Terminal Ballistic Data Volume III 2

10.0 .
Reduced Charge ;a
Normall:harge 0C1
CD
~
9.5
9.0
Gun, 3!n.,M3, M5 or M7
8.5 Sbell, HE, 3jn., M42Al
W18 Ft
8.0
1.5
7.0
u:
6.5 0
Normal Charge
~
6.0
-
0
~
)(
LI
CD
C
:;)
go
5.5
Gi Gun, 90 min, Ml, MlAl,M2 or M3
a. Shell,H E, 90 mm, M71
-c
~
5.0 '5· W 23 Ft
0-
~.
CD
4.5 ~
0
...CD
..0
E
4.0 Z
:;)
II .
0
3.5
SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE
3.0 SUPERQUICK GROUND BURSTS NO SHIELDING
Damage Type: Vsin. Mild Steel Perforations
2.5 Expected DamageCoverage 50% by Number,
of Vulnerable Target"Bements (2 Sq Ft)
2.0
1.5
1.0
o. 5~ PREPARED BY OR DNANCE DEPT
o Range Yd
o 2,000 4,000 6,000 - 8,OnO 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000
W=Width of fringe around target area requiri~g the burst density D.
FIGURE 30
14
.
Normal Charge :
12
11
....
u..
10 1 8....
><
....
u..
0
9 ....
0
SHELL DENSITYD REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE
CI>
~
0
::::>
0
II)
SUPERQUICK GROUND BURSTS-NO SHIELDING
8 I ~
CI>
0 . . , . .
-0
~ Damage Type: 1;4 in. Mild Steer .perforations
7
::::>
0
CI>
wm:amsm Expected Damage Coverage-50% by Number,
OOmOOOOft of V~!~~~~~~~ !a~~I~t, ,~Ie,ments ,(2, Sq Ft)
~
I
Q;
..c.
II)
., .
I
6 ......
0
~
Gun, 90 mm, Ml, M1Al, M2 or M3
CI>
...a
E
Shell, HE, 90 mrri, M71
::::>
5 Z
II W 16 Ft
£:)
o
io
llllllllll~!!~~PIRiEPiAiRiEDi·IBiYIOIRiDiNIAiNiCiE
2,000 4,000
Yd '
. 6,000 8,000
iDiEiPTi,'. 'l
Range
10,000 12,000
W=Width of fringe around target area requiring the burst density D.
14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000
FIGURE 31
Page 94 .
I" I I II I'll I •
~
~
. ~.
' - .
~
SHELL DENSITY DREQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

0.9 SUPERQUICK GROUND. BURSTS-NO SHIELDING . ~
0.8
U-
o
-
o
x
0.7 -
~
-...
o
Q)
o
0.6 5
II)
'ea.
u
-0
Q)
0.5 '5
0'"
...
Q).
Normal Charge Supercharge
0.4 1
...o
II)
... r
Q) Gun, 155 mm, Ml, M1A1 or M2
..0
0.3 E
:::)
Shell, HE, 155 mm, M101
Z I I Damage Type Casualties
II
0.2
'0 - - L o w Angle Fire
- -High Angle Fire
1\ I r
Expected Casualties 50%
by Number, of Enemy Personnel e.a
'W 72 Ft
0.1
rtttm:f:tt=ttmm:t:tttttt PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT

Range Yd I-+++-t-+++++++++-H--++-H-++-I-II--l-. .'
o TTl I I , I ' "
"l
I I
•
. ,., •
o 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 30,000
FIGURE 32
Page 95
III I I I I I

2.25 SUPERQUICKGROUND BURSTS-NO SHIELDING.
2.00
-
u.
o·
.
-
0
-
><
l75 Supercharge
u.
0 Normal Charge
l50
-
0
CI)
"
0
:::»
0"
II)
"
CI)
0
l25 .-0
CI)
"
·5
0"
CI)
~ "
lOO
CI)
..r::
Gun, 155 mm, M1, M1A1 or M2
'11
II)
.....0
Shell, .HE, 155 mm, M101
0.75 •
"-
CI)
Damage Type: l/S in. Mild Steel Perforations
...a
Z
E
:::». Low Angle Fire Expected/ Damage Coverage 50%· by Number, m
II - High Angle Fire . of. Vulnerable Target Elements (2 Sq Ft) ,
0.. 50 0 " • • r.,
W' 34 Ft
0.25
Range Yd
o I
I
I
o 2,000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10;000. '12.000 14,000 16,000 18,00020,000

. I
22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 30,000
FIGURE 33
Page 96
I I

4.0 Supercharge
-
f-
f-LL.
f-O
3~5 ~~
o

LL.
><
Normal Charge
3.0 f-~
Q)
~
o
:>
0
Il)
2.5 - Q;
Q.
\J
Q)
~
·3
2.0 g-
~
..c.
II)
Q)
Gun, 155 mm, M1, M1A1 or M2
1.5 . '0 Shell, HE, 155 mm, M101
~ II II I 1IIIII11
Q)
-01.-.. - - l o w Angle Fire Damage Type: 1/4 in.. Mild Steel Perforations
E I-'
:> . - - High Angle Fire Expected -Damage Coverage 50% by Number,
1.0 z
1/ of Vulnerable Targel Elements (2Sq Ft)
o W 29 Ft
0.5
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT F

Range Yd I I
1 I I
°° 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 30,000
FIGURE 34
Page 97
-
SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA ~IRE ~
SUPERQUICK GROUND BURSTS NO SHIELDING ~

LL.
o
o
......
o
o
><
LL.
......
Ch 1 Ch 2 ~l-+--I-+- Ch 3 H+I-++++++++++-I+ Ch 4
CI)
..c:
....o
III
s-
CI)
...a
E
~ : Howitzer, 75 mm~ Ml, M1Al, M20r M3 Damage Type Casualties ~
o : Shell, HE, 75 mm, M48 ExpectedCasualties 50%
- I 1 I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I I • II I I I I I I 1
II
- - - l o w Angte Fire.
by Number, of Enemy Personnel
- - -High Angle Fire
,",
I
W 37 Ft
Range Yd PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT ::

• "'11"'1",.'-'"1"1""""'1-"1"" ",",
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000
FIGURE 35

SHELL DENSITY DREQUIRED IN AREA FIRE ~
SUPERQUICK GROUND BURSTS NO SHIELDING ,~:
- - l o w Angle Fire
- - - High Angle Fire
,Ch 1 Ch2 Ch 3 Ch 4
...;
a
3 h-5; Q)
~ '0 Damage Type: ~ in. Mild Steel Perforations

p Q) +++++f-+++++++-H-I-+-I-+-l-~I-I-I Expected Damage Coverage 50% by' Number,
:1
_Z
. of Vulnerable Target Elements (2 Sq Ft) •••• i
- II
.0
Howitzer, 75 mm, Ml, M1Al, M2 or M3
, S~ell, HE, 75 mm, M48'
111111 "'11
W 20 Ft
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT -
o Range· Yd
° 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000" 9,000 10,000
FIGURE 36
20

SUPERQU'CK GROUND- BURSTS NO SHIELDING
18
17
15 ,
14
. Ch 1 Ch 2· Ch 3 Ch 4
I!:
12 g
...><
u..
11'~
Gl
C :;:)
10' [
. :D
: a.
"'0
Gl
9 ·s
0"
~
Gl
8 -5i
'0
:D
..0
7
z5
II
Q
. Damage Type: % in. Mild Steel Perforations

Expected Damage Coverage 50% by, Number,
of Vulnerable Target Elements (2 Sq Ft)
Howitzer, 75 mm, Ml, M1Al, M2 or M3 :

Shell, HE, 75 mm. M48
low Angle Fire

- - - - - -High Angle Fire
W==13 Ft
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT
Range Yd
o
o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 '5,000 6,000 7,000 8,.000 9,000 10,000
FIGURE 37
Page 100
2 mllf~HO~~i~t'~~~~:~'110~51~~I~~:M~'2~:'M~'2IA~lT~~,~r~M4~.Im:.~.lmml••W*~ifs~H~ELrLnlDE~N~SlrnTY~Dn;REUQmUIDIR"ED;lIWN~A;R~EA~FmIRnE""""""""
Shell, HE, 105mm, Ml SUPfRQUICK GROUND BURSTS NO SHIELDING
I I TTlTl
- - L o w Angle Fire
- - - -High Angle Fire
u:
o
-
o
><
u.
o
-
o
CI>
..c:
CIl
.....
o
~
CI>
..0
E
:::» Ch 1 Ch 2! 'Ch 3' Ch 4 ~4-4-'Ch 5++++-1--1-+1-'
Z Ch 6 Ch 7
II
CI Damage Type Casualties ~ ~
'. Expected Casualties 50%
W 58 Ft by Number, of Enemy Personnel
I
I I I
I I _
1
.-H-++++-t--+++l--l-l-HH-++-H-1 PRE PAR E0 BY ORO NAN CEDE PT :-
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000. 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 . 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000
FIGURE 38
PagelDI
5 p ,
I
SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA .FIRE Low Angle Fire
High Angle Fire
I,
SUPERQUICK GROUND BURSTS NOSHIELDING·
4 -
u..
0
-
-
0
""0
-><
u..
0
-CI)
'
0
~
3 0
lI)
'
CI)
a.
-0
CI)
'
'3
0
CI)
'-
Ch 7 :
CI)
2 ...c
lI)
......
0 Ch 1 - Ch 2 Ch 3 Ch 4: Ch 5 Ch 6
'-
CI)
- -
..0
I E
~
Z
II
0
Damage Type: VB in. Mild Steel Perforations . ~
1-'
I
W 29 Ft
Expected Damage Coverage 50% by Number, :
1I11II1I1111111
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT Howitzer, 105 mm, M2, M2A1 or M4

I
Range Yd Shell, HE, 105 mm, M1
1 I ..
°°
I
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000
W=Width of fringe around target area requiring the burst density 0,
FIGURE 39
Page 102
I I I I I
I I I
I II
II
9 - High Angl~ Fire SUPERQUICK GROUND BURSTS-NO SHIELDING
Howitzer, 105 mm, M2, M2A1or M4 H++++++-H-+H+-r+++++++-Ht-+++++-+-I
8

u..
o·
o
Shell, HE, 105 mm, Ml
..

><
7
u..
o
o
..
Q)
6 L
o:;)
0'"
&II
L
Q) Ch 7
5~ Ch 6
Ch 5
.~ t::t:I:l:t:tt:I:lt:t::t:mt:j~ Ch 1 Ch 2 .Ch 3'~ Ch 4
0'"
Q)
L
Q)
....c.
&II
.....o
L
3 Q)
..0
.E
:;)
Z
2 ~
Damage Type: 1;4. in. Mild Steel Perforations ++++++-+-1
Expected Damage Coverage ·50% by Number,

W 19 Ft I
Ra n ge Yd .-1-1r-t-++-11-+-H-1-+ PRE PAR ED BY 0 RDNA N CE DEPT tl:tt1::t:ttt~=t:I

·-+-t-t-H-t-t-t-+-H-· I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1.1 I I I I I I :
o0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000
FIGURE 40
Page 103
1.0
II
- - l o w Angle Fire
- High Angle Fire
0.9
0.8
-
LL
0
0
0.7 ......
0
-
0
x
LL
dl
C
:::l
e
."
0.6 Q;
a.
""0
~
'5
0.5 e-
Ch 1
~
Ch 3
Ch 2 Ch 4 Ch 5 Ch 6
dl
..c
."
Ch 7
0.4 '0
J,;,
dl
..0
E
:::l
0.3 z
II
Cl
SUPERQUICK GROUND BURSTS NO ·SHIELDING
0.2 :TTTT Damage Type Casualties
Howitzer, 155 mm, M1 or M1A1 Expected Casualties 50%,
Shell, HE, ;155 mm, M107 by Number, of Enemy Personnel
0.1
W 72 Ft 1.1

0
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000
Range-Yd
FIGURE 41
Page 104
2.50
-------'-low Angle Fire
-- - - - -High Angle Fire
2.25
....
LL.
2.00 0
0
><
....
LL. Ch 1 Ch 2 Ch 3 Ch 4 Ch 5 Ch 6 Ch 7.
1.75 0
0
...0
Q)
~
1. 50 0
Ill,
:n,
Q.
-0
~,
1.25 '5
0
~
Q;
1. 00 ..r=
(;
III
SUPERQUICK GROUND BURSTS-NO SHIELDING·
...
Q)
0.75
...0,
E
Howitzer, 155 mm, M1 or M1A1
~
Z Shell, HE, 155 mm, M107
II
Q
Damage Type: Vs-in. Mild Steel Perforations

Expected Damage Coverage-50% by Number,
of Vulnerable- Target Elements (2 Sq Ft)
0.25
W=34 Ft
o
o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8.000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000
W=Width of fringe around target area requiring the burst densityD. Range-Yd
FIGURE 42
Page 105
5.0

4.5
4.0
-
u..
0
0
-
><
u..
0
3.5 0
Q)
0
:::)
C'"
III
3.0 Q) Ch 6 Ch 7
a. , Ch·' Ch 2 Ch 3 Ch 4 Cn 5
. "1J
~
·5
2.5 0
~
4i
--;c
III
2.0 '0
...
Q)
...c
E
1.5
:::)
z' Howitzer, 155 mm, M1 or M1A1 Damage Type: Ih-in. Mild Steel Perforations
0
1\
Shell, HE, 155mm, M107 Expected Damage Coverage-50% by Number,
of Vulnerable Target Elements· (2 Sq Ft)
1.0
- - - - - -High Angle Fire
W=29 Ft
0.5
- Range-Yd
o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,00n 12,000 13,000 14,000 ·15,000 16,000' 17,000
FIGURE 43
Page 106
SHELL DENSllY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

1.8 SUPERQUICK GROUND BURSTS NO SHIELDING·
r "
. II •
+-I-I-I-~~.+-l- Ch 3 -++-H-H-+++r Ch 4 ++++-H-+-H Ch 5 Ch 6
Damage Type Casualties

Expected Casualties 50% .
by Number, of Enemy Personnel'
002
Range Yd I I
I
r-T I I
°o 250 500 ·750 1,000 1,250 \

1,500 1,750 2,000 2,250 2,500 2,750 3,000 3,250 3,500 3,750
W=Width of fringe around .target area req~iring the burst density D.
FIGURE 44
7.5.
7.0
_Lll _l. LLLLLI. LI.LLL.LJ.
I
SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE __ ~III

SUPERQUICK GROUND BURSTS NO SHIEL~!NG
•
TITTllll I
6.5
Mortar, 81mm, Ml
Shell, ~ E, 8lmm, M43Al
6.0
u:
0
5.5
-
0
><
-
LL.
b
5.0
-
0
(\)
'
0
=> ChO.
0
ell
Ch 1
'
(\) Ch 3
4.5 a. Ch 4
"1J
(\)
Ch 2 Ch 5_
'
.:; Ch 6
0
r (\)
-'
4.0
(\)
..c
ell
.....0
3.5 '- .
(\)
..0
E
=>
z
II
3.0 Cl
- ~
1.5
1.0
Damage Type: Vs in Mild Steel Perforations
Expected Damage Coverage 50% by Number,
0.5 W 21 Ft . of Vulnerable Target Elements (2. Sq Ft)
o~
IBBI"I'IIIIIIIB~'~ II~II~II~II~I~~::~~~~II
I PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT
o 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000
Range-Yd
W=Width of fringe around target area requiri.ng the burst density D.
FIGURE 4S
17
SUPERQUICKGROUND BURSTS NO SHIELDING
Ch 0
16
Mortar, 81 mm, M1.
Ch 1
Shell, HE,81 mm, M43A1
15 . Ch 3
Ch 4
Ch 5
14 Ch 6
13
12 Ch 2
11
10
8 Lt
o
~
><
7 Lt
o
o
Q)
6
o: ;)
CT
III
...
Q)
a.
5e ·5
CT
~
4 Q)
..s::.
III
o
Gi
-0
E
::;)
Z
II
Cl
Damage Type: % in. Mild Steel Perforations

Expected Damage Coverage 50% by Number, .
W 11 Ft of Vulnerable Target Elements (2 Sq Ft)
o
o 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000
Range-Yd
FIGURE 46
Page 109
I I,

2.00

u.;
g
.....
1.75
u.
g.....
><
Q)
~
o
;:)
0'"
1.50 ~ :
Q)
a.
"""0
Q)
~ I Ch 1
Ch 3
1• 25 .. '3
0'" Ch 2 tt::t+tt::t+1+tttt::t:t:~~:ttttttttttttl, Ch 4
Q)
~
Q)
1.00 ~
.....
o
~
Q)
..0
0.75 ZE
~ II _
~ £:) :
~ - Damage Type Casualties
Expected Casualties 50%
by Number, of Enemy .Personnel '
-'11111111111111 •
0.25
,PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT:
., __ ,_...-": _,. l ._,_
1
1
Range Yd
o -, I 1111"" I
o 250 500 750 1,000 1,250 1,500 1,750 2,000 2,250 2,500 2,750 3,000 3,250 3,500 3,750
FIGURE 47
Page 110
5.0 I
I .- -.-I
.-
I
-I
-1 ••
I
I
SHELL DENSITYD REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

