Ch-13,14 and 15 The UN and Its Agencies & NAM

SYLLABUS: United Nations (i) The objectives of the U.N. The composition and functions of the General Assembly, the
Security Council, and the International Court of Justice.

(ii) Major agencies of the United Nations: UNICEF, WHO and UNESCO – functions only.

Non-Aligned Movement: Brief meaning; objectives; Panchsheel; role of Jawaharlal Nehru; Names of the architects of
NAM.

 After the horror of another world war within 25 years of the previous one the world leaders established the UN on October
24,1945 with New York as its headquarters and following
Objectives-

a. To maintain international peace and security preventing all threats to peace.

b. To develop friendly relations among countries on the basis of self determination.
c. To achieve international cooperation in solving political, social and economic issues.
d. To be a harmonizing factor for the nations’ actions.
e. To disarms, disfranchise and decolonize.

EMBLEM
 There are 6 organs of the UN-

1. The General Assembly

2. The Security Council
3. The Secretariat
4. The International Court of Justice
5. Economic and Social Council
6. Trusteeship Council

The General Assembly The Security Council International Court of Justice

deliberative organ executive and the most important organ Headquartered at the Hague,
Netherlands
COMPOSITION 193 (5 representatives for each) 5 permanents members (China, France, 15 judges elected for 9 years
UK, US, Russia) and term.
15 Non Permanent Members elected One third members retire
for a 2 years term selected through 2/3 after every three years. (the
majority vote not eligible immediately possibility of a retiring judge
after the lapse of the 2nd year electing again)

functions a. To make recommendations
on the principles of
cooperation in maintaining
international peace and
security.
b. To discuss questions on
international peace and
security.
c. To receive reports from the
UNSC and other organs.
d. To approve the UN budget
a. To investigate into any dispute that i. Compulsory- Disputes
might harm world peace and take against the treaties,
necessary military actions. disputes related with
b. To formulate a system to regulating the international law
arms. interpretation,
c. To put economic sanctions on an
compensation to be
aggressor with the help other
made against the
member countries.
breach of laws.
d. To recommend the admission of a
new UN members and the ii. Advisory- It can give
Secretary General as the head of advisory opinions to
 and elect non permanent the UN. the UN organs and
members of the UNSC. agencies.

Major Agencies of the UN

UNICEF-United Nations Children’s WHO-World Health Organization UNESCO-United Nations

Fund- Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization

Established in 1946 1948 1945

Headquarter New York Geneva Paris
functions i. Protection of children with respect i. Helping the countries in i. Organising the seminars
of their survival, health and improving their health system by and conference of scientist
 wellbeing.
ii. Providing funds to train the health
personnel.
iii. Providing technical help to the
health clinics and arranging clean
drinking water to the villages.
iv. Prevention of major diseases-TB,
Malaria etc-.
NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT 1961
building up infrastructure.
ii. Giving important drugs for the
immunization against Measles,
Diphtheria, TB,Tetanus,Polio,
Whooping Cough etc.
iii. Promoting research to cure
and prevent diseases.
and circulating information
through ‘Courier’.
ii. Promoting research in the
fields of Geology,
Maths.,Physics and
Oceanography.
iii. Encouragement of
Social Sciences for
combatting discrimination.
Balancing the manpower.
MEANING
Policy of not aligning with either of
the two power blocs, that is
Capitalist bloc led by USA or
Communist bloc led by
USSR(Soviet Union) formed, after
the Second World War.
Does not mean: to stay away from
world affairs
Rather means: to actively
participate in world affairs based on
independent decision.
Started: after world war II during
cold war.
Started by: leaders of Egypt, India
and Yugoslavia
Joined by: Newly independent
countries of Asia and Africa
Meetings of NAM called as:
Summit
First NAM summit held in 1961,
at Belgrade in Yugoslavia.
Attended by 25 countries.
The 18th Summit of the Non-Aligned
Movement was held October 25–26, 2019
in Baku, Azerbaijan. The summit was
attended by the delegation from more
than 120 countries.
ARCHITECTS: OBJECTIVES OF NAM:
1. Jawaharlal 1. To keep away the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa
Nehru:
India from the superpower rivalry
2. Jossip Broz 2. To protect the nascent freedom of the new-born independent countries
Tito: of Asia and Africa from colonial domination.
Yugoslavia
3. To eliminate all those causes which could lead to war.
3. Gamal Abdul
Nasser: 4. To oppose colonialism imperialism and racial discrimination.
Egypt 5. To advocate sovereign equality of all states.
6. To encourage friendly relations among countries.
4. Kwame
Nkruma: 7. To advocate peaceful settlement of international disputes.
Ghana 8. To oppose the use of force and the use of nuclear weapons.
5. Sukarno:
9. To protect human rights and to protect the environment.
Indonesia
5 Principles of Peaceful Co existence called Panchsheel in 1954
between India and China:
1. Mutual non-Interference
2. Mutual non aggression
3. Equality
4. Mutual respect for each other’s sovereignty and integrity.
5. Peaceful coexistence.
Jawahar Lal Nehru’s role He initiated the NAM.
1. He suggested the newly independent nations to keep themselves
away from the two power blocs.
2. He took the members and architect of NAM to the Bandung
conference that created NAM.
3. He said that by joining any of the blocs you would surrender
your opinions.
4. He criticized apartheid.
Jawaharlal Nehru: India, Kwame Nkruma: Ghana Gamal Abdul Nasser: Egypt Sukarno: Indonesia
Jossip Broz Tito: Yugoslavia