t‹C;» ]] á^q ¨]†Ú] wz**

ÒZgËZ e

Š !*
W¡ÔòzV§eYÔzŠg Q%ÔWz6,
kZ

ðiŠ-s ®Z·ËZ e


Ù ÔzŠg Q%ÔWz6,
{ùâ Ô ;gE-{g ZD kZ

t‹C;» ]] á^q ¨]†Ú] wz**

Abstract:
“Umrao Jan Ada” is an Urdu novel written by Mirza Hadi Ruswa
and first published in 1899. Mirza Ruswa is the first writer of
psychic novel in Urdu literature. By discussing psychological
factors he has given new dimensions to Urdu literature. His
characters in novel “Umrao Jan Ada” suffer from psychological
problems and they are the best example of their kind. The way he
created the psychic character of prostitute has made him the first
psychic critic in Urdu literature.
Keywords:
Umrao-Jan-Ada Hadi Ruswa Psychological Novel prostitute

ÅïZúeú Æ ÂC Ù á Zzå3 Ð y!* i ÅyK̈Z XìB‚ » ðZŠ àa » ];gzZ [Š Z

C;]C ,
Ù {Š™k’»g ówz** ~ ~g ówz**Ðg ±Z kZì ðãK̈Z µ{[Š Zèa ì Cƒ ð⠁ Û g»
~• wïZúC;(C ,
Ù Ôk’g ]c*
ƒx¯xàÔ[Š Z ~â YZ)c* ƒ[Š Z ~â YZXì @* ™Ï?ÅV ƒ U
zC;Å,ÅVzg 2sÜ: Â1{^ ,YÐp ÒkZ »Vzg0* # äVzŠ ÕC;X Ô÷ïŠ ð3Š
[Š ZZ
ÝZswq -Zq -Z»k
,’ā Zƒx¥ÂŠ HH·_»Vzg0* ŽZ B-²]ZW,
# Ðá Z ðG ZÆyZÉ ˆÅ ô=é}
C3Š W, Z CZVJ ¤ C;~J -wz**gzZ: YZ™áд^q -ZÆwçì ,@* ÆUeË: Ë~
kO Wz »wz** X ÷ VZzŠ VZzgU elyZgzZx lZ C;g Ñ" ~ VŒz Åwz** X ÷ Cƒ kC
Ð8EE 58E
Xì;gƒ,@* ÆgÅÑgzZgÅ^ö»kZ}Âì ;g™©qZÌ»mö B‚Æ]c* O
5 gz¢öÐOE }
zŠg Z)g fÆ ];gzZ ä VrZāVY ÷ g ówz** C;¬ Æ zŠg Z ZÎg ~Š ; ·Zi%
C;gzZ “½ZŠ g ZŠ™ÆZŠ Z yY ƒ Z%Z wz** W,Zk
,iÆ ] ;Dāì zz ¸K «bzZi 6 Ã[Š Z