T
l3fiEmiBEmmiEmfimimEEEm3
•
4.0 u: Mortar, 81 mm, M1
o

o
'Shell, HE, 81 mm,M56
3.5
'X
o

u-
o
- Q)
3.0
g Ch 1
0- Ch 3
Il)
~
Ch 1 Ch 4
Q)
Q.
-0
2.5 ~
·5
0
Q)
~
2.0 ~
II)
~
Q)
1.5 .~
.:::»
Z
II
£:)
1.0
W 22 Ft
Damage Type: VB in. Mild Steel Perforations
0.5 Expected Damage Coverage 50% by Number,
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPt of Vulnerable Target Elements (2 Sq Ft)
I I
.- I.
I
o I I I111 I I I I
•-.
o 250 500 750 1,000 1~250 1,500 1,750 2,000 2,250 2,500 2,750 3,000 3,250 3,500 3,750
, Range-Yd
FIGURE 48 .
Page 111
9
Ch 1
8
u..
o
Ch' 2 H-H-f-I-H-f-H+++H- Ch '3 +-H+++++++-++ Ch 4 !
-_.
o
><
u..
7 0
-
O'
...
(I)
a.
""tl
(I)
5 ~.
0'",
...
(I)'
,
(I)
4 -5i
~
o
...
(I)
...!l
3 E
Z ++++-+-t-++-t-H-t SHELL .DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE
~ S~~Q~~GROUND BURSTS-NO SHIELDING~~~~~~~~~~~
2111_~':_~~~
mm, Morta~ 81 Ml ~~~~~~~~D~a~ma~g~e ~Ty~pe~:~~~4~i~n.~M~ild~~St~ee~1 P~e~rfo~ra~ti~on~-
1!!1!lIIIIIiShielil'i '11mimi'iMi561111111~E~xp~ec~te~d~Da;ma~g1e .~co~ve~ra~ge~50~%~b~Y

Elements (2 Sq ~Ft)Nulm~be:H-+++-+-t
~r, ~I
H 81
o 1
o
W 14 Ft
250 500 750 1,000

IE
of Vulnerable Target
1,250 1,500 1,750

Range-Yd
2,000 2,250
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT++++
I
2,500 2,750 3,000 3,250

-r-r-r1'""rl-H-t-H
:H-+++-+-t
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII"IIIIIIIIII~
3,500 3,750
W=Width of fringe around .target area requiring the burst density D.
FIGURE 49
Plge 112
AIR BURSTS
BURST DENSITIES REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE
Figures 50 to 56 give the shell densities D per unit area (100 feet x 100
feet) required to caiuse 50 percent casualties over a given target area. It
is understood that the mean height H of burst has been adjusted to the
value which is twice the probable error in the height of burst as listed in
the firing tables, restricting H, however, to values between 30 feet and
120 feet, and that the width WI of the additionalfringe of area over which
the burst density D is'to be extended equals H +
10. To obtain p percent
casualties the values of Dobtained from the graphs should be multiplied
by the factor F written beneath p in Table 70.
IThe one exception to this evaluat~on of W is in the case of the 155mm Howitzer when W
should be taken as 2H.
III
/:I:l:tt:I::l:tttt::t:I=l SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

28 AIR BURSTS AT OPTIMUM* MEAN -HEIGHT
26 Gun, 3in., M3, M5 or M7

Shell, HE, 3in., M42A1
11I1111111111111111111111111
Fuze, MT, M43 or Modifications

24
22
....
LL
20 0o
><
....
LL
18 o0
Q)
12 ~
o
G>
...0
10 §
Z
II
Cl
-6
W Mean height of burst plus 10 ft
4 Shielding Equivalent to 10 deg Foxhole

Expected. Casualties .50% by Number
2 of Enemy Personnel.
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT I
*See/Rule A, Introduction.
o
o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000
Range-Yd
~f fringe <;lround target area requiring the burst density D. I
-
W.=Width
FIGURE 50 e.."
I
-
"..
I-
I r l 1"1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
26
24
22

6
Shielding Equivalent to 10 deg' Foxhole
4 W Mean height of burst plus 10 ft Expected· Casualties. 50% by Number .
of Enemy Personnel.
. "
TIIIII III
2 *See Rule A, Introduction.
Range Yd
o
o 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000
FIGURE 51
Pall 115
I III I I
I I I I I I .I LI I
Ch 2
SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE +-H++-I-+-f Ch 1
Ch 3
18 AIR BURSTS-AT OPTIMUM*MEANHEIGHT '
... .'
11111111111111111111111 11111
16 Howitzer, 75 mm, Ml,' M1Al,M2 or M3 '

Shell, HE, 75 mm, M48
_ u.
Fuze, TSO , M54
'14 ·: 0
-
0
,: ><
- '
:.1:
:0 :
12, ~
...
Q)
•
'0
::)
e
li)
10 ...Q)
t- a.
'"'0
.:;...
Q)
8 t- e
t: ~
l
I
Q)
..t:
lI)
6 1- ..... Shielding Equivalent to 10 deg Foxhole

~ 0
,I- ...
I-
1-..0
Q)
Damage Type 'Casualties
~ E
I- ,::) Expected Casualties 50% by Number
4 ~z
I- II of Enemy Personnel. ~
~o
I-
I
*See Rule A, Introduc,tion..

2 . '. H'·
J , -
W :Mean height of burst plus 10 ft
h 1II111TII"I'IIIIIIII1111111111111111
I Range Yd
'0 I I
o 1.000 tODD 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

W=Widthof fringe around target area req~iring the burst density D.
FIGURE 52
Page 116
18 SHELL DENSITY DREQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

AIR BURSTS AT OPTIMUM*MEAN HEIGHT
16 Howitler,105 mm, M2, M2A1 or M4
o Shell, HE, 105 mm, Ml
o .-rT'".· ,
14 >< Fuze, TSO , M54

+
LL.
o
o
12 ,~'
C
:::>
0 Ch 3
III
....
<V
10 a.
""C
~
Ch 2
·5
0 Ch 7
<V Ch 4 Ch 5 Ch6
8 ....
<V
.L:.
III
Ch 1
'0
6 Qj
..0 .
E
:::>
Shielding Equivalent to 0 deg Foxhole Prone Man
Z Damage Type Casualties
4 II
Q
Expected Casualties 50% by Number
of Enemy Personnel.
I 1 I , , I I I I I .,L.L..LLLL..L J__ 1 . Ll__ l 1 loot u~
2 *See Rule A, Introduction.
W Mean height of burst plus 10 ft PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT

; Range Yd,
°o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

W=Width of fringe around target area requiringthe burst density D.
FIGURE 53
Page 117
20 -, , T
. - PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT ,
18
AIR- BURSTS AT OPTIMUM* MEAN HEIGHT
16 Howitzer, 105 min, M2, M2A1 or M4
Shell, HE, 105 mm, Ml
14
-....
u..
0
0
I 111111
Fuze, 1SO , M54

Ch3
-
><
u..
12 0Q
...c
CI)
Ch 2
::)
C"
10 CII
Ch 4 Ch 6 Ch 7
Q) Ch 5
Co
-cCI) Ch 1
...
8 ·5C"
~
CI)
6 -5i
... CI)
.0
4
z
5 Shielding Equivalent tO,10 deg Foxhole -~~tt:J
II
Cl r T
. Damage Type Casualties
W - IL Mean height of burst plus 10 ft. Expected Casualties 50% _by Number
2 _
- of Enemy Personnel.
*See Rule A, Introduction:
o
o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
--_ Range~Yd
FIGURE 54
'age 118

18 ,Ch 2
16 Ch 4
Ch 5 Ch 6
01
u..
0
14 ....><
0
01
Ch .1
u..
0
0
41
{;
~
C'"
ell
Q;
0
'"'0
...41
'5
C'"
...41
'41
..c
ell
SHELL DENSITYD REQUIRED I'N AREA FIRE
'0
Q;
..0
E
Shielding Equivalent to 30 deg Foxhole
Z
~
Howitzer, 105 mm, M2, M2Al or M4 Damage Type .Casualties

II
0 Shell,H E, 105-mm, Ml Expected Casualties 50% by Number
of Enemy Personnel.
2
Fuze, TSO ,M54 *See Rule A, Introduction.
, W I Mean height of burst plus 10ft.
o
o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
Range-Yd
FIGURE 55
30mp~~,~~~m!~~,OO~~=~I'I~'I~I~~,ijl,g.~Chb~711111
26 ~mmt1m! Howitzer, 155 mm, M1 orM1A1
ttj Shell, HE, 155 mm, M107
Fuze, MT, M67 or Modifications
22
20
u..
0
0
Ch 6
r

><
18 u..
0
0
(I)
'-
c
16 :>
C"
III
'
(I)
Q.
"'U
14 (I)
'
Ch 5
'3
C"
(I)
'-
Ch 4
12 (I)
...c
III
'0
'
(I) Ch 2 Ch 3
10 ..0
E
:>
Ch 1
Z
II
Cl
8
4
Shielding Equivalent to 10 deg, Foxhole
2 ~'U'Wtmt:tTWttOttt:sim:ses::Em~es:ans:~he~igtIhtttOttfttbuttrsjjt
~
oomw Expected Casualties 50% by Number
of Enemy Personnel.
*See Rule A, Introductio~.'m
°° 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 1.4,000 16,000 18,000 20,00~
Range-Yd
W=Width of frin'ge around target area requiring the burst density 0,
FIGURE 56
Page 120
Volume III' Part 9

ARTILLERY FIRE AGAINST ARTILLERY MATERIEL
1. GENERAL. 90 percent probability of damaging the target in aimed fire. The figures
For several gun-ammunition combinations, -ranges, and types of fire, for time fire are based on the assumption that the· fuze time is set so that
the following tables give the number of rounds to be fired to obtain a certain the center of burst is at the target. The significance of the numbers listed
degree of destruction of enemy artillery. "under Impact,. Time, Time and Impact is explained in paragraphs 5 and 6.
There is an advantage in total weight of projectiles in using the smallest Firing table probable errors have been assumed, and consequently the
shell which will reach the target, and frequeIl,tly, in time fire, among shell numbers refer to observed fire, well adjusted.
of the same caliber in using that with the highest muzzle velocity.
4. AREA FIRE.
I. THE TARGET.
If only the general location of the enemy pieces is known, the fire must
Th~ target considered is the German 88mm AA gun Flak 18/ or Flak 41. be directed over a general area. The number of rounds required for given
In general the degree of destruction considered is that necessary to prevent probability of damaging one piece known to be in the area is then pro
temporarily the use of the piece as .an anti-aircraft weapon. The most portional to the area over which the fire is· distributed. The probability of
vulnerable "part of a piece is the countp,r recoil mechanism. Perforation of hitting another piece in the area is, of course, the same, so the number of
the counter recoil gas cylinder ii considered as a main cause of damage but rounds required to put out of action half the enemy pieces in the area is
. not the only cause, and this prevents the. use of the piece temporarily. independent of the number of enemy guns in the area.
Somewhat more damage is required to prevent the use of the piece. against The number of rounds per 10,000 square yards of the area over which the
ground targets (for instance, anti-tank use) than for anti-aircraft use, and fire is directed, required to damage half the enemy pieces located in the
for the former ca~e the figures of the tables should be increased about area, is listed in Table 71. The fact that the number of rounds is listed for
20 percent. . . an area of 10,000 square yards (100 yard by 100 yard square) is not to be
The numbers are approximately correct for other arttllery targets. They interpreted as meaning that area fire over such a small area is possible
should be increased by not more than 50 percent for more highly resistant without wasting ammunition outside the area. The numbers listed must
targets, or for the requirement of more serious damage. If the target piece be multiplied by the total area in square yards under fire divided by 10,000.
is of different size than the Flak 18 or Flak 41, the numbers should be Even so, there is a band of area at the edge of the target in which the
altered. For targets of smaller gun area the numbers. should be increased, probability of hitting a target with fragments is lower than 50 percent,
about by the same factor as the area is smaller, except for fire at very being in fact 25 percent at edges away from corners. This could be over..
short ranges. come by increasing the'number of rounds near the edge. Frequently,how..
Effect of the fire against personnel has been neglected. The most common ever, in area fire the concentration of targets is suspected to be gre"ater at
effect of counter battery fire is to prevent manning the guns. For the effect the center of the area, and consequently the effect of a rou:p.d ofa:qlmunition
against personnel see Part 8 of this volume.· In general the best condition is greater here. "
for fire against personnel is. also nearly the best for fire against artillery, The significance of the numbers listed under impact, time, time and
so that tables 71 and 72· indicate the added effect against materiel if anti impact is explained in paragraphs 5 and 6. In the case of time fire the
personnel fire is conducted. . height'of center of burst is taken as onemil for ranges not exceeding 10,000
Table 70 gives the percent of guns damaged when the number of rounds yards, and 30 feet for longer· ranges. This is a simple workable rule giving
differs bya given fraction from that listed in tables 71 and 72. very close to maximum effect of fire against the materiel for the problem
in hand. When the probable error is large a mean height of burst equal. to
I. AIMED FIRE. two probable errors in the height of burst, as given in the firing table, is
If the enemy piece is accurately located, the fire should be directed at preferable for maximum effect against personnel. The tabulated numbers
the piece itself. In Table 72 are given the number of rounds required for are applicable to this case.
Page 121
, I. IMPACT FIRE. ,.fire ,is largely directed against personnel, and when air bursts are employed,
The numbers tabulated opposite Impact in the tables are those caused ,the numbers listed opposite Time and Impact should indicate the damage
by direct hits only. No damage due to blast or fragments from 'near mi~ses done to materiel.
has, been considered, since this depends on the degree of shielding and the In the case of aimed fire (Table 72) except at the longer ranges with the
,way the weapon is emplaced. heavier weapons, the Impact entries ,are lower than those of Time and
These figures are consequently cpnservative, since if no shielding or r~vet. Impact, which means that direct 'hits are more effective than air bursts,
mentsare present there will be considerable damage due to fragments. and PD fuzes, set superquick, are superior to time fuzes if the effect against
materiel alone is desired. '
6. TIME FIRE. The added effect of fragment damage from near miss ground bursts,
The numbers of rounds required for air burst fire are entered opposite w:Q.ich is neglected in all the numbers listed and depends on the revetments
Time and Impact in the tables. present, will be greatest for the PD fuze set superquick, next for the com
The values tabulated opposite Time give the number of rounds required bination time and superquick setting, and absent for time fuzes with no
.when the damage is caused only by fragments arising from air bursts. combination superquick feature.
This is separately listed for purpose of general interest. The ratios of the required numbers of rounds .listed under Impact to
In Table 72, Aimed Fire, the fuze setting is assumed to be such that the those under Time and Impact ar~ therefore:
center of burst occurs at the target. In Table 71, Area Fire, the height of a. Somewhat greater than the ratios of required rounds for actual fire
center of burst is assumed to be one mil for ranges up to 10,000 yards, and with PD fuze (set SQ) as against time fuzes with-both T and SQ.
30 feet for greater ranges. ' b. Considerably greater than the ratios of required rounds for actual
Due to the dispersion in fuze -functioning, half the shell will burst below fire with PD fuze (set SQ) and time fuzes with no' superquick feature.
the center of burst and half above it. In the case of aimed fire, with center c. More nearly correct the greater the shielding due to revetments.
of burst at the target and not above it, the half with delayed functioning
will strike the ground before bursting. In the case of area fire, with higher • .'COMPARISON OF AIMED 'AND, AREA FIRE.
center of burst" there will- still be a considerable number' of shell striking
The numbers listed in Tables 71 and 72 for the same gun ammunition
the ground before bursting. These shell may strike the target and destroy
combination and range are not directly comparable, since they . refer to
it by direct hits. The effect of these hits has been ignored in the line marked
entirely different quantities, those in 72 being number of rounds per enemy
Time. It has been included in the line marked Time and Impact.
piece attacked, and those in 71 number of rounds per 10,000 square yards
The entries under Time and Impact therefore give the combined effect of area fired upon.
air burst and direct hits. However, as in the case of the entry on the line
In general, aimed fire, if the enemy pieces are accurately located, is at'
marked Impact, the effect of fragment damage from near miss ground
least as' good as area fire and, is almost always, better when the same height
bursts, which occur with the shell fuzed combination time and superquick,
of center of burst is used. At great ranges, where dispersion is large, and
is neglected, since' this damage depends greatly on the shielding and type
with very many enemy pieces in a small, area, area fire may be ess~ntially
of revetment. In the case of minimum' shielding the entries are therefore
as good, since the rounds fired at neighboring enemy pieces may, overlap
conservative when the combination time and superquick fuze is used.
due to dispersion. In this case, rounds aimed at one piece may damage its
neighbor. If this situation, of extremely ,high area concentration of enemy'
7. COMPARISON OF GROUND BURST AND AIR BURST.
pieces, holds, then the numbers given ip Table 72 for aimed fire may be
No general statement of the relative effectiveness of ground burst and high (since any given weapon may be" damaged by rounds aimed. at its
air burst fire is possible since this depends entirely on the emplacements. neighbor) and the numbers in Table 71 pertaining to area fire may represent
With no shielding at all by revetments, ground bursts are generally more the true damage figures, even if aimed fire is used. In general, it is 1I10st
effective against materiel and personnel iIi the open but personnel in fox profitable to fire th~ same number of rounds at each enemy piece, all other
hoZes or trenches are to be attacked by air burst fire. Since counter battery factors, being equal.
Page 122
TABLE 71
NUMBER OF ROUNDS REQUIRED AGAINST ENEMY ARTILLERY
FOR 50%· EFFECT FOR 10,000 SQ YD IN AREA FIRE
Muzzle Range (yd)

