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Project Report
POLLUTION
Submitted By –
Registration No : 117-1121-0725-15
Session : 2017-2018
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thank You
-Aayush Mundar
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CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Environmental
Pollution …………………………………………………………. .
2. Meaning of Environmental
Pollution ………………………………………………………….
4. Types of Environmental
Pollution …………………………………………………………
5. Sources of Environmental
Pollution …………………………………………………………
10.Environmental Pollution
Prevention ……………………………………………………….
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During the last few decades, the global environment has gone through
serious challenges and changes. Population pressure has escaped rapidly
consequently resources have dwindled.
Human being can be exposed to pollutant in many ways through the air
they breathe, the water they drink, the food they eat and the cosmetics,
drugs and other products they use. The continuing discovery of
previously unsuspected hazards from various chemicals and other
substances underscore the point. The environmental and human health
effect of even those substances identified for priority consideration.
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Pollutants also move among the media by changing into more, or less
hazardous substances as they move through environment. They may
accumulate in sinks for long period of time and people often are exposed
to the same pollutant through the one medium by breathing air, drinking
water, eating food or absorbing it through skin.
Generally new industrial plants reduce less waste than older ones. One
report estimates that new factories cut the amount of hazardous waste to
half. Dilution which increases the volume of waste, is now more
common than segregations.
The sewage treatment plant can degrade the organic waste but the metal
of cyanide accumulates in the plants sludge. A cross media approach
designed to avoid this problem might require the discharger to segregate
and treat separately the heavy metals and cyanide to prevent their
release.
Once wastes are segregated, they are easy to recycle or treat. As a better
understanding of nature and extent of Cross media problem is gained,
society will also find better ways to improve both the effectiveness and
efficiency of pollution control policies.
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Nature has provided the basic ingredients for living in abundance and
whatever is used up during normal course of living is recaptured through
natural cycle. Any effort to disturb this process is termed as
Environment pollution.
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Man is the main agent for polluting the environment Nature can cope
with certain degree of pollution because it has its own cleaning agents .
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Pollution increases not only because the people multiply and the space
available to each person becomes smaller but also because the demands
per person are continuously increasing and each throws away more and
more every year. Pollutants are the residues of the things we make, use
and throw away.
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iii. Pollutants :
According to “The Indian Environment Protection Act 1980” a pollutant
has been defined as any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in
such concentration as may be or tend to be injurious to environment.
Classification of Pollutants:
The classification of pollutants is done from different points of view .
Depending upon their existence in nature pollutants are of two types, namely:
(i) Quantitative and
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Examples are:
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Like air and water, soil is also subjected to pollution. Soil contains many
microbes.
Sound can propagate through a medium like air, liquid or solid. Sound
wave is a pressure perturbation in the medium through which sound
travels. Sound pressure alternately causes compression and rarefaction.
The number of compressions and rarefactions of the molecules of the
medium (for example air) in a unit time is described as frequency. It is
expressed in Hertz (Hz) and is equal to the number of cycles per second.
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(c) Dust storms increase the wind-blown dust into the environment.
(d) Bacteria, spores, cysts and pollens are all natural pollutants.
1. Domestic sources
2. Industries
3. Agriculture activities
4. Radioactive waste
(a) Industrialisation
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Effect on plants, the adverse effects range from reduction in growth rate
to death of the plant. The damage caused to plants by pollution includes
necrosis (dead areas on a leaf structure), chlorosis (loss or reduction of
chlorophyll leading to yellowing of leaf), epinasty (downward curvature
of the leaf due to higher rate of growth on the upper surface) and
abscission of leaves (premature fall). Pollution also causes deterioration
of structural materials such as marble and lime stone.
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