Manipal International University, Malaysia

LAB REPORT
(Rh Blood Typing with Synthetic Blood ABO)

NAME: VENGGADANAATHAN A/L K. SALVAM

STUDENT ID: 1002223006
PROGRAMME: FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE (FIS)
SCHOOL: SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING (SOEC)
COURSE CODE / TITLE: FSC 3224 Biology 2
INTAKE: OCTOBER 2022
SEMESTER: 3
TYPE OF ASSESSMENT: LAB REPORT
LECTURER: MS SARATHATHEVI THRICHELVAM
Date: 02/08/2023
Rh Blood Typing with Synthetic Blood ABO.
Objective
● Perform standard tests used for blood type identification.
● Understand the importance of blood type identification and its uses.
● Learn about the form and function of blood components.

Introduction
The ability to type blood is an invaluable tool in the fields of medicine and criminology. Using this
kit, students test four simulated blood samples to identify their ABO and Rh blood types. While the
test procedures used in this kit are those used to test real blood, this kit contains synthetic blood and
synthetic antisera. This eliminates any risk associated' with exposure to actual blood or blood
products. The materials in this kit may be discarded after use. There are no biological materials in the
synthetic blood or synthetic antisera that would cause any health hazard when discarded.
Materials/Apparatus

• Blood typing slides

• Synthetic anti-Rh (D) serum
• Synthetic anti-A serum
• Synthetic anti-B serum
• Mixing sticks (blue, yellow, and white)

Method & Methodology (Procedure)

1. The tip of the middle finger scrubbed with an alcohol wipe.

2. Cleaned middle finger punctured using a clean and sterile lancet.
3. Small amount of blood forced out by applying gentle pressure.

Note: Never reuse a lancet and never use anyone else lancet.

4. Blood touched on the circled blood on the cards.

5. Remaining blood on fingertip swapped with alcohol wipe.
6.
7. Touch the blood on circled blood on the cards.
8. Remaining blood on fingertip should be swap with alcohol wipe.
9. A drop of Antiserum A, Antiserum B, Antiserum D was placed in their respective
circles.
10. Different coloured sticks corresponding to the colour of the serum were used to
mix the blood samples and the antiserum.
11. The paper was rocked gently for 1 minute.
12. The paper was laid idle for 5 minutes.
13. Stick discarded into blue plastic and make sure the mixing with stick doesn’t cross
contaminated.
14. Identify your blood type based on coagulation of blood cells of the test.
RESULTS

The third section from left is coagulated.

DISCUSSION

The blood does not react with either anti-A or anti-B antibodies, it means the blood lacks
both A and B antigens, confirming blood type O. Due to the lack of coagulation the result
of the test identified the donor as a member of the blood type O+. The usage of the antiserum
is extremely important in identifying the blood group of the donor.

Questions

1. Given the antigen (s) found on the red blood cells, give the corresponding blood antibody and
the ABO blood type.
 Blood type Red Cell Antigen Antibody in Blood Plasma

A A Anti-B

B B Anti-A

AB AB None

O Neither Anti-A and Anti-B

2. Which blood types are dominant, and which are recessive?

The inheritance of blood types is determined by specific genes and alleles. In the ABO blood group
system, there are three main alleles:

A, B, and O. These alleles determine the four blood types:

A, B, AB, and O. The dominant and recessive relationship between these alleles is as follows:

Co-dominant A and B alleles:

This means that if an individual inherits the A allele from one parent and the B allele from the other,
their blood type will be AB. Both alleles are expressed equally. The O allele is recessive:

The O allele is recessive for the A and B alleles. This means that an individual must inherit two O
alleles (one from each parent) to have blood type O. If an individual has the A or B allele and an O
allele, then that person has blood group O. blood group will be determined by allele A or B (type A
or B respectively).

Summary:

The A and B alleles are dominant.

The O allele is recessive compared to the A and B alleles.

Conclusion

Objective is achieved. In conclusion, blood types can be identified based on the ways it reacts to
specific antiserum. Therefore, blood groups have different qualities such as different antigens that
help make individuals unique. Identification of a person’s blood group is also important as this allows
blood transfusion and blood receiving operations to be done by a doctor for their patients.

Reference
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2267/

• https://www.carolina.com/blood-typing/blood-test-cards/700554.pr