Velocity
Gun and Am~unition Type of Fire
F/s 2,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
Howitzer, 7~mm, 'M1( M1 A 1, M2, M3 Impact 210 680

Shell, HE, M48 1,250 Time 230 700
.
Fuze, TSQ, M54 Time and impact 170 500
Fuze, PO, M48A2
Howitzer, 155mm, M1 Impact 70 260 790 1,400

Shell, HE, M107 1,850 Time 43 67 ,,160 300
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and impact 38 59 150 280
Fuze, PO,M51 A3
Gun, 155mm, M1, M1A1, M2 Impact . 27 92 330 810 1,300 1,700

.Shell, HE, M101 2,800 Time 26 53 92 180 320
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and impact 26 48 83 160 290/
Fuze, PO, M51 A3
Howitzer, 240mm, M1 Impact 1,100 1,400

Shell, HE, M114 2,300 Time 120 160
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and impact 110 150
Fuze, PO, M51 A3
Page·123
TABLE 72
NUMBER OF ROUNDS REQUIRED AGAINST ENEMY ARTILLERY FOR 90% PROBABILITY
OF AT LEAST ONE EFFECTIVE HIT IN AIMED FIRE
MY Range (yd)
Gun and Ammunition Type of fire
f/s 2,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 I 25,000 30,000
Howitzer, 75mm, M1, M1 A 1, M2, M3 Impact 24 460
Shell, HE,M48 1,250 Time 340 1,400
Fuze, TSQ, M54 Time and Impact 43 560
Fuze, PO, M48 and Mod
Gun, 75mm, M1897, M1897A1, M1897.A2,
M1897A3, M1897A4 Impact -
7 120
Shell, HE, M48 1,950 Time 340 790
Gun, 76mm, M1A1,M1AC, M1A2 Impact 6 55 )
_Shell, HE, M42A1 2,700 Time 270 430

Fuze, MT, M43A5 Time and Impact 13 87
Gun, 90mm, M1, M1 A1,M2, M3 Impact 3 42 770
Shell, HE, M71 2,700 Time 260 360 1,400
FuzeiMT, M43A5 Time and Impact 7 68 730
Fuze, PO, M48 an~ Mod
Howitzer, 105mm, M2, M2A1,M4 Impact 24 460
_Shell, HE,M1 1,020 Time 250 820
Fuze, PO, M48 and Mod .~
Howitzer, 105mm, M2, M2A1, M4 Impact 6 91

Shell, HE, M1 1,550 Time 270 450
- Fuze, TSQ, M54 Time and Impact 13 130
Gun, 4.5 inch, M1 Impact 3 19 380 2,600
Shell, HE, M65 1,820 Time 410 430 960 3,400
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 7 36 420 2,000
--
Gun, 4.5 inch, M1 Impact 16 39 460 2,300 7,700
Shell, HE, M65 2,275 Time 500 560 1,200 4,000 9,000
FlIZe, MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 31 69 520 -2,100 5,900
. Howitzer, 155mm, M1917, M1917A1, M1918 Impact 10 190
Shell, HE, M102 1,082 Time 170 380
Fuze, TSQ, M55A1 Time and Impact 19 190
Howitzer, 155mm, M1917, M1917A1, M1918 Impact 7 130
Shell, HE, M102 1,476 Time 210 320
Fuze, TSQ, M55A1 Time and Impact 14 140
Howitzer, 15Smm, M1 Impact 7 69
Shell, HE, M107 1,220 Time 240 320
Fuze l MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 14 96
Fu~e, PO, M51 and Mod
Howitzer, 155mm, M1 Impact 3 23 250 2,300

Shell, HE, M107 1,850 Time 340 320 590 1,900
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 7 41 270 1,400
Fuze, PO, M51 and Mod I
Page 124
TABLE 72 (Continued)
Range (yd)
MV Type of fire
Gun and Ammunition f/s 2,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000
Gun 155mm,M1917,M1917A1, M1918 Impact 5 42 570 2,900
f HE, M101
Shel, 1,955 Time 370 340 770 2,300
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and impact 11 68 460 1,700
Gun{ 155mm, M1917, M1917A1, M1918 Impact 4 23 250 1,600 5,900
Shel, HE, M101 2,410 Time 450 410 480 1,500 3,700
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 9 42 240 1,000 2,800
. Gun 155mrn, M1, M1A1, M2 Impact 81 570 2,300
Shel,f HE, M101 !",1.00 Time 330 700 1,800
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 110 430 1,300
Gun 155mm, M1,M1 A 1, M2 Impact 9 48 330 2,300 4,500 11,000
f HE, M101
Shel, 2,800 Time
Time and Impact
520
18
460
80
590
31'0
960
790
2,500
1,800
4,500
4,000
Fuze, MT, M67A1
Howitzer, 8 inch, M1 Impact 3 28 380
Shell,HE, M106 1,380 Time 210 220 390
Fu.Ie,'MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 7 45 ~50
Fuze, PO) M51 andMod
Howitzer, 8 inch, M1 Impact 3 54 330
Shell, HE, M106 ' 1,950 Time 290 280 430
Fuze,.MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 7 78 260
Fuze; PO, M51 and Mod I
Gun, 8 inch, M1 Impact 130 770 2,300

Shell, HE, M103 2,600 Time 410 1,100 3,100
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 160 640 1,900
Fuze, PO, M51A2.Mod 3 and Mod
Gun, 8 inch, M1 Impact 1,100 2,300 25,000
She,ll, HE, M103 2,85,0 Time 1,400 3,400 7,000
F~ze, MT, M67A1
- Time and Impact 850 1,900 6,200
FuZe, PO, M51 A2 Mod 3 and Mod
Howitzer, 240mm, M1 Impact 330 2,300
Shell, HE, M114 1,500 Time 320 1,200
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 220 950
Howitzer, 240mm, M1 Impact 1,100
Shell, HE, M114 1,740 Time 1,600
Fuze, MT, M67A1 Time and Impact 930
Fuze, ~D, M51 and Mod
Howitzer, 240mm, M1 Impact 2,300 7,700
Shell, HE, M114 2,300 Time 1,000 2,400
Fuze, MT; M67A1 Time and Impact 820 2,100
Fuze, PD,M51 and Mod /
Page 125
Volume III Part 10

RICOCHET TRAJECTORY
BURST P. E.IN HEIGHT OF BURST

._ •. ~. ~I!? F.
'il1~
t •.} ··50%0 OF BURSTS
HEIGHT OF BURST
~~1 . t
ANGLE
OF RECOVERY
Ie RANGE --------_I,I+___ IMPACT TO BURST
1. GENERAL. angles of fall) than those tabulated. The angle and velocity of recovery
The figure titled Ricochet Trajectory shows the position of the burst and consequent position of burst depend on the slope of the soil, the soil
with respe«t to the impact after ricochet from level ground when· a point density and other factors. These tables are based on data gathered on level
detonating delay fuze is used. The quantities angle of fall, angle of recovery, soil which is a sand clay mixture, well integrated and believed to be ageneral
distance from impact to burst, height of burst, and probable error in height average of soil hardness. The probable error in height of burst will depend
of burst are tabulated against range for several combinations of gun and on the uniformity of the surface in the impact area.
ammunition. The tables apply not only to the gun and ammunition listed Note: The following tables contain data for the fuze listed and certain
but to any gun and charge firing the ammunition with the tabulated muzzle listed fuze delay times only. These same f\lzes have other delay times than
velocity and any fuze of the same standard contour with the tabulated that listed. However, the delay time is indicated on each fuze as part of
delay time. Ricochets are not ordinarily expected at longer ranges (larger the fuze nomenclature.
Page 126
TABLE 73 TABLE 74
Howitzer, 75mm, Ml, M1Al, M2, M3 Gun, 75mm, M1897 Series

Shell, HE, M48 Shell, HE, M48
PEin PEin
Angle of Angle of Impact Height Height Angle of Angle of Impact Height Height
Range Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of BUIst Range fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst
yd mils mils yd ft ft yd mils mils yd ft ft
Charge 1
I
' Reduced Charge
MV 700 f/s 1,000 109 155 26 12 2 MV 950 f/s 1,000 59 90 40 11 2
Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2,000 242 265 17 14 3 Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2,000 126 170 33 17 3
M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 415 315 7 7 2 M48A2 and M51A4 3,000 206 245 25 18 4
(0.15 sec delay) (0~15 sec delay) 4,000 301 295 17 16 4
Charge 2 Normal Charge
MV810 f/s 1,000 82 120 32 12 2 MV 1,500 f/s 1,000 26 45 62 8 2
Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2,000 178 220 24 16 3 Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2,000 65 100 50 15 3
M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 295 295 15 14 3 M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 115 160 41 19 4
(0.15 sec delay) (0.15 sec delay) 4,000 174 220 33 22 5
5,000 240 265 26 21 5
Charge 3 6,000 313 300 19 17 4
MV 950 f/s 1,000 58 90 40 11 2 7,000 394 315 13 12 4
Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2,000 127 175 33 21 4
M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 208 245 25 18 4 Super Charge
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 305 295 17 15 4 MV 1,950 f/s 1,000 13 25 28 2 0
5,000 425 315 8 8 3 fuze, PO, M48, 2,000 36 60 23 4 1
M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 70 105 19 6 1
Charge-4 (0.05 sec delay) 4,000 116 160 14 7 1
MV 1,250 f/s 1;000 38 60 51 11 2 5,000 171 215 12 8 2
Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2,000 86 125 42 16 3 6,000 234 260 9 7 2
M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 142 190 35 20 4 7,000 303 .295 7 6 2
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 206 245 28 21 4 8,000 378 315 5 4 .1
5,000 279 285 21 18 4
6,000 363 310 14 14 4 Note: Data also applies to the Gun, 75mm, M3 and M6.
Page 127
TABLE 75 .TABLE 77
Gun, 76 mm, M1Al, M1A1C, M1A2 Hllwitzer, 105 mm, M2, M2Al,' M4
Shell, HE, M42Al Shell, HE, Ml'
PEin PEin
Range Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst Range fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst
MV 2,700 fls
yd
1,000
mils
8
mils
20
yd
40
33
ft
3
4
- ft
0
1
Charge 1
,MV 650 fls
yd
1,000
mils
1.26
mils
170
yd
24
ft
12
ft
2
Fuze, PO, M48, 2,000 20 35
M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 38 60 26 5 1 Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2,000 272 285 15 13 3
(0.05 sec delay) 4,000 65 100 21 6 1 M48A2 and M51 A4
5,000 106 150 16 7 1 (0.15 sec delay)
6,000 163 210 12 7 2
7,0,00 233 260 9 7 2 Charge 2
8,000 315 300 6 6 1 MV 710 fls 1,000 104 145 27 12 2
9,000 407 315 4 4 1 Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2,000 226 260 19 15 3
M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 370 315 10 10 3
Note: The data on distance from impact to burst, height of burst and PE in height (0.15 sec delay)
of burst are approximately true for any 3 inch gun firing this projectile with MV from .. '
2,600 to 2,800 f/s. Charge 3,

MV 780 fls 1,000 87 125 31 12 2
Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2,000 188 230 23 16 3
M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 304 295 15 14 3
(0.15 sec delayl-
TABLE 76 Charge 4
MV 875 fls 1,000 69 105 36 11 2
Gun, 90 mm, Ml,M1Al, M2, M3 Fuze, PO, M48A1,
M48A2 and M51 A4
2,000
3,000
147
237
195
265
305
29
21
14
17
17
13
3
4
3
(0. ~ 5 sec delay) 4,000 343
Shell, HE, M71 Charge 5·
MV 1,020 fls 1,000 51 80 44 10 2
- 109 155 37 17 3
Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2~000
PEin M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 174 220 30 20 '4
Angle of Angle of Impact Height Height (0.15 sec delay) 4,000 247 270 23. 19 4
Range Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst 5,000 331 305 17 15 '4
6,000 430 315 10 9 3
yd' mils mils yd Ft ft
Charge 6
MV 2,700 E/s 1,000 7 20 41 2 0 MV 1,235 fls 1,000 39 65 51 10 2
Fuze, PO, M48, 2,000 17 30 36 3 1 Fuze, PO, M48A1, 2,OOQ 86 125 43 17 3
M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 30 50 32 5 1 M48A2 and M51 A4 3,000 138 185 36 20 4
(0.05 sec delay) 4,000 47 75 '28 6 1 4,000 198 235 30 21 4
69 105 23 7 1 (0.15 sec delay)
5,000 5,000 265 280 24 20 4
6,000 98 140 19, 8 2 6,000· 339 305 17 16 4
7,000 136 180 15 8 2 7,000 422 31'5 10 10 4
8,000 187 '230 12 8 2
9,000 249 270 9 8 2 Charge 7
10,000 314 300 7 6 2 MV 1,500 fls 1,000 25 45 65 8 2
Fuze, PO,M48A1,
M48A2 and M51 A4
(0.15 sec delay)
2,000
3,000
4,000
60
104
156
95
145
200
54
44
37
15
19
22
..
3
4
5,000 214 250 29 22 5
6,000 278 285 23 20 5
7,000 348 310 17 16 4
8,000' 42g 315 10 10 4
Note: Data for Charges 1-5 applies also to Howitzer, 105 mm, M3. '
Page 128'
'TABLE 78 TABLE 79
Gun, 4.5 inch, Ml Howitzer, 155 mm, M1917,MI917Al, M1918

Shell, HE, M65 Shell, HE, Ml02
PEin PEin
Angle of Angle of Impact ' Height Height Angle of Angle of Impact Heigfrt Height
Ra~ge Fall . Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst Range Fall Recovery , to Burst of Burst of Burst
yd mils mils yd ft ft yd mils mils yd ft ft
Normal Charge
- Charge 1
MV 679 f/s 1,000 112 155 26 12 2
MV 1~820 f/s 1,000 16 30 83 7 1
2,000 36 60 74 13 2 Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 241 265 18 14 3
Fu,z8, PO, M51 A3 , and M51A4 3,000 397 315 9 8 3
and M51A4 3,000 60 95 65 18 3
(0.15 sec delay) a,OOO 89 130 56 22 4 (0.15 sec delay) "
5,000 125 170 48 24 5

6,000 168 215 39 25 5 Charge 2
7,000' 219 250, 32 24 5 MV741 f/s 1,000 95 135 30 12 2
8,000 274 285 26 22 5 Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 200 240 22 16 3
9,000 334 305 ' 19 18 5 and M51A4 3,000 322 300 14 13 3
'10,000 315 14 13 4 (0.15 sec delay)
Super Charge
395
- Charge 3
12, ,
1,000 10 20 105 7 1 MV 831 f/s 1,000 75 110 35 2
MV 2275 f/s ' 158 27 17 4
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 22 40 '96 11 2 Fuze~D, M51A3 ·2,000 205
3,000 37 60 87 15 3 and 51A4 3,000 251 275 20 17 4
and,M51A4 (0.15 sec delay) 4,000 361 310 13 12 3
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 54 85 78 20 4
5,000 75 110 70 23 4
6,000 100 140 61 26 5 Charge 4
7,000' 130 175 52 27 5 MV 938 f/s 1,000 58 90 40 11 2
8,000 167 215 44 28 6 Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 124 170 34 17 3
9,000 211 250 36 27 6 and M51A4 3,000 196 235 27 19 4
10,000 261 280 29 24 5 (0.15 sec delay) , 4,000 277 285 21 18 4
11,000 317 300 22 20 5 5,000 371 310 14 13 4
I 12,000 376 315 17 16 5
13,000, ' 438 315 11 11 4 Charge 5
MV1,082 f/s 1,000 46 75 47 10 2
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 97 140 41 16 3
and M51A4 3,000 153 200 34 20 4
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 216 250 27 ' 21 4
5,000 286 290 21 19 4
6,000 366 310 15 14 4
Charge 6
MV 1,357 f/s 1,000 32 55 58 10 2
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 72 110 49 15 3
and M51A4 3,000 118 165 41 20 4
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 171 215 34 22 4
5,000, 229 260 28 22 5
6,000 292 290 22 ' 19 4
7,000 359 310 16 15 4
8,000 ,432 315 10 10 4
Charge 7 "
MV 1,476 f/s 1,000 25 45 64 8 2
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 60 95 54' '15 3
and M51A4 3,000 102 145 45 19 4
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 ' 151 . 195 38 22 4
5,000 206 245 31 23 5
6,000 265 280 25 22 5
7,000 328 305 19 18 I
4
8,000 395 315 14 13 4
Page 129
TABLE 80 TABLE 81
Howitzer, 155mm, Ml Shell, HE,Ml07 Gun, 155mm, M1917,M1917Al,M1918

