Summary of Chapter 8: Mechanical Properties of Solids

This chapter focuses on the behavior of solids when subjected to external forces and how they
deform. Here are the key points:

1. Introduction:

· Solids have definite shape and size and tend to resist changes in them.

· Elasticity is the property of a material to regain its original shape when force is removed.

· Plasticity is the property of a material to retain deformation after force is removed.

2. Stress and Strain:

· Stress is the internal restoring force per unit area developed in a body when a force is
applied.

· Strain is the ratio of deformation to the original dimension of the body.

· There are three types of stress: tensile, compressive, and shearing.

· There are three types of strain: longitudinal, shear, and volume.

3. Hooke's Law:
 · For small deformations, stress and strain are proportional to each other.

· This proportionality constant is called the modulus of elasticity.

· Hooke's law only applies in the elastic region of the stress-strain curve.

4. Stress-Strain Curve:

· This curve shows the relationship between stress and strain for a specific material.

· It helps understand how a material deforms with increasing loads.

· Important points on the curve:

·
· O to A: Elastic region (Hooke's law applies)
·
· B: Yield point (beyond which permanent deformation occurs)
·
· D: Ultimate tensile strength (maximum stress before fracture)
·
· E: Fracture point
·
·

5. Applications:

· Knowledge of elastic properties of materials is crucial in engineering design.

 · Stress-strain curves help choose materials for specific applications based on their elastic
and plastic behavior.

Additional notes:

· The text also mentions hydraulic stress and strain related to pressure applied to fluids.

· The strain units are dimensionless because they are ratios of deformations.