature change, determine the actual temperature
of the expanded air and the actual enthalpy and entropy differences across the turbine.

3. The flow of an ideal gas may be considered incompressible if the Mach number is less than 0.3. Determine the
velocity level in ft/s and in m/s for Ma 0.3 in the following gases: (a) standard air, (b) hydrogen at 68 F

4. Air flows steadily and isentropically from standard atmospheric conditions to a receiver pipe through a
converging duct.The cross-sectional area of the throat of the converging duct is 0.05 ft2. Determine the mass
flowrate through the duct if the receiver pressure is (a) 10 psia, (b) 5 psia. Sketch temperature–entropy diagrams for
situations (a) and (b). Verify results obtained with values from the appropriate graph in Appendix D with
calculations involving ideal gas equations. Is condensation of water vapor a concern? Explain.

5. The stagnation pressure indicated by a Pitot tube mounted on an airplane in flight is 45 kPa(abs). If the aircraft is
cruising in standard atmosphere at an altitude of 10,000 m, determine the speed and Mach number involved

6. Helium at 68 F and 14.7 psia in a large tank flows steadily and isentropically through a converging nozzle to a
receiver pipe. The cross-sectional area of the throat of the converging passage is 0.05 ft2. Determine the mass
flowrate through the duct if the receiver pressure is (a) 10 psia, (b) 5 psia. Sketch temperature–entropy diagrams for
situations (a) and (b).

7. An ideal gas flows isentropically through a converging–diverging nozzle. At a section in the converging portion
of the nozzle, A1 0.1 m2, p1 600 kPa(abs), T1 20 C, and Ma1 0.6. For section (2) in the diverging part of the
nozzle, determine A2,p2, and T2 if Ma2 3.0 and the gas is air.

8. Upstream of the throat of an isentropic converging–diverging nozzle at section (1), V1 150 m/s, p1 100
kPa(abs),and T1 20 C. If the discharge flow is supersonic and the throat area is 0.1 m2, determine the mass flowrate
in kg/s for the flow of air.
9. Standard atmospheric air (T0 59 F, p0 14.7 psia) is drawn steadily through a frictionless and adiabatic
converging nozzle into an adiabatic, constant cross-sectional area duct. The duct is 10 ft long and has an inside
diameter of 0.5 ft. The average friction factor for the duct may be estimated as being equal to 0.03. What is the
maximum mass flowrate in slugs/s through the duct? For this maximum flowrate, determine the values of static
temperature, static pressure, stagnation temperature, stagnation pressure, and velocity at the inlet [section (1)] and
exit [section (2)] of the constant area duct. Sketch a temperature–entropy diagram for this flow.

10. If the average friction factor of the duct of Example 11.12 is changed to (a) 0.01 or (b) 0.03, determine the
maximum
mass flowrate of air through the duct associated with each new friction factor; compare with the maximum mass
flowrate value of Example 11.12