Angle of Angle of Impact Height Height
PE in
Shell, HE, M10l
Range Fall Reco.very to Burst, of Burst of Burst
yd PEin
mils mils yd ft ft Angle of 'Angie of Impact Height Heigh~
Charge 1 Range Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst 'of Burst
MY 680 f/s 1,000 112 155 26 12 2 'yd
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 240 265 18 14 3 yd mils, mils ft ft
and M51A4 3,000 397 315 9 8 3 Normal Charge -
(0.15 sec delay)
MY 1,955 fls 1,000 14 30 89 8 2
Charge 2 Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2;000 32 55 81 13 3
MY 770 f/s 1,000 87 125 31 12 2 and M51A4 3,000 53 85 71 18 4
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 185 225 24 16 3 (0.15 sec delay) 4,000 79 115 61 21 4
and M51A4 3,000. 297 295 16 . 14 3 5,000 111 155' 52 24 5
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 ·436 315 - 7 7 3 6,000 151 195 44 26 5
. 7,000 198 235 36 25 5
" Charge 3 8,000 253 275 28 23 5
MY 880 f/s 1,000 68 105 .37 12 2 9,000 314 300 21 20 5
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 141 185 30 17 3 10,000 380 315 15 15 4
and M51A4 3,000 223 255 23 4
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000
5,000
318
433
300
315
16
8
18
15
. 8
4
3 Super Charge
11,000
- 448 315 10 9 4
Charge 4
MY 2,410 f/s 1,000 .9 to 111 7 1
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 20 35 102 11 2
'MY 1,020 f/s 1,000 50 80 45 10 2 ,andM51A4 3,000 33 55 92 15 3
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 106 150 38 17 3 (0.15 sec delay) 4,000 49 80 83 19 4
and M51A4 3,000 168 215 31 20 4 5,000 68 105 74 23 4
(0.1 5 sec delay) 4,000 237 265 24 20 4 6,000 91 130 65 25 5
5,000 315 300 18 16 4 7,000 120 165 56 28 6
, 6,000 406 315 11 11 4 8,000 154 200 47 28 6
Chdrge 5 . 9,000 195 235 39 28 6
MY 1,220 f/s 1,000 38 60 51 9 2 10,000 245 270 31 25 6
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 82 120 45 16 3 11,000. 302 295 24 22 5
and·M51A4 3,000 133 180 38 20 4 12,000 365 310 18 17 5
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 188 230 32 22 5 13,000 432 .315 11 11 4
5,000 249 270 26 21 5
6,000 315 300 20 18 4
7,000 389 315 13 12 4
Charge 6 -
MY 1,520 f/s
Fuze, PO, M51 A3
andM51A4
(0.15 sec delay)
1,000
2,000 '
3,000
4,000
24
54
92
138
40
85
130
66
56
48
40
7
14
19
22
. 2
3
4
4
185
5,000 190 230 34 23 5
6,000 247 270 27 22 5
7,000 307 300 21 19 5
8,000 371 310 16 15 4
9,000 439 315 10 10 4.
Charge 7
MY 1,850 f/s 1,000 1S 30 83 7 1
Fuze,cPO, M51A3 2,000 35 60 74 13 2
and M51A4 3,000 60 95 64 18 4'
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 92 130 55 21 4
5,000 130 175 46 24 5
6,000 176 220 38 25 5
7,000 228 260 30 24 5
8,000 286 290 24 21 5
9,000 348 310 18 17 4
10,000 411 .315 13 13 4
-
Page 130
TABLE 82
Gun, 155mm, Ml, M1Al, M2

Shell, HE, MlOl
PEin
Angle of Angle of Impact Height Height
Rqnge Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst
yd mils mils yd ft ft
Normal Charge
MY 2,100 f/s 1,000 12 25 .96 7 1
Fuze, PO, M51 A3. 2,000 28 50 86. 13 2
and M51A4 3,000 47 75 77 17 3
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 70 105 67 21 4
.5,000 98 140 58 24 5
6,000 132 180 49 26 5
7,000 173 215 40 26 5
8,000 221 255 33 25 5
9,000 276 285 26 22 5
10,000 336 305 20 18 5
11,000 399 315 14 14 4
Super Charge
-
MY 2,800 f/s 1,000 7 20 130 7 1
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 14 30 121 10 2
and M51A4 3,000 22 40 112 13 3
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 33 55 102 17 3
5,000 46 75 93 21 4
6,000 62 95 84 24 4
7,000 82 120 74 26 5
8,000 107 150 65 29 6
9,000 135 180 • 56 30 6
10,000 169 215 47 30 6
11,000 207 245 39 29 6
12,000 252 275 31 26 6
13,000 302 295 24 22 5
14,000 358 310 19 18 5
15,000 419 315 14 14 5
Page 131
HOWITZER, 8 in. MI, SHELL HE, Ml06

TABLE 83 TABLE 83 (Continued)
PEin PEi~
Range Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst Range Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst
yd mils mils y~ ft ft yd mils mils yd ft ft
Charge 1 Charge 5
MY 820. f/s 1,000 76 . 110 34 11 2 MY 1,380 f/s 1,000 28 50 60 9 2
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 158 205 27 17 4 Fuze, PO,M51A3 2,000 64 100 52 15 3
and M51A4 3,000 251 275 20 17 4 and M51A4 3,000 107 ,150 45 20 4
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 358 310 13 12 3 (0.15 sec delay) 4,000 154 200 38 23 5
5,000 206 245 32 23 5
Charge 2 6,000 262 280 26 22 5
MY 900 f/s 1,000 63 95 39 11 2 7,000 321 300 20 19 5
Fuze, PO, M51A3 2,000 132 180 32 17 3 8,000 384 315 15 14 4
and M51A4 3,009 206 245 26 19 4
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 291 290 19 17 4 Charge 6
5,000 387 315 12 11 3 MY 1,640 f/s 1,000 20 35 73 8 2
Charge 3
- Fuze, PO,M51 A3
and M51A4
2,000
3,000
45
75
70
. 110
65
56
14
19
3
4
MY 1,000 f/s 1,000 50 80 44 10 2 (0.15 sec delay) 4,000 111 155 48 22 4
Fuze,PO,M51 A3 2,000 106 150 38 17 3 5,000 154 200 41 24 5
and M51A4. 3,000 167 215 31 20 4 6;000 203 240 34 24 5
(0.15 sec delay) 4,000 235 265 25 20 4 7,000 256 275 28 23 5
5,000 309 300 19 17 4 8,000 313 300 22 20 5
6,000 393 315 13 12 4 9,000 372 310 17 16 5
Charge 4
- 10,000 434 315 11 11 4
MY1,150f/s 1,000 41 65 50 10 2 Charge 7
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 86 125 44 16 3 MY 1,950 f/s 1,000 16 30 92 8 2
and M5:tA4 3,000 137 185 38 21 4 Fuze, PO, M51 A3 2,000 33 55 80 13 3
(0.15 s'ec delay) 4,000 192 235 32 22 5 and M51A4 3,000 53 85 71 18 4
5,000 252· 275 26 21 5 (0.15 sec delay) 4,000 76 110 63 21 4
6,000 317 300 19 18 4 5,000 105 150 55 24 5
7,000 388 315 14 13 4 6,000 . 139 185 47 26 5
7,000 180 225 40 27 6
8,000 227 260 33 26 6
9,000 279 285 26 23 5
10,000 335 305 21 19 5
11,000 393 315 15 14 4
Page 132
GUN, 8 in. MI, SHELL, HE, MI03

TABLE 84 TABLE 85
PEin PEin
Range Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst Range Fall Recovery to,Burst of Burst of Burst
·yd mils mils yd It ft yd mils mils yd ft ft
Reduced Charge Reduced Charge
MY 2100 fls 1,000 11 20 33 2 0 MY 2,100 fls 1,000 11 20 97 6 1
Fuzj PD,M51 A 1 2,000 24 40 31 4 1 Fuzj PO, M51A4' 2,000 ' 24 40 89 10 2
Mo 1 and 3;000 39 65 28 5 1 Mo 3 3,000 39 6S 81 15 3
M51A2Mod 3 4,000 56 85 26 7 1 (0.15 sec delay) . 4,000 56 85 74 18 3
(0.05 sec delay) 5,000 75 110 24 8 2 5,000 75 110 66 22 4
6,000 97 140 22 9 2 6,000 97 140 59 24 ' 5
7,000 122 170 19 I
10 2 7,000 122 170 52 26 5
8,000 150 195 17 10 2 8,000 150 195 46 26 5
9,000 183 225 1-5 10 2 9,000 183 225 40 27 6
10,000 220 255 13 10 2 10,000 220 255 35 27 6
11,000 261 280 11 9 2 -11,000 261 280 30 26 6
12,000 306 295 9 8 2 12,000 306 295 27 24 6
13,000 357 310 7 6 2 13,000 357 310 24 23 6
14,000 412 315 5 5 2 14,000 , 412 315 23 22 7
Normal Charge
- Normal Charge
MY 2600 fls 15,000 272 285 11 10 2 MY 2,600 fls 15,000 272 285 32 27 6
Fuzj PO, M51A1 16,000 310 300 9 8 2 Fuzj PO, M51A4 16,000 310 300 29 26 6
Mo 1 and 17,000 351 310 7 7 2 Mo 3 17,000 . 351 310 27 25 7
M51A2 Mod 3 18,000 395 315 6 6 2 (0.15 sec delay) 18,000 395 315 25 24 7
(0.05 sec delay) 19,000 1 442 315 4 4 2 19,000 442 315 24 23 9
Super Charge Super Charge
MY 2850 fls 17,000 275 285 12 10 2 MY 2,850 fls 17,000 275 285 33 29 6
Fuzj PO, M51A1 18,000 309 300 10 9 2 Fuzj PO, M51A4 18,000 309 300 30 27 6
Mo 1 and 19,000 347 305 8 7 2 Mo 3 19,000 347 305 28 26 7
M51A2 Mod 3 20,000 387 315 6 6 2 (0.15 sec: delay) 20,000 387 315 26 25 8
(0.05 sec delay) 21,000 430 315 5 4 2 21,000 430 315 26 24 9
1'118133
TABLE 86
Howitzer, 240 mm,Ml

Shell, H~, Ml14
PEin
Angle of Angle. of Impact Height Height
Range Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst
yd mils mils yd ft ft
Charge 1
MV 1,500 fls 9,000 371 310 17 16 5
Fuze, PO, M51 A3 10,000 428 315 11 11 4
and M51A4
(0.15 sec delay)' I
.
Charge 2
MV 1,740 fls 11,000 405 315 15 14 4
Fuze, PO, M51 A3
. and M51A4
(0.15 sec delay)
Charge 3
MV 2,020 fls 13,000 407 315 15 14 4
Fuze, PO, M51 A3
andM51A4
(0.15 sec delay)
Note: Few ricochets expected with Charge 4 at minimum elevation with lev~
cC;lrriage. . . .
Page 134
VoIUR1e III Part 11

ARMOR PENETRATION
(THIS PART SUPERSEDES VOLUME II PART 1, PAGES 1 TO 29. PAGES 31 TO 52 ARE NOT SUPERSEDED.)
1. GENERAL. (1) Example 1.

This section provides information pertaining to the performance of armor Given-3-inch plate thickness.
piercing projectiles against homogeneous and face-hardened armor plate. Required-The striking velocity and maximum range at which penetration
The various theories· and analyses of the mechanics' of ar~or penetration at 20-degree obliquity can be achieved.
will not be dealt with in thi~ discussion, although such knowledge is neces Solution-(l) Enter the penetration scale at point "A" which represents
sary for better evaluation of results obtained from test firings of projectiles 3-inch plate thickness. (2) Proceed upward along the vertical line
against armor plate. It also allows these find.ings to be interpreted ~ore until the intersection with the 20-degree obliquity penetration curve
easily and accurately. It is from the test firmgs that data are obtamed is reached at "B". (3) From "B" proceed left along a line until the
and compiled as a basis for determining penetrations. intersection with the striking velocity curve at "C" is reached. (4)
From "C" continue left along the horizontal line to "E" where the
striking velocity of 2,160 feet per second can be read; then proceed
2•. ARMOR PENETRATION AND .STRIKING
downward from "C" along the vertical line to "D" where the range
VELOCITY CURVES~ of 1,430 yards is found. Thus, a striking velocity of 2,160 feet per
Armor penetration data are graphically presented for standard and second is needed to penetrate 3 inches of plate, and the maximum
limited procurement projectiles when fired against armor plate at various range at which the projectile will penetrate the plate is 1,430 yard~.
angles of impact and plate obliquities. These data are shown for both
rolled homogeneous armor and face-hardened plates. From the charts, (2) Example 2.
the thickness of armor plate which can be penetrated, at a given range Given-1,430-yard range.
or striking velocity, can be determined. It will be noted that certain portions Required~The maximum thickness of armor plate which can be penetrated
of the penetration curve 'are shown as broken lines. This represents an at 20-degree obliquity and the corresponding striking velocity required.
. estimated performance for which actual firing data have not been obtained.
Solution-(1) Enter the range scale at 1,430 yards on "D" and proceed
The penetration curves are cOIllpiled for intact or shattered projec
upward on a vertical line to point "C" where the striking velocity
tile, with the greater portion of the fragIllents, com.pIeteIy penetrat
curve is intersected. (2) Proceed right from "C" along a horizontal
ing the plate. line to "B" where the penetration curve for 20-degree obliquity is
intersected. (3) Then proceed downward along a' vertical line to "A"
3. CHARTS. where a thickness of 3 inches is read. (4) From point "C" proceed left
along horizontal line to "E" where a striking velocity of 2,160 feet
The chart shown in Figure 57 is for use in conjunction with the examples per second is ~ead.
given below to illustrate the use of the striking velocity apd armor penetra
tion curves. (3) Example 3. .
Given-2,160 feet per second striking velocity.
4. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES. Required~The range and thickness of 20-degree obliquity armor plate
The following examples and the chart shown in Figure 57 illustrate the which can be penetrated.
use of the striking velocity and armor penetration curves. The range scale Solution-(l) Enter the striking velocity scale at point "E" which repre
in yards and the penetration scale in inches are shown. along the bottom sents 2,160 feet per second. (2) Proceed right to point "C" and then
of the chart, the striking velocity in feet per second is shown along the left downward along the vertical line to "D" where the range of 1,430
hand border. The striking velocity curve is designated by showing the yards can be read. (3) From point "C" proceed right to "B" on the
muzzle velocity upon which it is based. The penetration curves are des 20-degree obliquity curve and then downward along the vertical line
ignated to indicate the obliquity upon which they are based. to "A" where the thickness of 3 inches can be read.
Page 135
'.
2,500 Penetration Curves
~
2,300
E ~ C
2,100 I
I
I
I
I
en
1,900 ~1 1.6
....>
'u
I
I
o I
Q)
I
1,700 >C>
I
I
I
c:
32 I. . . .
-CI'
....
I..
(f) I
I
1,500 I
T •
I
Stri king Velocity Curve
~
1,300
I
I
--.
I
1,100 I
"T
I
•I
I A Penetration In.
900
++++~+-+++-H-+ 2.0
1±tI:±tti:ttt1:±tti±t 1. 0 ++Hf++Il-f++++++-+ 3. 0 I
'r-H-HH-+-H-++++++ 4.0
I I
-+-I--I-l-+-I-I4-II--l--I--l--+--l-l- 50
•
6. 0 ++++-++-1-++++++-++ 7. 0 ~-++-I-I
1 I I I
I
Range yd
o PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT
o 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,5003,000 3,300 ' 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500
FIGURE 57
TABLE 87
ARMOR·PIERCING .AMMUNITION CHARACTERISTICS.
(These characteristics were used in the computation of the
armor penetration and striking velocity~urves.)
I
Muzzle
Proi Wt Vel Based on Figure
Proiectile Model and Caliber Gun
Ib f/s ** No.
.30 cal AP, M2 166 grains 24-in. barrel MG 2,775 C6=0.250* 58,59
.50 cal AP, M2 708 grains 36-in.barrel MG 2,835 C6=0.458 60,61

45-in. barrel MG 2,935 C6=0.458
"
20mm, AP-T, M75 2,548 grains M2 2,555 C6=0.344* 62,63
20mm, AP-T, M95 2,000 grains M2 2,800 C6=0.403 64,65
37mm,APC-T, M5181 and M51 B2 1.92 M3,M6 2,900 C6=0~544 66,67
37mm, APC-T, M59 1.91 . AN-M9 2,800 C1=0.492 68,69

M1A2 2,050 C1=0.610*
,
37mm, AP-T,M80 1.66 AN-M9 3,050 C1=0.78 70, 71
•
40mm, AP-T, M81 or M81 A 1 1.96
M4
M1
1,825
2,870
C1=0.78
C6=0.615* 72, 73
57mm, AP-T, M70 6.28 M1 2,950 C1=0.974 74, 75
57mm, APe-T, M86 7.27 M1 2,700 C6=1.31 76, 77
75mm, APC-T, M61 or M61A1 14.96 M4, AN-M5A1 2,030 FT75-AY-1 78, 79
MfO, M3
-
3 in. & 76mm, APC-T, M62 or M62A1 15.44 3 in.M'5, M7 2,600 FT3-W-1 80,81
76mm, M1A1, FT76-C-1
M1A1C, M1A2
3 in. & 76mm HVAP-T, M93 (T4E20), 9.36 3 in. M5, M7 3,400 C7=0.885 82
T4E17 76mm, M1A1,
M1A1C, M1A2
90mm, APC"I, M82 24.11 M1, M2, M3 2,800 FT90-F-1 83,84

2,670
90mm, AP-T, T33 24.06 M1, M2, M3 2,800 C7=1.86 85

I
90mm, HVAP-T, T30E16 16.80 M1,M2,M3 3,350 C7=1.11 86
I
*Variable ballistic coefficient.
**Striking velocity curves are based on calculation made by Siacci's Method, using the indicated ballistic coefficients
unless a .Firing Table number is indicated.
STRIKING VELOCITY Y5. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY· CRITERION * Page 137 .
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE BULLET, AP, .30 'CAL , .M2
2,750
2,500
2,250
II)
.:::
I
2,000

'u
>
0
Q)
>
m
1,750 c:
~.
'i:
en
1,500
1,250
MV-2,775 f/s
1,000
Penetration in.
750 f-. I-
I
I
~ 104 _
I I
0.1 0.2 I 0.3:- 0.4 S0.5E :: 0 6

