TABLE 2.

4: Summary of communicable diseases

Disease Causative organisms Symptoms Incuba- |Mode of Prevention Treatment
tion transmission
period
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Severe watery 1-5 Food and Disinfection and Management
diarrhea, vomiting, days water proper sanitation of dehydration
leg cramps, thirst by plenty of
fluids and oral
rehydration
solution Preventive
Medlcine
|SARS SARS-CoV Muscle pain, chills, 2-7 Droplet Isolation and |Symptomatic
headache, diarhea, days infection quarantine of treatment with
sore throat, cough, infected person; supportive drug
running nose, diffi prophylactic therapy
culty in breathing and immunisation with
shortness of breath influenzavaccine
Ebola virus Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), Fever, fatigue,sore 2-21 Close contact Isolation and Symptomatic
Sudan virus (SUDV), throat, weakness, days with blood or quarantine of treatment with
Tai Forest virus (TAFV), vomiting, rash, body fluids infected person, supportive drug
Bundibugyo virus stomach pain, avoid contact with therapy
(BDBY) impaired kidney infected person
and liver function,
bleeding or bruising
Contd. 111
 112
TABLE 2.4: Summary of communicable diseases (Contd.)
Disease Causative organisms Symptoms Incuba Mode of |Prevention Treatment
tion transmission
period
Influenza Myxo viruses Fever, headache, 18-72 Droplet |Isolation and Antiviral drugs,
chills, sore throat, hours infection quarantine of particularly Social
cough, weakness infected person; neuraminidase
and severe aches prophylactic inhibitors
immunisation with (Tamiflu and and
influenza vaccine Relenza)
Acute Microbial agents Congestion, running 2-20 Airborne Immunisation with AntibioticsPreventive
and
respiratory including bacteria and nose, fever, difficulty days route, direct MMR rubella antiviral drugs
infections viruses in breathing contact pertussis conjugate
vaccines against
Haemophilus Phamacy
influenzae type b
Malaria Plasmodium vivax Cold stage, hot 10-30 Bite of Anti-mosquito Anti-malarial
P. falciparum; stage, sweating stage days infected measures and drugs (Chloro
P. malariae; and anopheles protection from quine, Quinine,
P. ovale mosquitoes mosquito bites Mefloquine,
Halofantrine,
etc.)
Contd.
 TABLE2.4: Summary of communicable diseases (Contd.)
Disease Causative organisms Symptoms Incuba- Mode of Prevention Treatment
tion transmission
period
|Chikun Chikungunyavirus Chills, anorexia, 2-6 Bite of Aedes Anti-mosquito Symptomatic
|gunya (CHIKV) leucopenia, fatigue, days aegypti measures and treatment with
joint pain. and Aedes protection from supportive drug
albopictus mosquito bites therapy
mosquitoes
Dengue Dengue virus (DEN-1, Severe flu-like 4-5 Bite of Anti-mosquito |SymptomaticPreyentlve
Medlcine
DEN-2, DEN-3 and symptoms days infected measures and treatment with
DEN 4) anopheles protection from fluid replacement
mosquitoes mosquito bites
Lymphatic Wucheria bancrofti and Elephantiasis 6 Culex Anti-mosquito Diethy
filariasis W. malayi months- fatigans and measures and carbamazine
1year Mansonides protection from
mosquitoes mosquito bites
bite
Persistent cough 1-4 Droplet Isolation of NSAID,
Pneumonia StreptococcuS pneu
moniae (bacteria), Haemo-with mucus, sore weeks infection infected person, Amoxicillin
philus influenzae type b throat, body ache, avoid contact with
(Hib)(bacteria), respiratory infected person
syncytial virus, Pneumo
113
cystis jiroveci