To obtain HCF & LCM

For any two positive integers,

a and b
HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) =a × b
For Example
f (x) = 3x2y
and g (x) = 6xy2
HCF = 3xy
and LCM = 6x2y2
Every composite
number can be
1. Let p be a prime number. expressed as a product
of primes, and this
If p divides a2, then p divides a, factorization is
where a is a positive integer unique, apart from the
order in which the
2. 2, 3 are irrational numbers prime factors occur

Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X

Prime Factorization
Method

Theorems Fundamental
Theorem of Arithmetic

Composite Number
x = p1×p2× p3...×pn,
where p1, p2, ... , pn
are prime numbers

al Numbers
Re

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Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X 3
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For quadratic equation

Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X

ax2+bx+c = 0,
Equations of degree 2, b2 – 4ac is Discriminant (D)
in one variable 1. If D > 0
Two distinct real roots
2. If D = 0
Two equal real roots
3. If D < 0
If No real root (imaginary)

ax2+bx+c = 0,
a, b, c are real numbers
and a ≠ 0

Meaning

Nature of
Roots

Standard Form

For Quadratic Equation

r atic Equa
ax2 + bx + c = 0 ad ti
on
Qu

Constant
Quadratic term
term Linear Expression set s
a≠0 term equal to 0
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 6
Example

Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X

Find point of trisection of Y PQ =
√(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2
line segment AB, A(2, –2) and B(–7, 4) Y
(–,+) (+,+) Q(x2 , y2 )
A P Q B II I
(2, –2) (–7, 4) Quadrant Quadrant P T Example
X’ X
(x1 , y1 ) Are the following points vertices of a
1(–7) + 2(2) 1(4) + 2(–2) III IV
Co-ordinates of P = , Quadrant Quadrant square : (1, 7), (4, 2), (–1, –1), (–4, 4)?
1+2 1+2 A= (1, 7); B = (4, 2); C = (–1, –1); D = (–4, 4)
(–,–) (+,–)
= (–1, 0)
Co-ordinates of Q Y’
O R S
X AB = √(1 – 4)2 + (7 – 2)2 = √34 Unit

√
2(–7) + 1(2) 2(4) + 1(–2)
Q= , BC = (4 + 1) + (2 + 1)2 =
2
√34 Unit
2+1 2+1
= (–4, 2) CD = √(–1 + 4)2 + (–1 –4)2 = √34 Unit
DA = √(1 + 4)2 + (7 – 4)2 = √34 Unit
AC = √(1 + 1)2 + (7 + 1)2 =√68 Unit

Internally (+) Section formula Quadrants

BD = √(4 + 4)2 + (2 – 4)2 =√68 Unit
Externally (–) Since, AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD.
Y
B(x2 , y2 ) Distance All four sides and diagonals are equal
Hence, ABCD is a square
m2 formula
(X Y( P m1x2 ± m2x1
m1 C X= m ± m
1 2
A Q m1y2 ± m2y1
(x1 , y1 ) Y=
m1 ± m2
Y
X
O R S T ordinate
X’ X
abscissa
Y Co-ordinate
Q(x2 , y2 )
Y’
inate Geom axes
R -ord etr
Horizontal = X–axis (Abscissa)

Co
Vertical = Y–axis (Ordinate)
Mid-point of a y
P Line Segment
(x1 , y1 )

X
O
x1 + x 2 y1 + y2 Trace the Mind Map
R ,
2 2 
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Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X 7
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In a fixed plane,

Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X

The locus of a point
p
Only one common
equidistant from a fixed r
P point is called 'circle'. radius
point (A) between
r The fixed point is O centre
circle and line PQ. A
called the centre &
Here, PQ is tangent O
separation of
at point A lying on
Q points is the radius The tangent at any
the circle. O
of the circle. point of a circle is
perpendicular to
the radius through Y X
the point of contact. P Q
OPQ = 90°

Facts Tangent and

tangent point Theorem

Definition

1. There is no tangent P
to a circle passing
through a point lying P
O A
inside the circle.
r

t
Two common

can
points (A and B)

See
between
line PQ and
O
2. There is one and only B
Secant circle.
one tangent to a circle
passing through a point
P
Circles Q
lying on the circle. O

T1
3. There are exactly two
tangents to a circle through P
a point lying outside O
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the circle.
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T2
Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X 9
10 Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X
 Area of Sector
Length of arc
 
Area =
360°
× area of circle r l= × circumference
360°
 
Area = × r2 l
360° Or, l = × 2r
1 360°
Or, Area = ×l×r
2 Formulae

Meaning
Meaning
Portion of
the circular region Segment
Portion of the
enclosed between
circular region enclosed
a chord and the
by two radius and the
corresponding arc

Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X

corresponding arc
Minor Segment

Sector of
a circle

Circle Segment
Formulae
• Circumference =  × diameter = 2r Formula
Area = Area of the corresponding sector –
r Area of the corresponding triangle
• Area = r2 
= × r2 – area of OAB
360°
r2 1 2
= – r sin 
360° 2
lated to
Re Ci Q
s
Area

rcle
s

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Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X
Sum of surface
areas of the
faces of solid

Example
Given: Inner diameter of the
Cylindrical glass = 5 cm
Height = 5 cm
Surface Area

5 cm

5 cm
Combination Find: Actual capacity of cylindrical glass.
of Solids Solution : Apparent capacity
Volume of the glass = p r 2 h
Quantity of
= 3.14 × 2.5 × 2.5 × 5
3-D space enclosed by
= 98.125 cm3
a hollow/closed
solid
u rface Areas 2
Volume of hemisphere = – pr3, if r = 2.5 cm
S d V ol u m 2
3

n e = – × 3.14 × (2.5)3 cm3 = 32.71 cm3

3
a

s
Actual capacity = Apparent capacity
– Volume of hemisphere
= 98.125 – 32.71
= 65.42 cm3

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Oswaal CBSE Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS STANDARD, Class-X 13
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