I- • : ; 1.0=
• f-. ~1.1_ 1.2
...
~ 1.3 _ 1.5
Range y d ++++-I'H-H-+-I-H-+-+-+-l--I--l--+-I--U
I I
IIII 1.111 _
I
I-III _LLll I .. " , ,., •••• 1-'. r' ... .......
o 200 400 600 800 '1,000 1,200 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
*See definition, page 134
FIGURE 58
Page 138
STRIKING VELOCITY Ys. ARMOR "PENETRATION and RANGE 'NAVY CRITERION * ,
FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE BULLET, AP, .30 CAL, M2
3,000
. '
2,750
2,500
..
2,250
~
I
2,000
....:L,
'u
0
Q)
1,750 >
0>
c:
32
....
'C
(f)
1,500
1,250 r;
MV-2,77S f/s
1,000
If.
~ Penetration in.
750 ~ --
0.1 ~ 0.2 0.3= 0.4: 0.5:= 0.6 0.7 0.8 r- O.g> 1.0 1.1 ~ 1.2 - 1.3 1.4 - l. 5
"1111 II r III T III II 11 , II I I I I I I II I I , .
~
III :11111 1.1111 I! I I
Range yd PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT

I 1 r 'I ,"
"
o 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800' 2,000 2,200 2,400.. 2,600 2,800 3,000.
*See definition, page 134 FIGURE 59
STRIKING VELOCITY Y5. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION * Page 139
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE BULLET, AP, .50 CAL, M2
3,000
2,750
, . !
2,500
2,250
--~ .....
2,000
-
-
-
-
'u
I
>
0
Q)'
1,750 >C>
c:
:5t
1,500
-'
tf)
.
1,250
MY-2,935 f/s, (45 in. barrel)

1,000 MY-2,835,_f/s (36 in. barr~1)
Penetration in.
.
750
0.1
II
0.2
,,
1I11
003 0.4 0.5
11I1
0.6
"'1111
0.7
"1'1 :m 0:8
I l l r r- r l l l ' I I , 1
' D.9
"'I
l
~ 1.0
r,'
1.1
I"l I
I-
t 1.2
'j-, ," h
1;3
IIII
1.4
"'I
r
1"",
1. 5
I
,,
I I
, ,,
, Ran ge' yd PREPARED BY ORDNANCE, DEPT,~
o 200' 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
FIGURE 60
Page 140 STRIKING VELOCITY Y5. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION-*
FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE BULLET, .AP, .50 CAL, M2
3,000
2,750
-2,500
2,250
!
I
-
I/)
.:::
2,000 I
->
'u
0
Q)
1,750 , >
C>
c:
~
1,500
-
.~
( f)
1,250
I
MY-2,935 f/s (45 in. barrel)

1,000 MY-2,835 f/s (36 in. barrel)
Penetration in.
750 f- t
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 ; &,0.7 mO.8 0.9 , ~ 1.0 . 1.1 1.2 . ' 1.3 ~ 1.4 '1. 5
, .... -,
.
I
.
I
-
1-, 1'""', •
I
I
I
I
Range yd
..• PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT
IIII ·11111 I .-.1 I J
o 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
*See definition, page 134 . FIGURE 61
Page 141
STRIKING VELOCITY Y5. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION *

,ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE
2,600~oo: 50 0 ·............-T',.......,.40° r 30° 0° SHOT, Ap·T, 20 mm, M75
2,400
2,200
2,000
II)
1,800 .:::I
....
·u
>.
0
Q)

1,600 >0)
c:
32
...."
tf)
1,400
1,200
MV-2,SSS f/s
1,000i
Penetration in.
, 800 I I I
_" ++t-H 0.2· ~

0-.+ 0.4 r- 0.6 PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT_
-"] 11"'"11 f I TT1,-
o 200 400 600 8,00 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
FIGURE 62
Page·142
NAVY CRITERION*
SHOT, AP-Y, 20 mm, M75
2,400
2,200
2,000
~
1,800, I
~
'u
o
Q)
1,600'
>
1-0)
C
.:;:
-
.;::
V)
1,400
1,200
NJV-2,SSS f/s
1,000
800
"
o- '0.2 0.4 0.6 ~ 0.8 +ti++.. 1.0 1.2 1. 4 ~ 16 1.8

• ,- I •, I " I • ,-!-=tFt=ff1 ,WWI:t++:J:++tI::t:I:l+q::mQ::t::l:tTTf II H-tt-~rl1m.Ird.jj±t±ttittttttttt:ttttiii"1H:1
I • I I .m=tt.g..111-+- I I
•• I
I
I I
III
o 200 . 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2~400 2,600 2,800 3,000
FIGURE 63
Page 143
3,000 STRIKING VELOCITY vs. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION*
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLAT~EJI~IIII~: g~.P~IWS~HO~T, MAP~-TJ~20~m~mJ~M~95~.(T~9E5~)
--.H-+-l-I--H--IH-+-H.-++-H--I--I-+-+++++++++++++t-+++ 70° -I-I--t--t-c1-H 60° 50°.. 40° 30° +-H++-t++ 20° 0° ++++-t+l-H-++++++++-H-I-H++++++++I
2,500
2,25'0
2,000
--
~
I
>
'u
I
0
1,750 Q)
>
0>
c:
:s2
1,500 -
'i:
en
1,000
1IIIIIIIIIIIIgIEIIIIRlgiEM~V.~2,8;OO~f~/sIIIElllllm
Penetrati 0 n in. ++++++++++++-H+-H-++-H-I-H-+++++-++++++++t-+++-R""f'IItooI"""-:I:::-H-++++++++++++-I
750
~ 0.3 .
f
0.1,.:..
.
I
I
== OJ
I
I
h I
,I
t 0.5 ,c
0.6
• ,.,i
I
I
I I
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,bOO 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,0.00
FIGURE 64
Page 144
STRIKING VELOCITY Ys. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION*

FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE SHOT, AP-T, 20 mm, M95(T9E5)
3,000
1 I 11_ .1 I I 1_ •.U.J I ,1111
- - -
50° ~ 40° ~ 30° 20°- 0°
1
- l
2,>150 .
2,500
2,250
I/)
;:;:
2,000 I
-
l-
I-
I-
I-
>
I
I-
'u
I- 0
I- Q)
I-
l-
I-
>
0>
I-
I-
c:
I-
I-
:52
I- "
I-
l-
v;
1,500
1,250
..
I.
MV-2,800 lIs
1,000 ,
Penetration in.
'TI I I I I
750
0.1 F
I I I .'
0.2
l
:= 0.3 '"
I
0.4
,r 1 I 1
0.5
t
~
r.
0.6 illO. 7OO 0.8
l-
~
l-
0.9
I
~
I-
1.0
I
~
r
1.1 ~ 1.2
.1
:= 1.3
I
1.4 1. 5
I
I
Range yd PREPARED BY ORDNANCE' DEPT'~
I I I I I I I I I I I
200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600' 2,800 3,000
°
FIGURE 6S
Page 145
STRIKING VELOCITY ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE

V5. _ - NAVY, CRITERION*
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE SHOT, APe·1,37 mm, M51Bl or M51B2
3,000 -
;65 0 60° 55°50° 45°: 400:~ 830°, 20° 0°

70°
2,800
2,600
en
2,400 :
~
I
-
~
·u
0
Q)
2,200 >
m
c:
"~
2,000 -
.t:
'tJ)
1,800
MV·2,900 f/s
1,600 "
1,400
1,200
0
I 1.0
TI'
2.0
Penetration in.
: 3.0
"~.
4.0
'r,'
5.0
r_· • ....,.. ..,,-,_r
Range yd ' PREPAR~D BY ORDNANCE DEPT. :
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

°
FIGURE 66
Page 1.46
STRIKING VELOCITY Ys. ARMOR PENETRATION and. RANGE NAVY CRITERION*

SHOT, APe-T, 37 mm, M5181 or M5182
2,800
2,600
2,400
2,000
1,800
MV-2,900 f/s
1,600
1,400
Penetration in.
1,200
o 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
I I I I I I I I I J LJ.
I. PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT
. Range
. yd
I
o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000

FIGURE 67
Page 147
STRIKING VELOCITY Y5. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION *

..
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE -SHOT, APe-T, 3'7 mm, M59
3,500
·3,000
2,500
MV-2,800f!s
2,000 ~-.;
P Til
~ II)
;:;::
I
1;500 I -
'g
>
Q)
> MV-2,800 f/s + 3'50 m~h ,airspeed
C>
c:
1,000 ~
-
.~
en
MV-2,050 f/s
I Penetration in.
500
0 '0 ..5 . 1.0 2. 0 r+-+-!++++++-+++-I-I-l 2. 5 3. 0 3. 5
, ,,"
I
.I LI U
Range
I I 1.1 I I 1.1 I.
yd I 'PREPARED BY . OR"DNANCE DEPT]

I
-.I 'rl r r '·Jrl" ,.",. I I '"[
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 . 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
FIGURE 68
Page 148

I
FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE SHOT, APe-T, 37 mm, M59
3,500
3,000
2,500
MV-2,800 lIs
2,000
1,500
MV-2,800 lIs + 350. mph airspeed
-++-+-+++++++++-+++++++++++++++++-t+++-H-t-t-+++-t
MV-2,OSI lIs
Penetration in.
, II1II i II I I
1.0 1.5 I
Range yd
• '" f II
I .1 I I
o 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
FIGURE 69
Plge 149
STRIKING VELOCITY Ys. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE: NAVY CRITERION*

ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE~~~~~~~~~~~~SHOT,A~~ 37mm, M80
VI
.:::
I
-
>,.
'u
o
Q)
>.
3,300'
2,800
1,800
MY-3,050 f/s + 350 mph airspeed r++-+-H-++-iH-++-ir+++l-H
MY-3,050 f/s
.I I " ',' • - ". •
. ""Y-.1!~~~.Ys.+ 350 mph airspeed

-Penetration in. MY-l.,825 f/s
800 i
tttEwmw 1. 0
1+ ", , I I
+Jt:t:tl=t+~m 2.0
.+1
+++++++-+-H-+--t-f-H 3.0 ++++:ttt:J=jftl:+j:+l=. 4.0
++- --t+++++-+-HH-H-t++ 5.0
Range yd PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT::
-
o 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000· 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
FIGURE 70
Page 150
STRIKING VELOCITY Ys. ARMOR PENETRATION and RAN,GE NAVY CRITERION*.

FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE SHOT, Ap·T, 37 mm, MOO
~
I'
'l:
'u
o
Q)
>
Q')
c:
3,800 :it
2,800
2,,3,00
1,800
MV·3,050 fls + 350 mph airspeed
MV·3,050 f/s
MV.1,825 f/s + 350 mph airspeed t-+++-t-+++-t-t-t-+H-t-t-H-I
800 ~II 1. 0
Penetration in.
2.0 .-+++-H-+-HH-t-HH-t-H 3. 0+-+-++++++.f-++-I-H-+-I-':, 4.0 --.
·'MV.1,825- f/s
H-++-l'+++-++-H-++-H 5.0
- Range yd PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT ~
-,III I II I I I I I I I I I II I I I ~
o 200 . 400 600 800 . 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
FIGURE 71
Page 151
STRIKING VELOCITY, ,
Y5. ARMOR PENETRATION and 'RANGE ..
NAVY CRITERION *'
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE SHOT,AP~T, 40 mm,M8l or M81Al
2,750
2,500
V)
;:::
2,250 I
-
>
·u
0
(1)
2,000 >C)
c:
Jt
1,750
-
.~
t J)
1,500 t-H-I-H-++-t-++-HH-H-I'-+-lfl-hff*H-+++++++++++++-H-+-H'-+-N-+ MV· ~ ,870 f/5
Penetration in.
o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

*See .definition, page 134
FIGURE 72
Pili 152 .
STRIKING VELOCITY Y5. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION*
lllllllii~'••
FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE SHOT, Ap·T, 40 mm, M8l or M81Al
-,
3,2501•
3,00
0 • • • • , ..j.....j...W-J.-.+.W-J....I..-+..<!....I--l--W
60° 45° ++++-If-++-I-I- 30° 20° I-+--l--J.-.+-I--!- 00 ..j.....j...W-J.-.+.W--i--/-l-.I-l-I-W
2,500
2,250
~
I
l:
2,000 ·uo
G)
>
0>
c
MV·2,870 fI5 ++-HH-l--I-I-I-4-l-+-+-I-+--l--I-l-4-l-l-1--l-+-l-l-1

1,500
· 1,250
Penetration in.
1,000 -
0.2
I J
OA
J J I .-
~
h
0.6
IIII
0.8
IIII
1.0
I
1.2
,
I I
I I
I
I
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 ~,400 2,600. 2,800 3,000
*5•• definition, page 134
FIGURE 73
Page 153
STRIKING VE_LOCITY vs. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE- NAVY CRITERION *

ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE SHOT, Ap·T, 57 mm, M70
3,000 60°: 50° 40° 30° 20° 0° (
2,750
2,500
- .
2,250
\
11).
;:;::
I
l:
2,000 "u
0
a;
>
0> I
c:
1,750 ~
"C:
ci5
1,500
- MV..2,9S0 f/s
1,250
Penetration in.
,.
1,000
1.0 2.0 3.0 1
4.0 5.0 ..6.0 7.0
I
I
I
Range yd . . .
o 200 400 600 800 - 1,000 ·1,200 1,400· 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
.*See definition, page 134
FIGURE 74
Page 154
STRIKING ,VELOCITY Y5. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION*

FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE SHOT, Ap·T, 57 mm, M70
'2,750
2,500
2,250
2,000 1~
'u
o
~
'" L-
v;
1,500 MV·2,950 f/s
1,250
Penetration in.
"1111
2.0 , 3.0 : 4.0

II
111111111111111
+ ,.
Range-yd
800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,6.00 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
FIGURE 75
Page 155
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE PROJECTILE, APC-T, 57 mm, MBG
, WITH FUZE, B0, M72
2,500
2,300
2,100
I/)
-.:;::
1,900 >I,
....
·u
0
Q)
>
1,100 C>
c:
~
....'
(f)
1,500
1,300
1,100
Penetration in .
. 900
H-+-H-+-+-t++++HH-t-++ 1. 0 s=mElEm 2. 0 f=I::++1+1++m+++ 3. °t=ttJ=jm+t=t:t:l+tt 4. °
I
"I ,
H--t-t-1H-++-t-+++-t--H- 5. 0 +++++++-+-H-++i-+-t 6. 0
I ~,... •
t-++-+'-lH-t-++-r-H-t--H-
1 ,
7. 0
., ,
rt+++t-H
,
I
Range yd PREI¥.RED BY ORDNANCE DEPT
I ++++-H-++++++-+-l-+-+-t+-H+-.-'TTTT I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I
° 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 1,000

FIGURE 76
Page 156
STRIKING VELOCITY vs. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION*

3,200
FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE 1IIIIIIIIIIlmlillmEIiPiPR~OJ~EC~TIL~E,~AP~C.~T,~57~m~m,~Mi8I86~
WITH FUZE, BD, M72
2,800
2,600
2,400
\I)
2,200 .:::
L
r C)
c .
32.
....
'i: . MV·2,700 f Is I--H-H--++++++++-I--H-H-+++++++-HH-+++-+++-t-+++-H
en
1,800
l,600
Penetration in.
1,400
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 1.0
II I I rl 111-1 1II1 IIII III J J
I
,,
I Range yd PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT
I" - , . ·'111111111111111111 I 11I111
• I
0 500 1,000 1~500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500

FIGURE 77
Page 157

rPROJECTILE, APC-T, 75 mm, M61 or M61Al
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE WITH FUZE, B0, M66Al
2,600 55°· E50045°~~~"""""30° 20°
2,200
2,000
l-
I- II)
t.:::
II
1,800 1= ?:'
I 0_
I U
:=
I
0
Q)
t >
1,600 ~ g>
t 32
I 01- .
I ..-
:: Cf)
1,400
1,200
MV-2,030f/s + 350 mph airspeed
1,000 MV·2,030 fIs :tttttttt±±tttt:ttj
Penetratio.n in.
800 .
I
I
.- Range yd PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT
I : I I II I I I
° 1,000
2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000' 6,000 7,000
FIGURE 78
Page 158
2,600
STRIKING VELOCITY Y5. ARMOR
'.
PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION*
. -
~~FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE PROJECTILE, APC-T,75' mm, M61 or

M61Al WITH FUZE, B.D , M66Al
2,200
2,000
1,800
--
~
I
>
b 'g
1,600 Q)
f->
f- C)
f- c:
f- •

~
.~
1,400 en
1,200
MV-2,030 f/s + 350 mph. airspeed

1,000 MV~2,030 f/s t::I:tt:lmt:tl=l:~
;
Penetration . in.
.,
800
1.0 .2.0 3.0 I
4.0 5.0
II II 111 I IIII I -rr-o-
I
I
I Range yd ++-t---I-+++--l-t-H-l+-+-H+-+-H++' PRE PAR ED BY 0 RDNA NeE DEPT .
I
. I r I I r-Y- ,
O· 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,00D

'l'See definition, page 134
FIGURE 79
Page 159
STRIKING VELOCITY vs.·ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION *

