Concept Assess

Summary

CONCEPT SUMMARY  Theorems About Roots of Polynomial Equations

Words Example

RATIONAL ROOT THEOREM For the polynomial equation ​​2x​​  3​​ + ​​3x​​  2​​ − 10x − 15 = 0
0 = ​a​  n​​​​​x​​  n​​ + ​​a​  n−1​​​​​x​​  n−1​​ + ... + ​​a​  1​​​​​x​​  1​​ + ​a​  0​​​,
p = −15; Factors of p: ±1, ±3, ±5, ±15
there are a limited number of possible
rational roots. q = 2; Factors of q: ±1, ±2

Rational roots must have reduced Possible rational roots:

p
form __ ​​  q ​​ where p is an integer factor of ​​ ±1, ±3, ±5, ±15, ± ​​ __12 ​​, ± ​​ __32 ​​, ± ​​ __52 ​​, ± ​​ __
15
2
  ​​
a​  0​​​ and q is an integer factor of ​​a​  n​​​.
−​​ __32 ​​ is a root of the equation.
Use substitution or synthetic division
to check roots.

FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM If P(x) is a polynomial of degree n ≥ 1, then P(x) = 0 has exactly n solutions in the
OF ALGEBRA set of complex numbers.

CONJUGATE ROOT Irrational Conjugates Complex Conjugates

THEOREMS
Let P be a polynomial function with Let P be a polynomial function with
rational coefficients and let__a and b be real coefficients and let a and b be real
real numbers. Then if __ a+√ ​​  b ​​ is a root numbers. Then if a + bi is a root of
√
of P(x) = 0, then a − ​​  b ​​ is also a root of P(x) = 0, then a – bi is also a root of
P(x) = 0. P(x) = 0.

Do You UNDERSTAND? Do You KNOW HOW?

1. ESSENTIAL QUESTION   How are the List all the possible rational solutions for each
roots of a polynomial equation related equation according to the Rational Roots
to the coefficients and degree of the Theorem. Then find all of the rational roots.
polynomial? 5. 0 = ​​x​​  3​​ + 4​​x​​  2​​ − 9x − 36

2. Error Analysis  Renaldo said that a 6. 0 = ​​x​​  4​​ − 2​​x​​  3​​ − 7​​x​​  2​​ + 8x + 12
polynomial equation with rational
coefficients that has zeros −1 + 2i and 7. 0 = 4​​x​​  3​​ + 8​​x​​  2​​ − x − 2
__
√
3 + ​​  5 ​​ has a degree of 4. Is Renaldo correct?
8. 0 = 9​​x​​  4​​ − 40​​x​​  2​​ + 16
Explain. MP.3
A polynomial equation with rational
3. Use Structure  A fifth degree polynomial
coefficients has the given roots. List two more
P(x) with__ rational coefficients has zeros 2i roots of each equation.
and √​​  7 ​​ . What other zeros does P(x) have? ___ ___
Explain. MP.7 9. 1 + ​​√ 11 ​​ and −3 + √
​​  17 ​​ 

4. Construct Arguments  If one root of a 10. 5 + 12i and −9 − 7i

polynomial equation is 4 + 2i, is it certain ___
11. 12 + 5i and 6 − ​​√ 13 ​​ 
that 4 − 2i is also a root of the equation?
___
Explain. MP.3 12. 5 − 15i and 17 + ​​√ 23 ​​ 

176  TOPIC 3  Polynomial Functions Go Online | savvasrealize.com

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