47
 t‹C;» ]] á^q ¨]†Ú] wz**

,
Ék¦Å]Ñ çðƒ‚ Fq
-Z)g fÆ ]] á^³q ¨]†³Ú]äZÎgÝZgŠX ÷D™Ï?+4ÅVåZ
Æ`Zî]à{zðƒÝqÃ]] á^³³q ¨]†³³³Ú] ]àŽ1‘ wz** g Ñ" äZÎg ~Š ;·Zi%p¤ /ZX Å
+Z C;gzZ ã K̈ZTg ZŠ™ »`Zîq
Xì Hð~ i Z0 -Z äZÎgX mï:Ãwz** gzZ ˉ ‘6,qçñ
:÷D™k , á ËZ eXì c*
’~ßzŠg[g ÷ Û Š ÕC;ª»zŠg ZÃZÎgäkZ
Šg Z Œ
~ Ýzg ÅlZ D6,gî{°‡!* ä VrZāì ÝqqzZt ~ [Š ZzŠg ZÃ ZÎg L L
( 1) ó Xó ì YY¹Š ÕC;ª6,gîOÃyZakZÅÒÃÅKÃ[Š Z
»]!*kZäZÎg·Zi%Xì@*
YuÆZÎg˜ Z »ÒëÅKgzZp p6,
._ÆgÅC;Ã[ŠZ
ãK̈Z)gfÆgÅÑgzZgÅä ZÎg Zi%Xì ~gz¢¹ 'Y » lZDaÆKÃ[ŠZāì HÌgÖZ
:÷D™k ,’xg‡zìH7™ ¯# Ö ´Åd$Å ~Ã`ÃÆ`ZîäZÎgZi%XH¤
/YZÃ];
+
ñŠ ‚ñ¦Æ Ï0 Š $t ÃVß Zz™û%«™É ZŠ Z yY ƒ Z%Z ä ZÎg L L
iā c*
 ( Ô]ÑçÔd
gzZ t ÜZ ÔuÔ„ $úÆ ]Z@xëZ)C
Ù „ gzZ à©
( 2) ó Xó ÷DƒV©z{æ7ë›Æõg @*
]‡zZ‰
Ð R6f ÅyK̈Zx ¬Žā÷ G yÒ ë›, Z~ wz** kZ ä VrZāì w¾ »®ÆZÎg
êŠ à6,`ÃÆ ß{Æ™ Z¨Z lç$ +ò ** gzÑŠ & Xì y÷Zg ZŠ™ ~œ/
% » wz**pg 7“ _
Xn
uÃgzZf ÔHŠÐ ƒ  »wz** ZŠ ZyY ƒ Z%ZXì îŠ wJ e~\zgÆ ZŠ ZyY ƒ Z%ZÃy÷Zß{Xì
@*™Ï?Ū C;Zg ZŠ™C Ù ā H7~ i Z0 +Z kZÃVg ZŠ™x Ó~ wz**
ä ZÎg Zi%Xì g ZŠ™
$
Ù â ~ ¶Š d
X ÷C Û ÃVzuzŠ™ƒg6Ð ]Š ¬ KZŽ X ÷ Ìg ZŠ™‰+Z1 gzZß{ ~ wz** Xì
b)C;gzZì ÌëZg ZŠ™ » ZŠ ZyY ƒ Z%Z~ƒkZ ÅVzg ZŠ™X ÷ŠŽñÌÔ¬x » ** ‰Zi%CÙÍ
:÷D™k ,’×Z@xÝËZ e0Æ ª C;Å ZŠ ZyYƒ Z%ZXì ÌZƒ{Z~
+
t » ]¡Å]gúèYXì Sg {0 -Zå g0
i ]gúpÑq +ZÆ ~Š Zi `ZîL L
ÆkZ c~½Ðg \ gzZì C™kCÌD„g0 +ZÆ~g Z-Šge {zāìā{
( 3) ó Xó ì CƒÌyj ¯ ) !*
a
ZŠ ZyY ƒ Z%ZXì @*YW~zq6,]!*.xÓvŠÆ]gú**
_ ™kCDgzZ/_.»›Ð ~gZ-Šge
C;»,Å ZŠ ZyYƒ Z%ZX C0* 07`Zî[x»Ï0 +i ~g‚1ì g™ ÂMõÐwjâÆ`Ã
Y Y
ëZ Å];ï 4h±3,
GG Xì ( Narcissim) ï 4h±3,{zì @*
GG Wt ‚K C;~Š ãCŽ ñƒ f
e {^
,Y
Y
:ìˆÅV-~¹m=p°ÅïGG 4h±3, ìCƒwEZ~VsÆ~IŠpc* ]Zf¿ZŽìb˜Z
(4)óXó ì@*
ƒwEZaÆ¿Z•Z"Ð]ZfKZÂt~b ˜ZÅe¹
Y LL
±
™Ï? Å]¡Å]gú{zXì Zƒ ye b§T~ ‘‚ ög 3,
ZÎg ~Š ; Zi%Xì @* g ZŠ™ » ZŠ Z yY ƒ Z%Z
Xì H7b§kZÐy !*
iƃ Z%Zg ÖZ »kZä

48
 t‹C;» ]] á^q ¨]†Ú] wz**

= ðÃ~ VY±Æ±à§āVY ¶=4Ð 4gzZ ¶C3 YZÐ iZ L L

( 5) ó Xó å@*
W:Ã4ÐLZ
Y
ÔŸm» ~IŠpkZXì CƒwEZ~ VsÆ~IŠp c* ] Z f ¿ZŽì ~g FC;q-Z ï 4h±3,
GG
VCŽ ë ¹!*Êp~wŠÆűË~ ~/ÁâZÐg ±ZÆ/Xì Ð ] ÝhZzÐ kZgzZ,
Å ~ F,
',kˆ ZgzZ .
Þ »Ô] Z f ¿Z ÏZX Ì~¡gzZ ÷ ÌC;** ƒ Za ] !*
.ÆKF,
_ ',gzZ4Ð
:ì C™Ð|Æ^™−KZ: i Zñ»|Š ZiÕYLZ ZŠ ZyYƒ Z%ZV ˜āwVgzZq -Z
Ñ é¹…Â{zì hZÐAzŠÆ(åx ** -Z)^™]gßÅ AzŠ}÷{ZzL L
»Å±ÅŠq
AzŠ}÷Xì Sh ZŠ Ï~(,H6,ìÆAzŠÆ^™Xì ZgÍ ZgÍ AzŠ Z÷Xì Ñ»
+!*
ði%āgÙâ Xì Lgñ0 -Z AzŠ »^™Ôì7̆ñÌZ Å
CðŠ φq
Ô)ā0* »yM†Š »Å!X å c*?ZÐ JV¾izgÆÏAzŠ Z÷Xì Lgê
(6)óXó ì@*
QVƒ 0*
·ñƒñ0 +!* 5E
éH (q
4£F-Z~uAzŠ»^™Ô@*
Ž BÔ8IÅ’r
» ~ F,
',B‚B‚Æ:i Zñ~ y Zāì @* ™Ï? ! l Å ];Å VY±k½Z Ñ!* zgq
gzZ:i Zñ »b 9zg Ô ,Ôg !* yÔ k]™á Ð Vzq ÅwEZ x ¬ Xì @* ƒ ú¯ ) !* Ìkˆ Z
X*
@Y@*7m,
', /ÌÐ äi ZñÆ]§q
¤ -Ñ6, gîm{
ì c* CÃ ( Complexoedipus) : ~ ezZ ~ Vzk
Û ïq » ÌZ ~Š ã
ŠgZŒ ,’KZ ä [ +Z
Û
:Š Z%Ð :~ ezZ
"Oedipus complex, is a term used by sigmund Freud in

