MERU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

P.O. Box 972-60200 – Meru-Kenya.

Tel: +254 (0)799529958, +254 (0)799529959, +254 (0)712524293
Website: www.must.ac.ke Email: info@must.ac.ke
University Examinations 2020/2021
FOURTH YEAR, SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION SCIENCE AND BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND EXTENSION

EMP 3451: EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

DATE: JULY 2021 TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and any other Two questions

QUESTION ONE (COMPULSORY) - 30 MARKS

a) Explain the following terms as applied in education ( 5 Marks)
i) Educational planning
ii) Wasteful imbalances
iii) School Mapping
iv) Educational Outcome
v) Universal Education
b) You have been provided with the following information about country X
- Entry age to primary school is 7 years
- The primary school cycle lasts 8 years
- Estimated population in the current year is 480,000
- The current enrolment from class 1-8 is 251,835

Calculate:
i. The Enrolment Ratio of country X (2 Marks)
ii. The Non-Schooling Gap of country X (3 Marks)

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c) Briefly explain any 5 features of educational plans that educational planners should consider
( 5 Marks)
d) Explain 5 reasons why demographic variables are required by educational planners to
execute their plans ( 5 Marks)
e) Describe 5 factors that should be considered when planning the location of a secondary
school in Kenya ( 5 Marks)

f) Explain 5 ways in which Covid 19 pandemic has influenced educational planning in

countries around the world ( 5 Marks)

SECTION B (Answer any TWO questions)

QUESTION TWO
Educational Planning is a critical process that requires carefully thought out methodologies.
Discuss any 4 methodologies applied in educational planning in developing countries giving
merits and demerits of each method (20 Marks)

QUESTION THREE
a) As an educational planner, explain 5 strategies that can be applied in developing countries to
ensure high enrolment, retention and graduation rates in education ( 10 Marks)

b) Citing examples drawn from Kenya, discuss 5 reasons why educational planning has been
accepted as a noble exercise in educational development in the developing world (10 Marks)

QUESTION FOUR
a) Educational planning has been experiencing numerous drawbacks in the recent past in
Kenya. Discuss 5 of these drawbacks, citing relevant examples ( 15 Marks)
b) Suggest a solution for each of the drawbacks cited in (a) above ( 5 Marks)

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QUESTION FIVE
The table below shows the flow of secondary school students in a hypothetical country between
year 2005 and 2008

Table 1:
YEAR GRADE/FORM GRADUATES
1 2 3 4
2005 220,000 197,000 189,000 164,000 121,000
Repeaters 10,500 9,800 9,100 10,900
2006 236,000 204,000 186,000 180,000 140,000
Repeaters 10,600 9,850 9,000 10,800
2007 247,000 221,000 192,000 172,000 134,000
Repeaters 10,800 9,800 9,300 10,600
2008 256,000 229,000 212,000 183,000 139,000
Repeaters 10,900 9,900 8,900 10,900

From table 1 above, compute the following:-

i) Grade Survival Rate between form 1 and 2 in 2007 ( 3 Marks)
ii) Grade Repeater Rate in form 1 in 2006 ( 2 Marks)
iii) Graduation Rates for each of the years; 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 ( 4 Marks)
iv) Grade Wastage Rate between for 2 and 3 in 2007 ( 3 Marks)
v) Grade Retention Rate between for 3 and 4 in 2008 ( 2 Marks)
vi) Cohort Wastage Rate for form 1 in 2005 ( 3 Marks)
vii) Average Years Per Graduate for the 2005 for 1 Cohort ( 3 Marks)

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