2,800 . . I I
2
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE PROJECTILE, APC:t; 3 INCH an'd 76 mm , M6:
1 1
11
II
00 or M62Al WITH FUZE, BD, M66Al
60° 5 5° 50° 45° 40~ 30° 20°
2,600
2,400
2,200
2,000
.....
~
I
~
1,800 'u
0
Q)
>'
0>
c:
, 1;600 ~
.~
en
76 mm Guns M1A2
1,400 MV-2;600 f1s I I I ~
MV-2,600 fls
I I I -I I I I ! •
76 mm Guns M1Al M1AIC and 3 in. Guns MS, M7
1,200
Penetration in.
1,000
1.0
I
2.0
III
3.0
I II (
I
,
4.0 5.0
I
I
'T
6.0
I. I I
',: 7.0 ..
I
Range Yd. PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT ::
I
I III I I TTl 1 ITl '-'11 II 1 II 11
o 1.000 2,000 3,000 4,000 ' 5,000 6,000 7,000

*See definitio~, page 134
--FIGURE 80
Page 160
STRIKING VELOCITY Ys. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRIT·ERION*

2,800
~FACE' HARDEN'ED' ARMOR PLATE
I I
- I
I
, PROJ.ECTllE, APC-T, 3INCH and 76 mm,
45° 30° . 20° : 0° - M62 or M62Al WITH FUZE, B0, M66Al
2,600
2,400
..
2,200
2,000 - \I)
'-:.:;:
: I
c..
i- >-
_
- .-
1,800 ~ ~
- (1)
E>
~ C>
i-
- .-c:
1,600 ~. ~
....
~c.n
f-
-
MY-2,600 f/s
1,400 76 mm Guns M1A2
MY-2,600. fls
111 f If' I I Ill'
76 mm' Guns M1Al, M1A1C and 3 in. Guns MS / M7

. ' I _
1,200
I
I I I I I II I I I I I I I I
Penetration in.
1,000 -
,- I .
,
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
I f II .111111111111111 111111 I I."
f
I
I Range yd PREPARED BY QRDNANCE DEPT
I
. I I I I I I I I I I I I I
o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

FIGURE 81
Page 161
STRIKING VELOCITY Y5. ARMOR 'PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION*
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE SHOT, HVAP,3 INCH and 76 mm, T4E17.or M93 (T4E20)
3,200
3,000
2,800
en
.:::
2,600 I.
, ....>
'u
o
CI)
>
2,400 0)
c:
~
MV-3,400 fI 5 -++++-+-+++++++t+++-t-+++-t-t-t-t-t-t-H-++-H
....
'C
(J)
2,200
2,000
d.
,;'1
1,800 ,,
!I'
I
Penetration in.
1,600 1-I-I-+++-H-+++-t-+++-t-+++-t-+-H-t-H-H-1 0 _ 2.0 3.0 4.0~~, ?o,t$ 6.0 ~ 7.0 ~ 8.0 9.0 E, 10.0 ~,ll.0 ~ 12.0
.11 I II IL.l I I I I I I I I 1+J::+++t++U+t=+ttt~ PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT . ~
Range: yd I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1'1 1 1 I
° 200 400
600 800 1,000 1,200, 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,O~0
FIGURE 82
Page 162
STRIKING,VELOCITY V5. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION*

, ROLLE'D HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE PR'OJECTltE;APC-T, 90 mm, M82
I r WITH FUZE B0, M68
55°· ~ 50°·'
2,600
2,400
III
~
2,'200 I
....>
·u
o
<I>
, 2,000 >0)
c:
~
.i:
....
en
1,800 MV-2,800 f/s
MV-2,670 fls
1,600
1,400
Penetration in.
1,200 ,
1-H-++++++-f-J++++-+-I--l-4' 1. 0 -+ +++-++++++++++'
-+-t' 2. 0 f-+++-l-++++-++++++- 3. 0 -t+++-+-+++-+++++-+-H 4. 0 ++++-I--l--l-+-I---I-I-l-l-~ 5. 0 H-H-t-++-t+++-t-+-+-H' 6. 0 -++++++++-t-+-I-4-l-l-4; 7. 0 -+-!-l-I-I-l-I
" 1 I " T I l I 1 I 1 ". H-H-tt+t++++++++-rr--r-t-rl++t+++-H-+H--H-+-t--t-t-t-t+++++H

Range yd i IIII1I11
o 1,000 2,000 3,00D 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

FIGURE 83
Page 163
STRIKING VELOCITY Y5. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY'CRITERION*'

FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE P'ROJECTILE, APC-I, 90' inm~ MOl
2,600
2,400
I
II)
-.::::
- I
2,200
-
-- 'u
,=
>-" ~
0
Q)
>
2,000 0>
c:
.:52
-~
V ):
1,800
MV-2,800 f/s
1,600
MV-2,670 f/s
1,400
Penetration in.
1. 0
1 IIII
\-l....I-I-l--I-+-I--l-+++-l++ 2. °
1'1 I"
++-H-+++-HH-H-+-H 3. 0 4. 0 I-+++-H--H-i-++-+-+-++
, r" , l--I-+-I--l-++-+-+-+-t-+-+-f-+" I
5. °
, I I I
I--I-+-I--H-+++-++++++ 6. 0 ' 7. 0 H-I-I-+-+-+-I
Range yd PREPARED, BY ORDNANCE DEPT,

" , IT' '" 1
o 1,000 2,000 3,000 ' 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

*See definition, page 134 '
FIGURE 84
Page 164

..
ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE SHOT, AP-T, 90 mm, T33 :
3,000
55° 30° 20° .0°
2,750
- I/)
I
2,500 -
>-
'u
0
Q)
>
Ie 0>
c:
2,250 ~
1-.
-
'i:
V )'
2,000
1,750 MV-2,SOO f1s
1,500
• !
Penetration In.
1,250 7.0 '
3.0 _4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 9.0
- . .....
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT _
Range yd I r .•. ,. ,-
o 1,000 2,000 - 3,000 4,000 6,000 7,000
*See'definition, page 134
FIGURE 85
Page 165
STRIKING VELOCITY V5. ARMOR PENETRATION and RANGE NAVY CRITERION *

ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE' SHOT, HYAP-T, 90-mm, T30E16
.- #-., ,. ,...
3,200
,~
-,
I
~.~0
3,-000 ~
~~
,s::
2,800 ~:s2 .~
'ci)
2,600
2,400
2,200
2,000
Penetration
..,.,-,....
in .
1,800 1-H-HH-H-l'3. 0 4:0 5.0 ~ 6.0 1. 0 r8.0 ~ 9.0 11.0 12.0
Range . yd.
I'" I T · . ·. • ..,,··, ....· , · . . - ,
TT'
o 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000
*See definition" page 134
Volume III Part 12
ATTACK OF ;JAPANESE LOG AND/OR EARTH FORTIFICATIONS
1. GENERAL. It appears that soft woods like palm should be as easily penetrable as
earth while hardwoods like oak, ebony, or mahogany wo~ld be equivalent
Japanese log and/or earth fortifications of the type considered in this in stopping power to two times th~ir thickness of earth.' Medium hard
discussion are built with vertical walls made of several layers of logs or of one woods like pine or spruce shQuld come in between.
or 'more layers of earth-filled oil drums and with log roofs, the whole covered The data are given in graphs representing the thickness of earth penetrated
with earth. They are usually constructed quit~ low so as to be almost in or the thickness of logs in the walls versus range for the various weapons. There
visible. In. cases, however, where the water table is high, the fortifications is one set of graphs for the attack of vertical walls with low-angle fire and
would of necessity lie mostly above ground and be more. easily seen. Th~ a second set for the attack of roofs with high-angle fire.
structureS. are usually well compartmentalized into bays so that a shell It is dear that as high-angle fire is practiced, relatively light weapons
detonating in one bay will do a minimum of damage in a bay next to it. like the 75mm and 105mm howitzers, the 155mm mortar, and the 81mm
mortar are of borderline usefulness in attacking heavier type roofs of log
fortifications. It would seem from the graphs that a well-made bunker or
I" 'BOMBING OF LOG AND/OR EARTH FORTIFICATIONS. pillbox with three layers of logs and say 5 or 6 feet of earth would stand
Bombs are not very effective against this type of target due to the small up against any of the light weapons used in high~angle fire. Such targets
percentage of -hits scored, the resilience of palm-log shoring, the dispersion would he vulnerable to high-angle fire from the. 4.5 inch Gun Ml, the
of personnel in bays, and the high recovery coefficient of· these targets. 155mm Gun Ml, the 155mm Howitzer Ml or the 8 inch Howitzer Ml.
Direct hits are required since near-misses seem to do negligible damage. Question~ of probable errors would, however,'come to the fore.
See Volume III Part 3 for penetrations of bombs in earth. In dir~ct fire against a vertical wall of similar construction to that of the
roof just mentioned, the 57mm, 75mm, 76mm, 3 inch and 90mm would be
effective. The 105mm Howitzer M2Al would also be effective but the 105mm
3. ARTILLERY AND MORTAR ATTACK. Howitzer M3 and the 75mm Howitzer would be at the limit of their effective
ness at point blank range. Heavier direct firing guns and howitzers will all
In artillery attack it is. required that the projectile perforate the earth defeat such a wall.
covering and log or oil drum walls and detonate inside the fortifications.
Since the materials of the bunkers are rather soft, ordinary HE projectil~s
4. ROCKET ATTACK.
may be used without fear Of their deforming. A suitable delay fuze is required
to bring about the detonation inside. The ordinary PD fuzes with delay It appears from experiments that the 2.36 in~h rocket is ineffective
setting attached to most HE artillery projectiles would be satisfactory at against log and earth fortifications. It can be effective. only if it enters
ranges for which strikingvelocities are relatively low. The CP M78 (TI05) an embrasure since it does not have much penetrating power. This would
Fuze, where it can be attached ~o a projectile, may be used at all ranges. require attack from extremely small ranges of approximately 15 yards.
Its use is required at the shorter ranges of certain weapons where the At a range of 150 feet the 4.5 inch Rocket, M9, can penetrate 4 feet of
striking velocity is high and an ordinary PD fuze would malfunction. earth and three layers of I-foot pine logs. Data for the newer spin stabilized
The treatment is limited to giving the .maximum ranges at which the , 4.5 inch Rocket, T38, are given in one Of the figures.
various weapon-ammunition combinations will perforate a given thickness When fired from a plane flying low and level at 350 miles per hour the
of earth and/or logs as the case may be. 5 inch HVAR is estimated to penetrate 21 feet of earth at 1,000 yards
In the case of earth filled drums it may be assumed that the steel walls range and 19 .feet at 2,000 yards. The small arigle of fall of this rocket
are equivalent to 6 inches of earth in stopping power. Thus the thickness limits its use to the attack of vertical walls. With the BD fuze at 0.02 second
of earth in a vertical wall would be considered increased by as many times delay there might be some danger of the rocket· passing all the way through
6 inches as there are layers of' steel drums. a bunker and then detonating. .
Page 161
(/)
z 20 FIGURE 87
aCL PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT.
"'"
.,,.,
90 mm-90 mm-Guns, MIAl, M2 or M3 with
<{ I IS Shell, HE, M71; MV 2,700 f/s.
W Z
~
,(/)
l1J
:e
~
Z
-
0
10
(\J
FUZE ANY
C.P. M78 FUZE
(0.025 SEC. DEL.),
16
3 in.-3in, Guns, M5. or M7 with Shell, HE,
M42Al; MV 2,800 f/s.
76mm-76 mm Guns, MIAl, MIAIG or
MIA2 with Shell, HE, J\f42Al; MV /2,700 f/s~
:::> «m 75 mm-75 mmGun, M3 with Shell, HE,
a :e
l1J
z
« 14
M48; MV 1,980 f/s.
57 mm-57mm Guns, Ml or MIAI with
0:: :I: Projectile, APC-T, M86; MV 2700 f/s.
I
~ J:
I-
0::
75~'~M 12
37 mm-,-37 mm Guns M3 orM3Alwith Shell,
HE, M63; MV 2600 f/s.
0::
>-
00
«
l1J
l1J
I 90.~M I
All the above shell with standard PD Fuze
with 0.05 sec. or greater delay, including Fuze,
« CP, M78 (TI05) (0.025 sec. delay) may be
(/) l1J 10 -5 used at ranges greater than the rangesindi
I- 0:: :3"
(!) ::::> (!)
· catedby the dash line on the curves. The use
a~ 0 --I
of the M78Fuze is mandatory at shorter ranges.
-
I
J: 0
w I- lLI S'I 4
0::
LL d5 ~ :e 57MM
I -5
-
Example:
::> 76 MM I A Japanese bunker has vertical walls consisting
I en I - of 2 feet of hardwood logs with an ~nbankment
l.LI 0:: en 61 4 -3
-I
(,!) I- 0 « ; · 5 feet thick. At what maximum range will the
z 0:: z ,-5 · 76 mm Gun, MIA2 firing Shell, HE, M42Al
«
I
«W J:
t- o 37MM
I :
3 .
-
4 1_": 4-- ----2
perforate?
At the right of the diagram it is seen that
~ I : -
3= « 2 feet of hardwood logs (lower horizontal dashed
0 z 3 2
-I ~ en ~
-
-- I ine) is equivalent to 4 feet of earth to which
:::> -I ::i 2 ..; 2 must be added 5 feet, of earth (right vertical
-I -I
0 «
(.)
z
:
: -I dashed line). Following the remaining dashed
W ~ -:
. -- I ines shows that the maximum range of pene
tration is 4,350 yards.
~ I-
o '=0 -0 -,0
g,
(!) Z
0 l1J
-I ~ 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 TH.ICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFO.RATED FEET
~
L
Z -I Z
[ HARD WOOD (OAK, EBONY t MAHOGANY)
« «
(0
RANGE (YARDS)
Z (.)
r THICKNESS OF' LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
a I- ~
l MEDIUM
~
0::
l.LI
>
-
l.LI
r THICKNESS
HARD' WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE)
OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET

0:: l SOFT WOOD (PALM)
I
W
Z PENETRATION INTO EARTH (FEET)
W
.0..
Page 168
(f)
Z
0 20 FIGURE 88
a..
<:(
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT. .F==
~
I 105H-105 mm Howitzer, M2A1 with Shell,
W Z
3:
(f)
W
~
~
Z
-
0
10
18 HE, M1; MV J550 f/s.
105h-105 mm Howitzer, M3 with Shell,
HE, M1; MV 1020 f/s.
C\J 75h-75 mm Howitzer, M1, MlA1, M2 or
:::> «
CO
16 M3 with Shell, HE,M48; MV 1250 f/s.
0 Z All the above shell using Fuze, PD, M 48 or
~
w « Mod. or "any other PD Fuze, including Fuze,
0:: :J:
14 CP, M78 (T105) (0.025 sec. delay). The use
I-
~ :J:
I-
a:::
of the M78 Fuze is not mandatory.
a:::
>-
CD
«
w
lLJ
I I- 12 Example:
« ANY FUZE J A Japanese bunker has vertical walls con~isting
(f) lLJ of 2 feet of hardwood logs with. a horizontal
'I- a::: embankment 5 feet thick. At what maximum
CD :::> <.!> 10 range will the 105 mm Howitzer, M2A1 firing
0 0
:J: 0 Shell, HE, M1 perforate? .
w -.J I- lLJ
- -j
a::: I
lL.
W
CO
I
3:
a:::
~
:::>
en 'I05h
105 H == 8'I
I
2 feet of hardwood logs (lower horizontal dashed
line) is equivalent to 4 feet of earth to which
en I must. be added 5 feet of earth (right vertical
...J
(,!) I- 0 « 75 h' ! f--
61
I dashed line). Following the remaining dashed
Z 0:: :J: lines shows that the maximum range of per
« <:( I
Z
0 l=: I
, foration is 4,850 yards.
I
W f.:=
3: 3: l I
0 « 4 1-
2
...J ~ en z
:::> ...J
...J
...J
0
0 « z 2
W 3:
~ I
(,!) Z -0 o
~
0 w
...J ~
~
Z 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 ,- ""-HICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
~ HARD
...J Z
e« «co WOOD (OAK, EBONY, MAHOGANY)
Z 0 RANGE (YARDS)
~
0 I-
~
a:::
w
>
-
w '------4
THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PE~FORATED FEET
MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE)
0:: THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
I- 1-_----1
SOFT WOOD (PALM)
W
Z
W
a.. L-------PENETRATION INTO EARTH (FEET)
Page 169
(f)
z PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT.
FIGURE 89
0
-0 4.5 in. R--,--4.5 in. HE Rocket Shell,' T38 with
<t: I Fuze, PD, M48A2 or Fuze, CP, M78 (TI05)
W Z (0.025 sec. delay). The use of the M78 Fuze
~
(/)
W
~
~
z
-
0
I{)
(\J
, is not mandatory.
'Example:
:::> «m A Japanese bunker has vertical walls consi~ting
0 ~
z of 2 feet of hardwood logs with a horizontal
w « ANY FUZE 14 embankment 5 feet thick. At what maximum
0:: :I:
range will the 4.5 in. HE Rocket Shell, T38
l-
~ I
I- 0::: 12
perforate?
0:::
>CO «
W
lJJ
I-
2 feet of hardwood logs (lower horizontal dashed
line) is equivalent to 4 feet of earth to which
« must be added 5 feet of earth (right vertical
(/) lJJ 10
I- 0::: dashed line). Following the remaining dashed
(!) ::> C> lines shows that the maximum range of pene
0 0 tration is 1,300 yards.
w ...J :I: a 4.5
11
R
0::: I- lJJ
l1..' ro 3= ~
::>
w I en
0::: en 3
...J
(!) ~ 0 «
z 0::
«
I
«W J:
I
Z
0
2
3: 3= I
0 <C
...J ~ en z
:::> ...J
...J
...J
(.)
0 <C Z
W 3:
.~ I o
r.
(!) Z
~
0
...J
W
~ 'lHICKNESS OF LOG WA. ~L
PERFO.RATED F EE~
Z ...J
~
Z ~HARD WOOD (OAK, EBONY, MAHOGANY)
« «
m
RANGE (YARDS)
Z (.) THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
~ '------I
0
~
I
0:::
W
>
-
W
L.- --1
MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE J SPRUCE)
THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
.-
0::
W
SOFT WOOD (PALM)
Z I...-----------PENETRATION INTO EARTH (FEET)

w
a..
Page 170
FIGURE 90
(f)
z PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT.
155 mm Gun, Mi918Ml; Shell, HE, MIOl.
0 The letters in the graph refer to the propellent
a...
«
w
I charge, N for Normal Charge and S for Super
charge. See figures 87, 88 and 89 for examples
~
(f)
Z
W
~
~
Z
-
0
to
C\I
on how to use the chart.
With all the above shell either Fuze, PD, M51
:::> « and Mod. (0.05 sec. delay or longer) or Fu~e,
m z CP, M78 (TI05) (0.025 sec. Delay) may be
0 ~ «
0:: w I
used at all ranges given by curves or portions of
l curves laying below the horizontal dashed
~ II 0:::
lines. Use of the Fuze, CP,M78 is mandatory
> -«0:::W
co
w
I
FUZE, C.P., M78 (0.025 SEC. DELAY) at all ranges on the portions of curves lying
above the horizontal dashed lines.
« ANY FUZE
(f) w
I 0::: 15
<.9 ::> <.!)
0 0
I a
w .-J I W
0:::
~
G: dS 3: ::>
S
CJ) N
W I 0::: CJ)
....I
(!) l 0 « 10
z 0:: :c z
«
I
«
W
I 0
3: 3: i=
«
9 ~ CJ) z
:.J
:::> ....I
....I 0
5~
0 « ~
W 3: 2
~ (!)
I
Z
~
0 W
Z
Z
0
....I
....I
«
0
I
~
~
Z
«
m
~
01 II . i
o 0
.T.HICKNESS
HARD WOOD OF LO.G
(OAK,
.
WAL.LMAHOGANY)
EBONY,
~ ,
PERFO.. RATEO FEET

