Job Number Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Retaining Wall Design : Ver W2.5.07 - 24 Aug 2011

Title : CS 2408
C14
Input Data

Wall Dimensions Unfactored Live Loads General Parameters Design Parameters

H1 (m) 2.25 C (m) 0.2 W (kN/m²) 10 Soil frict f (°) 35 SF Overt. 1.5
H2 (m) 0.2 F (m) 0.3 P (kN) 0 Fill slope b (°) 0 SF Slip 1.5
H3 (m) 0 xf (m) 0.8 xp (m) 0 Wall frict d (°) 30 ULS DL Factor 1.4
Hw (m) 0 At (m) 0.2 L (kN/m) 0 r Conc kN/m3 24 ULS LL Factor 1.6
Hr (m) 0.36 Ab (m) 0.2 xl (m) 0 r Soil kN/m3 18 Pmax (kPa) 200
B (m) 0.8 Cov wall mm 45 Lh (kN/m) fcu (MPa) 25 Soil Poisson u 0.5
D (m) 0.3 Cov base mm 45 x (m) 0 fy (MPa) 460 DL Factor Ovt. 0.9

Seepage allowed
Active pressure NOT applied on back of shear key for sliding

Theory : Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:OFF

Hor Accel. (g) 0.02

Vert Accel. (g) 0.01
Include LL's Y

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka :0.270 (User Defined)

Passive Pressure coefficient Kp :3.700 (User Defined)
Base frictional constant µ :0.450 (User Defined)

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 10.654 0.750 6.151 1.000
As a result of surcharge w 5.261 1.125 3.038 1.000

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -1.332 0.067
Weight of the wall + base 17.520 0.811
Weight of soil on the base 11.070 1.150
UDL of 10.0 kPa 3.000 1.150

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m width

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
 Job Number Sheet
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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
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E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Stabilizing moment Mr : 30.48 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 4.72 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 6.456

2.Force Equilibrium at SLS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 40.78 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 18.35 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 6.99 kN
Passive pressure on base : 1.33 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 26.68 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 15.91 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 15.91 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 1.676

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 14.915 0.750 8.611 1.000
As a result of surcharge w 8.418 1.125 4.860 1.000

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -1.199 0.067
Weight of the wall + base 15.768 0.811
Weight of soil on the base 9.963 1.150
UDL of 9.0 kPa 2.700 1.150

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m width

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 27.43 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 7.19 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 3.818

2.Force Equilibrium at ULS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 36.70 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 16.52 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 6.29 kN
Passive pressure on base : 1.20 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 24.01 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 23.33 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 23.33 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 1.029

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS

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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
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Maximum pressure : 34.03 kPa

Minimum pressure : 28.71 kPa
Maximum pressure occurs at left hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO BS8110 - 1985

Position from Moment Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

base top (m ) (kNm ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m )

0.00 15.27 0.00 276.94 260.00

0.04 14.51 0.00 263.26 260.00
0.08 13.78 0.00 250.01 260.00
0.12 13.08 0.00 237.20 260.00
0.16 12.39 0.00 224.81 260.00
0.21 11.73 0.00 212.85 260.00
0.25 11.10 0.00 201.30 260.00
0.29 10.48 0.00 190.16 260.00
0.33 9.89 0.00 179.42 260.00
0.37 9.32 0.00 169.07 260.00
0.41 8.77 0.00 159.11 260.00
0.45 8.24 0.00 149.53 260.00
0.49 7.74 0.00 140.32 260.00
0.53 7.25 0.00 131.49 260.00
0.57 6.78 0.00 123.01 260.00
0.62 6.33 0.00 114.88 260.00
0.66 5.90 0.00 107.10 260.00
0.70 5.49 0.00 99.66 260.00
0.74 5.10 0.00 92.55 260.00
0.78 4.73 0.00 85.76 260.00
0.82 4.37 0.00 79.30 260.00
0.86 4.03 0.00 73.15 260.00
0.90 3.71 0.00 67.30 260.00
0.94 3.40 0.00 61.75 260.00
0.98 3.11 0.00 56.50 260.00
1.02 2.84 0.00 51.53 260.00
1.07 2.58 0.00 46.84 260.00
1.11 2.34 0.00 42.41 260.00
1.15 2.11 0.00 38.26 260.00
1.19 1.89 0.00 34.36 260.00
1.23 1.69 0.00 30.71 260.00
1.27 1.51 0.00 27.31 260.00
1.31 1.33 0.00 24.14 260.00
1.35 1.17 0.00 21.21 260.00
1.39 1.02 0.00 18.49 260.00
1.43 0.88 0.00 16.00 260.00
1.48 0.76 0.00 13.72 260.00
1.52 0.64 0.00 11.63 260.00
1.56 0.54 0.00 9.75 260.00
1.60 0.44 0.00 8.06 260.00
1.64 0.36 0.00 6.54 260.00
1.68 0.29 0.00 5.21 260.00
1.72 0.22 0.00 4.04 260.00
1.76 0.17 0.00 3.04 260.00
1.80 0.12 0.00 2.19 260.00
1.84 0.08 0.00 1.49 260.00
1.89 0.05 0.00 0.94 260.00
1.93 0.03 0.00 0.52 260.00
1.97 0.01 0.00 0.23 260.00
2.01 0.00 0.00 0.06 260.00
2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 260.00