0::: W
t( W
> TH ICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
0:: MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE)
l-
W
Z TH ICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
W SOFT WOOD (PALM)
a...
PENETRATION INTO EARTH (FEEl)
Page 171
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT. FIGURE 91

(/)
z 155 mm Gun, Ml; Shell, H.E, MI01.
0
0.. 4.5 in. Gun, Ml; Shell, HE, M65
<{ I The letters in the graph refer to the propellent
W
~
(/)
Z
W
~
~
Z
-
0
1.0
(\J
charge. N for Normal Charge and S for Super
charge. See figures 87, 88 and 89 for examples
::> «
m With all the above shell either Fuze, PD, M51
0 ~
z and Mod. (0.05 sec delay or longer) or Fuze,
w «
cr: ::c
I 20 CP, M78 (TI05) (0.025 sec Delay) may be used
~ ::c
I 0::
at all ranges given by curves or portions of
curves laying below the horizontal dashed
0::
>
CD
«
W
w
I FUZE, C.P., M78 (0.025 SEC. DELAY), lines. Use of the Fuze, CP, M78 is mandatory
«
w ANY FUZE
at all ranges on the portions of curves lying
(/) I 0::
above the horizontal dashed lines.
<.9 ;:) (!) 15
0 e
w .-J ::c 0
0::
I w·
~
ii: ciS 3= ;:)
4.5"N
155 MM S
w I en 155MM N'
0::
e en
...J
.t!) l «
~
cr: :r: z
10 5
I
«
W
l e
3= 3= ~ 4
e...J «
~ en z·
::> ...J :J :3
...J 0
0 « ~
W 3= 2
~ t!)
l
2
Z
e
~
w
i
...J ~
Z ~
...J Z
« « 0 0 ,
Z
0
0
I
0::
m
~
W
0 II THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
HARD WOOD (OAK, EBONY, MAHOGANY)
~ W
>
cr: THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
I MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE)
W
Z THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
W
a... SOFT WOOD (PALM)
PENETRATION INTO EARTH (FEET)

FIGURE 92
(f)
z 155 mm Howitzer,Ml; Shell~ HE, MI07.
0 PREPARED BY. ORDNANCE DEPT. ttttlij ......---f
The ,fjgure..s iri the· graph refer, to the zone
a..
«w ....,
z
numbers of· the propellent charge. See figures .
87, 88 and 89 for examples on how to u'se the
~
(.f)
I.LJ
.:e
:liC
Z
-
0
10
(\J
25
chart. . / / .
-With all the above shell either Fuze, PD, M51
::::>. « iuid JY-Iod~ (0:05 sec Delay or longer). or. Fuze,
m' z CP, .M78, (TI05) (0.025 sec Delay) may be
0 :e « r- "
I.LJ used at all ranges given'by curves or portions
0:: !C.
....., 20
,of curves laying below the horizontal dashed
~ I:I: 0:
lines.Use. of the Fuze, CP,M78 is mandatory
0:
r -« I.LJ .at all ranges On' the portions of curves lying
...., above ,the horizontal dashed lines.
CD I.LJ
«
(f) /. I.LJ -
I- 0: 1 - 15,
(9 :::> C)
0 0
w .....J :I: a
0: I- l1J 1
LL ciS ~ :e
::> I
(J) 6
I.LJ I 0: (J)' I
..J
(!) t- o « -10
5
z 0:: z
«
I
«
W
:I:
I- 0 4
1
3= ~ ;::: 3 '1
« 1
9 ~' en z
::::> ..J ::J\ 1
,.
..J -0
:~5'1
0 « ~
W ~
~ ....,
(!) z
0 0 w
F ..J :e
~
Z Z
.....J Ii III~ 0
« « 0
[11111111111 Ullllm 111111111 un rlnllllll"IIIIII"1 UII I 11111111.11 11111111 1/1111.111
2000 40ob' 6000 8000 10,opO 12,000 14pOO 16,000 18,000 2QOOl"
O'
Z. 0 '£0 THICKNESS OF LOG' WALL PERFORATED FEET
0 I :e RANGE (YARDS) HARD WOOD (OAK, EBONY,MAHO~ANY)
0: I.LJ
~ I.LJ
> TH ICKNESS >OF LOG·· WALL PERFORATED FEET
0:: MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE)
t-
W
Z TH ICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
,W . SOFT WOOD (PALM)
a..
Page 173
PREPARED- BY ORDNANCE DEPT. '

FIGURE. 93
Cf) 8 in. Howitzer, Ml;- Shell, HE., Ml06.
z
0
a.. The figures in the graph refer to the zone
«w I-
Z
numbers of the propellent ch~rge. See figures
W 87, 88 and 89 for examples on how to use the
~ ~ 0 chart.
~ 1.0
Cf) Z (\J With all the above shell either Fuze, PD, M5l
:::> «
m
FUZE, C.P., M78 (0.025 S-EC. DELAY) and Mod. (0.05 sec Delay or longer) or Fuze,
0 ~
z ANY FUZE CP, M78 (Tl05) (0.025 sec Delay) may be used
w « 20
0:: I at all ranges given by curves or portions of
l-
~ I
I
0:::
curves laying below the horizontal dashed lines.
Use of the Fuze, CP, M78is mandatory at all
0:::
>-
CD
«
W
w
I-
ranges on the portions of curves laying above
« the horizont~1 dashed lines.
Cf) w 15
I- 0:::
(9 ::> (!)
0 e
I a
w .....J I- W 6
0::: 5 7
i:L dS ~ ~
::> 4
w I en 3
0:::
e en 10
-J
(.!) l- «
z 0:: :r: z
«
I
«W l- e
3: ~ i=
«
9 ~ en z
:::> -J
-J
:J
(,)
0
W
~
~
«
3:
(.!)
e.,j
~
I
Z
w
~
5J I'
~
Z -J Z " 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 II 1111 1111 1111 111111111 1111 II 1111 11111 III II 1111 II 11111130 0
« «
m o 2000 4000 6000 8000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,oOQ 2qOO THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
Z (,)
~ RANGE (YARDS)
0 I-
0::: W
~ W
>
TH ICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
0::
I
W THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
Z SOFT WOOD (PALM)
W
a..
LOW-ANGLE FIRE
FIGURE 94
30
8 inch Gun, Ml or M2; Shell, HE,
M103; Fuze, PD, M51 or Mod. or
FUZE, C. P M 78 Fuze; CP, M78 (T105) (0.025 sec
. 0.025 SEC. DELAY 25 Delay) .
my FUZE With all the above shell either Fuze,
PD, M51 and Mod. (0.05· sec Delay
\0
or longer) or Fuze, CP, M78 (T105)
20 (0.025 sec Delay) may be use,d at all
3 9 ranges given by curves or portions of
8
curves· laying below the horizontal
2 10 dashed lines. Use of the Fuze, CP,M78
.. 1 15
7 is mandatory at all ranges on the por·
8 6 tions of curves lying above the hori·
. zontal dashed lines.
5
6 The numbers in the graph refer to the
4 zone numbers of the propellent charge.
4 3
See Figures 87,.88 and 89 for examples
2
2
I
0 0 ·
I. I.·
.
~. THICKNESS OF LOG. WALL P.ERFORATED
. HARD WOOD (OAK, EBONY, MAHOGANY)
(FE.ET)
THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED (FE;ET)
'-------'----I THICKNESS· OF LOG WALL PERFORATED (FEET)
SOFT WOOD. (PALM)
' - - - - - - - PENETRATION INTO ·EARTH (FEET)

Page 175
(f)
z
0
0
«
w
S
(f) r- PRE~RED BY ORDNANCE DEPT
1-=
:
LOW-ANGLE FIRE
=:)
z --- ~
w 01.[)
0 ~ (\j 35
0:: ~
z :
z FIGURE· 95
5 <[
CD «
I
:

-30
240mm Howitzer, MI; Shell, HE,
~ :
>-
eo W r- . FUZE, C. P., M 78 (0.025 SEC. DELAY)
:::

M114; Fuze, PD, M51 or Mod. or
I 0::: ANY FUZE - . . Fuze, CP, M78 (TI05) (0.025 sec
r-
(f) 0:::
W 1,-: 25 Delay).
(!) <[ trW 1
: With all the above shell either Fuze,
PD, M5I and _Mod. (0.05 Sec delay
w
9 r
~
0::::
<..9
4.
=
1-:: 20
:
10 or longer) or Fuze, CP, M78 (TI05)
(0.025 sec Delay) may be used at all
0 9 ranges given by curves or portions of
d5 0 '-:
I W : curveS laying below the horizontal
r- .~ 8
I~ 15 dashed lines. Use of the Fllze, CP,
:
I 5 ~
(J)
7 M78 is mandatory at all ranges on
~ (J) 1-: the portions of curves lying above the
0:: 0::: : 8 6
<[ horizontal dashed lines.
«
w
0
I Z
I~IO
:
10
6
5
4
The figures in the graph refer to the
-
r- 0 1
:
zone numbers of the propellent charge.
See figures 87, 88· and 89 for examples
~ 5 tr -=- 5 _
3
:J (J) z 2
2
0 -l
-l -l I
0
W
~ z I I'I I I I I~I
=0 o a
~
<..9 r- a 5000
I I I
10000
I I I
15000
I I II
20000 25000
I I [THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERPORATED (PEEr)
HAR 0 WOOD (OAK, EBONY, MAHOGANY)
z
~ 9
RANGE (YARDS) ..
.[. THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED (FEET)
w . MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE)
~ '----"~~~~-1 THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERJ=ORATt:D (FEET)
Z -l <[
~
SOFT WOOD (PALM)
Z
0
f-"
«
m '----~~~_.._...._l. PENETRATION INto EARTH (FEET)
Z 0::: ~
0 w w
tr.0:: --
>
f-
W
Z
W
0
Page 176
-7
PREPARED BY/ORDNANCE DEPT. FIGURE 96
--
-
75 mm Howitzer, Ml, MIAI, M2 or M3;
<J)
-- Shell, HE, M48; Fuze, PD, M48 or Mod. or
z -,
- Fuze, CP, ,M78 (TI05) (0.025 sec Delay).
0 -6 -4 -3 (Use of the M78 Fuze is not mandatory.)
a.. --
«w --
The figures in the graph refer to the zone
numbers of the propellent charge. See, figures
~ CJ) -- - 87, 88 and 89 for examples on how to use the
~ 2 chart. .
CJ) z 5 - 5
-==
a '0:
1LI
> ---
0::
P~
0
(.)
-
-- - -3
> :I: --
1LI
0:
>- t
0:
CD «
--- 4 -4 -2
Li: 1LI -
1LI
CJ)
(!) t , - -
-'
....J ::::>
,
C> 0 0 --
z -.J
« :I:
t 3 3 -2
I d5 --
:I: 3:
C>
:f .-0::
J:
0:
0
'
-
-- -
«w :I:
- -
t
3:
--
--,
2 2 -I
~ --
:::> ~ - - -I
0 0 -
w 0
0:
-
~
~ -- I -I -
C>
.-
0
Z
0
....J
....J
-
-
-
-- ' - -
j:!
Z z
0 0
N
~ :I:0a: I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1,1 I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I
o . 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
LJTHICKN,ESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
I HARD WOOD (OAK, EBONY, MAHOGANY)
0::
I
W RANGE (YARDS) I THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
Z I MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE) ,
W
a.. ' - -_ _---11 THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
I SOFT WOOD (PALM)
'-------PENETRATION INTO EARTH (FEET)

PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT. l= 7 .J FIGURE 97
105 mm Howitze~, M2Al or M3; Shell, HE,

(f)
Ml;Fuze, PD, M48 or Mod. or Fuze, CP, M78
z (Tl05) (0.025 sec Delay).
0 "3 . (Use of the M78 Fuze is not mandatory.)
~ 3
«w The figures in the graph refer to the zone
numbers of the propellent charge. See figures
~ (/)
2 - ]
87, 88 and 89 for examples on how to use the
(!)
z chart.
(f) 5 -5
::J a:::
0 w
>
0:: 0 - -3
c..:>
~ ::c
4 -4 -2
W > I-a:::
(1). «
a::: w
G: (f) -
w (9 I
.....J :::>
(,!) 0 0
z .-J ::c
.« l
3-3-2 -
I d5
::c
(,!) I
3:
:E I a:::, -
0:: 0
«
W
::c
-
I 2 -2 -I
~
3:
::J ~ - -I
0 0 .
W 0
~
a::: .
(!) I -I -
0 0
..J
I -
Z .....J -
«
I
Z Z
0 0
N 0-0-0-0
~ ~
.0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5,,00
LI THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED" FEET
0:: ::c I HARD WOOD (OAK. EBONY. MAHOGANY)
I RANGE (YARDS) ~_-II THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED, FEET
W
Z I MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE. SPRUCE)
W
~ L..-_ _ ----.,1 THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
I SOFT WOOD (PALM)
L.-------PENETRATION INTO EARTH (FEET)

Page 178
FIGUJl,E 98
81 mm Mortar, M1; Shell, HE, M56; Fuze,

(f) PD,. M53E2.
-z Numbers in graph refer to number of incre
0 6 -4 -c
0 ments of propellent charge. See figures 87, 88
«
W
and 89 for example on how to use the chart.
~ (I)
-
(f)
::::>
"z
0:: 5,- 5
LW
0 > "
0:: 0
(.) - -3
~ ::I:
itJ,J
a:
>co ....~ 4- 4 -2
i:i: LW
(j)
LW (9 -
-I
<.!) 0 """
::>
0
z .....J
«I CO ::I:
\-r
.~.
3 - 3 -2
::J: ~
<.!)
:E
:c
~
0::
@5 -
«
W
::I:
~
-
.~ 4 2 - 2 -I
~
:::> ~
0 0 - -I
W 0
a:::
~ 2
<.!)
1 -I ....
0 9 .
zr- -I
-
..,
~
z
5 0
N
~
0-0-0-0
iE
0 o 1000 ~ 5000 '-- THICKNESS OF l.OG WALL PERFORATED FEET
0::: ::I: 2000 3000 4000
I
W RANGE (YARDS) '--"':"-"_ THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
Z
~
'--- THICKNESS' OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET

SOFT WOOD (PALM)
L----~--PENETRATION INTO EARTH (FEET)