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO BS8110 - 1985

Position from Moment Top Reinforcing Bot Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

left (m ) (kNm ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m )

0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 260.00

0.03 -0.01 0.00 0.24 260.00
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0.05 -0.05 0.00 0.98 260.00

0.08 -0.12 0.00 2.20 260.00
0.10 -0.22 0.00 3.90 260.00
0.13 -0.34 0.00 6.10 260.00
0.16 -0.48 0.00 8.79 260.00
0.18 -0.66 0.00 11.96 260.00
0.21 -0.86 0.00 15.62 260.00
0.23 -1.09 0.00 19.77 260.00
0.26 -1.35 0.00 24.40 260.00
0.29 -1.63 0.00 29.53 260.00
0.31 -1.94 0.00 35.14 260.00
0.34 -2.27 0.00 41.24 260.00
0.36 -2.64 0.00 47.83 260.00
0.39 -3.03 0.00 54.91 260.00
0.42 -3.44 0.00 62.48 260.00
0.44 -3.89 0.00 70.53 260.00
0.47 -4.36 0.00 79.07 260.00
0.49 -4.86 0.00 88.10 260.00
0.52 -5.38 0.00 97.62 260.00
0.55 -5.93 0.00 107.63 260.00
0.57 -6.51 0.00 118.12 260.00
0.60 -7.12 0.00 129.10 260.00
0.62 -7.75 0.00 140.57 260.00
0.65 -8.41 0.00 152.53 260.00
0.68 -9.09 0.00 164.98 260.00
0.70 -9.81 0.00 177.91 260.00
0.73 -10.55 0.00 191.34 260.00
0.75 -11.31 0.00 205.25 260.00
0.78 -12.11 0.00 219.64 260.00
0.81 -12.93 0.00 234.53 260.00
0.83 -13.78 0.00 249.91 260.00
0.86 -14.65 0.00 265.77 260.00
0.88 -15.55 0.00 0.00 260.00
0.91 -16.48 0.00 0.00 260.00
0.94 -16.77 0.00 0.00 260.00
0.96 2.41 0.00 0.00 260.00
0.99 1.92 0.00 0.00 260.00
1.01 1.66 30.04 0.00 260.00
1.04 1.41 25.60 0.00 260.00
1.07 1.19 21.51 0.00 260.00
1.09 0.98 17.77 0.00 260.00
1.12 0.79 14.40 0.00 260.00
1.14 0.63 11.38 0.00 260.00
1.17 0.48 8.71 0.00 260.00
1.20 0.35 6.40 0.00 260.00
1.22 0.24 4.44 0.00 260.00
1.25 0.16 2.84 0.00 260.00
1.27 0.09 1.60 0.00 260.00
1.30 0.04 0.71 0.00 260.00

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO BS8110 - 1985

Shear force at bottom of wall V = 19.5 kN

Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.13 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.46 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Sketch of Wall

Design code: BS8110 - 1985

0.20 10.00
0.00°
30.00°

35.00°
2.25

0.80 0.200.30
0.20

0.20
0.00

0.80
0.30

Ka=0.27 (User defined)

Kp=3.70 (User defined)
µ=0.45 (User def.)
V= 19.5kN
34.0kPa 28.7kPa v= 0.13MPa
Wall type: Cantilever SFslip = 1.68 vc= 0.46MPa
Theory: Coulomb SFslip (ULS) = 1.03
SFovt = 6.46
SFovt (ULS) = 3.82
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Wall Bending Moments

Wall Moments

Moment max = 15.27kNm @ -.200m

2.00

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20
Height (m)

1.00

.800

.600

.400

.200
2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0
Bending moment (kNm)

Base Bending Moments

Base Moments Moment max = -16.77kNm @ .900m

2.00
.100

.200

.300

.400

.500

.600

.700

.800

.900

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

-2.00
Bending moment (kNm)

-4.00
-6.00
-8.00
-10.0
-12.0
-14.0
-16.0

Position (m)