Page 179
FIGURE 99
105 mm Mortar, "T13; Shell, HE, T17; Fuze,

en. " PD, M4Al.
z
0 6 -4 -~
Numbers in graph refer· to number of incre
a..
<{
ments of propellent charge. See Figures 87, 88
w and 89 for example on how to use the chart.
~ en
(.!) -
en z
0:: 5 - 5
::J UJ .
Q >
0:: 0 . -3
(.)
~ ::t:
j--,
UJ
>-:- 0:: 4 -4 -2
0:: OJ c::(
[i: UJ
(f)
W (!) j--, -
..J :::>
(!) 0 0
zc::( .....J ::I:
j--, 3 -:: 3 -2
I d5
::I: ~
(!) :r:
:E l- 0::
-
0:: 0 4
<t' ::I:
w I
~ 3
~
::J ~
0 0 - -I
w 0 2
0::
~
(!) I -I -
0 0
..J
l- -
Z ..J
c::(
j--,
-
Z z
0 0
N 0-0-0 -0
~ OC
0 o 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
LJ THICKNESS OF LOG· WALL PERFORATED FEET
0::: ::I: ~ HARD WOOD (OAK,· EBONY J MAHOGANY)
l-
W RANGE (YARDS) " ' - ' - - - 11 THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED· FEET
Z IMEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE I SPRUCE)
W
a.. I THiCKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
'---~---II SOFt WOOD ( PAL.M )
'----,-----PENETRATION INTO EARTH (FEET)

Page 180
7
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT. f- FIGURE .100
(f)
z 4.2 in. Chemical Mortar; Shell, HE, M3; Fuze,
PD, M4Al. .
0
a.. Numbers in graph refer to number of incre
«w 6 -4 -3
and 89 for example on how to. use the. chart.
3= C/)
C,!)
(f)
:J
a::z -
1.LJ 5 - 5
0 > --
0:: 0
<..:>
~ J:
-3
t-
1.LJ
C£:
>-
en a::
« 4 -4 -2
G: 1.LJ
(f)
1.LJ (!) t
.....I :::>
(!) 0 0
z ..J :c
« t 3- 3 -2
I ciS 17
:r:
(!) I
i 15
:f f- a:: I~ -
0:: 0
«W J:
II
14
16 18 -
t 9 2 - 2 -I
~
~ 12
:::> 7
r:c 10 - -I
0 0 6
W 0 5,+1-1'\ 8
~
a:: 4 6t I -I -
(!) 5f
0 0
.....I
4t -
f 3t
Z .....I
-
~
Z z o 0- o -0
0 0
Y
N THICKNESS OF LOG. WALL PERFORATED FEET
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
tt
0:::
0:
0
:c
5000
RANGE (YARDS) I THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET

f-
W I MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE)
Z
W I THICKNESS QF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
a.. I SOFT WOOD ( PALM)

Page 181
PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT. FIGURE 101

155 mm Mortar, T25; Shell, HE, T26E1; Fuze,
PD, M4Al.
~ Numbers in graph refer to· number of incre
0 -4 -2
a.. and 89 for example on how to use the chart.
«
w
~ en -
(.!)
(f) z
5 - 5 -
:::> a=
IJJ
0 >
cr: 0
() - -3
~ :c 3
> ....
a= 4 -4 -2
IJJ
a= CO «
[i: IJJ
(f)
IJJ (9 ....::::> -
-I
(,!) 0 0
z .-J:c
«
I dS ....
:c
(,!) I
3:
:E I a= 2 -
0::: 0
« :c -
W .... 2 -2 -I
~
~
:::> ~ - -I
0 0
W 0
a=
~
(!) I -I -
0 0
-I
I
~ -I
-
~
Z z
0 0
N 0-0-0-0
a:
~ 0:c ~ THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
o 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
I
0::: HARD WOOD (OAK, EBONY. MAHOGANY)
I-
W RANGE (YARDS) ""---_-"II THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
Z I MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE)
W
a.. '--_ _~I THiCKNESS QF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
I SOFT WOOD (PALM)
L-'-------PENETRATION INTO EARTH (FEET)

rage 182
(/)
z
0 PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT. FIGURE 102
0..
«w
155 mm Gun~ Ml; Shel1~ HE~ MI0l; 4.5 in.
~ (f) Gun~ Ml; Shel1~ HE~ M65; Fuze~ PD~ M51 or
C,!)
z Mod. or Fuze~ CP~ M78 (TI05) (0.025 sec
(/) Delay).
4.5"N.
::::> 0::
W (The use of the M78 Fuze is not mandatory.)
0 >
0:: 0 The letters in the graph refer to the propellent
0 charge~ N for Normal Charge and S for Super-·
§£ :c .I55MM N charge. See Figures 87 ~ 88 and 89 for example
>- ~ on how to use the chart.
W 0::
0:: CD «
u:: w
(/)
w <9 ~
...J :::>
(!) 0 0
z --I :c
« ~
I dS
:c
(!) I
3:
:f I- 0::
0:: 0
«
W
:c
2
~
~
3:
::::> ~
0 0
W 0
0::
~ 000
0
(!)
0 I 1- ~ THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATEO FEET
I ...J 0
~ HARD WOOD (OAK,EBONY, MAHOGANY)
Z ...J
j5 THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
Z z MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE)
0 0
N
ti
0::
0:
0
:c L------'-----1
THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
SOFT WOOD (PALM)
I
W
Z L- PER,F0RATION INTO EARTH (FEET)
W
0..
Page 183
(f)
z
0
0..
«
w . PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT.
FIGURE 103 !
3= en
(.!)
. 155 mm Howitzer, M1; Shell, HE, M107; Fuze,
PD, M51 or Mod. or Fuze, CP,M78 (T.l05)
if) z (0.025 sec Delay).' .
::::> a:: ANY FUZE
LtJ (The, use of the ,M78 Fuze is not mandatory.)
0 > The numbers in the graph refer to the zone
0:: 0
(,) numbers in the propellent charge. See Figures
~ J: 87, 88 and 89 for examples on how to use the
chart.
w >CD ....<ta:: 7
a:: w
6
i:i:
if) 5
l.LJ
....J
(!) ....
:::J
(!) 0 0
z· -l
<t
I dS ....J: 2
3
J: i
(!) I
:E I a::
0:: 0
«
W
J:
I-
2
~
i
::J ~
0 0
W 0 o 0 o·
~
a::
• r,
L '[ THICKNESS
(!)
OF LOG WALL P,E, RFORAT.ED FEET
0 0 0 I"
HARD WOOD (OAK,EBONY, MAHOGANY)

I ....J
Z ....J THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
~ MEDIUM HARD WOOD (PINE, SPRUCE)
Z Z
0 0
N THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
~ 0::
0
SOFT WOOD (PALM)
a::: J:
I ' - - - - - - - PERFORATION INTO EARTH (FEET)
W
Z
W
0..
Page 184
(j)
z
0
a..
«w ,. PREPARED B'y ORDNANCE DEPT. FIGURE 104
~ Cf) 8 in. Howitzer, Ml; Shell, HE, MI06;Fuze,

(!) PD, M51 or Mod. or Fuze, CP, M78 (TI05)
(f) z (0.025 sec Delay).
::::J 0::
IJJ (The use of the M78 Fuze is not mandatory.) /
0 > The numbers in the graph refer to the zone
0::: 0
(,) 6
7
numbers in the propellent charges. S~e Figures
~
5 87, 88 and 89, for .examples on how to use
2 3
:c 4 the chart.
I
lJJ >
CD
0::
« 10 5
0::
i:i: IJJ
(f)
w <.9 I
....J ::::> 8
(.!) 0 0
z ..J
«
I dS ~
:c ~ 6
(.!) J:
I I 0::
0::: 0
4 2
«
W
:c
I
:E 3: 2
::::J fQ
0 0
W 0 o o 0
0::
~ 1-. ['THICKNESS OF L. O.G .WALL PERFORATED FEET
o ~ HARD WOOD (OAK, EBONY, MAHOGANY)
(.!) I
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
0 0
....J
I RANGE (YARDS)
Z ....J THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
~
z
~ 0
N THICKNESS OF LOG WALL PERFORATED FEET
~ CE SOFT WOOD (PALM)

0
0::: :c
I L- PERFORATION INTO EARTH (FEET)
W
Z
W
a..
Page 185
Volume III Part 13.

ROCKET, DEMOLITION, 7.2 inch T37
1. NuMBER OF EFFECTIVE ROUNDS REQUIRED FOR REASON

ABLE ASSURANCE OF BREACHING VARIOUS TYPES OF
OBSTACLES TO PERMIT PASSAGE OF MEDIUM TANK.
Figures· in the listing which follows are based on tests, or on multiples
of figures obtained from tests, using the T -37 rocket fired from the M17
rocket launcher. The test results pertain to effective rounds; hence the
figures presented herein do not allow for duds or for rounds going beyond
or falling short of the target.
On the average, each effective round displaces approximately %-cubic
yard of concrete. However, the amount displaced by any given round is
observed to vary considerably, the first rounds of anyone series causing
surface damage and cracking but little actual displacement.
Page 18&
BREACHING OF TANK
OBSTACLES .
l'l2.:l
2, 'POST'S AT
. S'INTERVAL
'
FIGURE 105
JAP LOG WALLS

. ht-5 ft.
No. of Roun d 5 -5
Helg I
~r less
~:::>
~~iiii;=:::;- ~
"-.-----~e:_
----...~
Page 187
BREACHING Of-TANK
OBSTACLES
FIGURE-l06
JAP STUMP WAllS

Height-Approx. 4 ft.
No. of Round.-5 or less
~~
~
~~
~
.~
"
SrUMP FACING-TREE ROOTS EXPOSED
Page 188
BREACHING OF TAN
OBSTACLES K
, FIGURE 107
J~PCORAL WALL
Helght-5 ft.
No. of Rounds-5 or l.s5
Page 189
BLOCK STRUCTURES
FIGURE 108
UNMORTARED
BELGIUM BLOCK WALLS
Height-5· ft. '
No. of Rounds-5 or less
Page 190
BLOCK STRUCTURES
FIGURE 109
UNMORTARED
BELGIUM BLOCK WALLS
Height-5 ft.
No. of Rounds-5 or less
Page 191
BLOCK· STRUCTURES
FIGURE 110.
MORTARED GRANITE
BL~CK BEACH WALLS
H
N .e
. l.gPh tot -
10U
ft·'
o. of Round 5-10
-c "
15to
•
Page 192
CONCRETE STRUCTURE
GATES.
STEEL RAIL
1111~gl1~~~:-
~
ELEMENT C
Range-Approx. 100 ft.
No. of Rounds-l 0 to 1 5
Page 193
CONCRETE STRUCTURES
•I 'I, "
,,... )-&
I
I
I
t
I
FIGURE 112
I
UNREINFORCED
CONCRETE
SEAWALLS
Range-Approx. 100 ft.
Height-Up to 6 ft.
Thickness-3%. ft. (average)
No. of Rounds~5 to 10
O.C.STAGG ERED
Page 194
CONCRETE STRUaURES
FIGURE 113
CONCRETE WALLS
liGHTLY REINFORCED
Range-Approx. 100ft.
Height-Up to 8 ft.
Thickness-Up to 6 ft.
No. of Rounds-1 0 to· 1 5
Y2." ~ 6" o.c.

Page 195
CONCRlTl SlRUClUR£S
FIGURE 114
. KiAVilY RUl
RlINFORKCEFD'll~~~ AllS
ORBAC.. . . _
A prox. 100 ft.
Range-P to 6 ft.
Height-Up U to 6 ft.
Thickness- ,P -15 to 20
No. Of Rounds
. t-6 to 8 ft.
Heigh6t08ft.•
Thickness- . -20 to 40
No. 0 f Rounds
8 to 9 ft.
Height- 8 to 9 ft.
Thickness- -40 to 60
No. 0 f Rounds
Y.i'~ STEEL
I
~6"
•
Page 196
FIGURE 115
DRAGON/S TEETH
.AND OTHER BANDS
OF SMALL
REINFORCED CONCRETE
TANK BELLYING
OBSTACLES
No. of Rounds-l 0 to 1 5
~-
Page 191
TABLE 88
JAP LOG OR DRUM TYPE PILLBOXES

Earth and Log Structures
No. of Rounds-5 to 10
TABLE 89
MINE FIELDS AND WIRE

ENTANGLEMENTS
Depth-Not over 40 ft.

No. of Rounds-1 5 to 20
Depth-Not over· 160 ft.


Page.198
I .. ACCURACY.
The projectile may veer off course when acceleration continues heyond
the guide rails of the launcher. For this reason, the dispersion of shots from
a given rail may depend quite markedly on the burning time and hence
on the temperature. The following table illustrates the effect of tempera
ture on dispersion:
Amount of
burning while . Mean lateral
Temperature on rails deviation·
10° F 33% 20 mils

Normal 40% 10 mils
·120° F 60% 7 mils
Under field conditions, ~ lateral standard deviation of at least 9 mils and

an equ'al vertical deviation may be expected. That is; at a range of 100 feet,
. not more than 13 rounds of a launcher-load of 20 rounds may be expected
to fall within a wall target area 10 feet longbs 3 feet wide. Ata range of
200 feet, only 6 out Of 20 rounds may be expected to hit such a target area.
Figure 116 shows the relation of range to the number of rounds, out of a
launcher-load of 20 fired, which may be expected to hit selected wall target
areas.
The effect of wind on these projectiles may be neglected for practical
purposes.
If two projectiles are fired nearly simultaneously, one may be caught
in the blast from the other and suffer a considerable deviation. For this
reason, projectiles should be fired at least 7§. second apart. At close range
no round should be fired until the previous one has detonated, since -the
blast from the detonation of one round may deflect the next round from
its target, or cause"its detonation preIll,aturely.
Page r199
ROCKET, OEM OLITION, ? 2 ", T 37
FIRED FROM THE LAUNCHER, ROCKET, MULTIPLE, 7.2", M 17
NUMBER OF ROUNDS, 'OUT OF THE 20 FIRED FROM THE LAUNCHER,

EXPECTED TO HIT A VERTICAL TARGET 12, FT WIDE BY 4 FT HIGH,
AND ONE 10 FT WIDE BY 3 FT HIGH.
20
en ~.
0
z 15 I'
, 12 'FTx 4FT
:::> "
0 " ~"
I'
TARGET
a: " \.,
\.
LL
0 10 ", f!lI
,,\
a: I\. Ill.
w IOFTx3FT
I':
~
I"'lii
I"lli
CD ~' ""'" 1"'1
:E 5 ~
TARGET i""l
1""''''
I'll
':::> ""', ""'''' 1"'1-.,

z "'" """'100.
..... I'll
iii.
~ 1"'1 ...
1"'0
....
.0 100 200 300 400 500

RANGE IN FE E T
FIGURE 116
NOTES

Terminal Ballistic Data Volume III 2

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Terminal Ballistic Data Volume III 2

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10.0 .

o. 5~ PREPARED BY OR DNANCE DEPT

SHELL DENSITY DREQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

rtttm:f:tt=ttmm:t:tttttt PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT

SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

o 2,000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10;000. '12.000 14,000 16,000 18,00020,000

SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT F

Range Yd PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT ::

~ '0 Damage Type: ~ in. Mild Steel Perforations

PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT -

SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

. Damage Type: % in. Mild Steel Perforations

Howitzer, 75 mm, Ml, M1Al, M2 or M3 :

low Angle Fire

PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT

.-H-++++-t--+++l--l-l-HH-++-H-1 PRE PAR E0 BY ORO NAN CEDE PT :-

PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT Howitzer, 105 mm, M2, M2A1 or M4

Expected Damage Coverage ·50% by Number,

Ra n ge Yd .-1-1r-t-++-11-+-H-1-+ PRE PAR ED BY 0 RDNA N CE DEPT tl:tt1::t:ttt~=t:I

PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT

Damage Type: Vs-in. Mild Steel Perforations

SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

SHELL DENSllY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

+-I-I-I-~~.+-l- Ch 3 -++-H-H-+++r Ch 4 ++++-H-+-H Ch 5 Ch 6

Damage Type Casualties

°o 250 500 ·750 1,000 1,250 \

SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE __ ~III

Damage Type: % in. Mild Steel Perforations

SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

SHELL DENSITYD REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

1!!1!lIIIIIiShielil'i '11mimi'iMi561111111~E~xp~ec~te~d~Da;ma~g1e .~co~ve~ra~ge~50~%~b~Y

250 500 750 1,000

1,250 1,500 1,750

2,500 2,750 3,000 3,250

/:I:l:tt:I::l:tttt::t:I=l SHELL DENSITY D REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

26 Gun, 3in., M3, M5 or M7

Fuze, MT, M43 or Modifications

4 Shielding Equivalent to 10 deg Foxhole

PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT

2 *See Rule A, Introduction.

16 Howitzer, 75 mm, Ml,' M1Al,M2 or M3 '

6 1- ..... Shielding Equivalent to 10 deg Foxhole

*See Rule A, Introduc,tion..

o 1.000 tODD 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

18 SHELL DENSITY DREQUIRED IN AREA FIRE

14 >< Fuze, TSO , M54

2 *See Rule A, Introduction.

W Mean height of burst plus 10 ft PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT

°o 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

. - PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT ,

Fuze, 1SO , M54

PREPARED BY ORDNANCE DEPT

Howitzer, 105 mm, M2, M2Al or M4 Damage Type .Casualties

, W I Mean height of burst plus 10ft.

Volume III' Part 9

Muzzle Range (yd)

Howitzer, 7~mm, 'M1( M1 A 1, M2, M3 Impact 210 680

Howitzer, 155mm, M1 Impact 70 260 790 1,400

Gun, 155mm, M1, M1A1, M2 Impact . 27 92 330 810 1,300 1,700

Howitzer, 240mm, M1 Impact 1,100 1,400

_Shell, HE, M42A1 2,700 Time 270 430

Howitzer, 105mm, M2, M2A1, M4 Impact 6 91

Howitzer, 155mm, M1 Impact 3 23 250 2,300

0.1 0.2 I 0.3:- 0.4 S0.5E :: 0 6