his theory of psychosexual stages of development to

describe a child's feelings of desire for his or her

opposite sex parent and Jealousy and anger toward his

or her same sex parent."(7)

/
÷ C¯ œ%»zÂÃ\!*
VH±X ÷Dƒd$Œ Û {Š c*
iƳ #½a ._ÆbÃ:~ ezZ
,
:÷C™k’~h +i {]
.‚Wz6,
0Æb ˜Z C;kZXÃVâƱgzZ
gzZ ÕZzgzZ ›Ð Vâ ÅVñÝZgŠ b ˜Z Å™: ~ ezZ ä [
\!* +Z
Û LL
Vâ gzZ›z ÕZzÐ \!* ÅVY±gzZì ÅwEZ nÆ]zZ°gzZ .#Ð
( 8) ó óXì c*
Šx **
» ComplexElectra×gz]zZ°Ð
+
:ì CCñƒD ‹y*ZŠ ÅÏ0iKZÃZÎg {zì Hg ÖZ »] !*
.„Ð Z ÌäZŠ ZyYƒ Z%Z
_
Zg f Zg f Vâ ZX ðZg7~rÅwYLä!*
Z¸T e {Š c*
iÐVâ Z=!*
Z—"L L

49
 t‹C;» ]] á^q ¨]†Ú] wz**

( 9) ó Xó ‰Se {Š c*
ià ˜LgVâ Z‰ßg â 6,
]!*
Ï
ÆdW LZ ÌVâ + $Y ~uzŠ1ì B .Æ ]zZ°nÆ Vâ gzZ ÕZzÐ \ !*
bg ] !*
_ ZŠ Z yY ƒ Z%Z
ÐÏ0 +i Å ZŠ Z yY ƒ Z%ZÐzz kZì îŠ ð3Š ïq Å]!* .Š „~ wz**
_ ZŠ Z y Y ƒ Z%ZXì d $Œ Û
Ì`Zî[ x» {zs§q -Z÷C™ÒÃÅrs§KZФ³ #zŠÐ Zì CWÃg ezŠÐ “
]gß+Z~ ] ;DXì æ¯ ) !*
ÌÏ0 +i ÅV ÂgúwynÆ kZ s§~uzŠ1ì Se à C
@*
ƒ6,x™z 3gÆ]!* .Š „Æb§zŠ ðÃ~ TXì *
_ @Y c*
Š x **
» ( Ambivalence) š M_ .Ãwq
:._ÆPlotnikì
"In psychology, ambivalence is definded as the mental
disharmony or disconnect a person may feel when
having both positive and negative feelings regarding the
same individual."(10)
å: {zX „ggD»ªŠ „{zJ -yWÐqzÑn kZ¶: `Zî›Za ¶Å±ãZ0 +{{zèa
áZz eÆ V—ZîxÓāì C™Ìg ÖZ »éZpkZ{z6, ]⣉X ]gúwy: m0`Zî6, gî
ZÎg1XìqéZpÌÅäg Z¦ /Ï0
+ i]³!* $*
™ƒT @/Â{zs§~uzŠ1÷e=gzZBŠ=sÜ
6,VÂgúwy ƒ Z%ZX ÷ D™ÒÃÅäŒÐZgzZ ÷ D™{Ç WÐ wÝZÐZ b§Å];C Ùâ
mÐ yZ0 +{pÑÉ ¶: `Zîm¡ ZŠ ZyY ƒ Z%ZÝZgŠXì ŠHÃV-Š Zi`ZîgzZì C™—g
Û Vc*
Xì t ú~Ï0 + ig£Æ~Š Zi`Zîgz&gzZ]gúwyā¶ZzÐ|kZ{zX ¶B bg
J
4hI$ ú Exhibitionism U C;gzZ q
$Y Ń
+  {z Xì ïGG -Z ~g ZŠ™Æ ZŠ Z yY ƒ Z%Z
ÌÃVzg ¤ÆVzuzŠ {z´ÆVß Zz e LZB‚B‚ÆkZXìqé ZpÅäYì Zu™ŠpÐ
J
:÷C™ b§kZs # ŸzÅ ïGG 4hI$ ú~h
+i{]
.‚Wz6, Xì Se9 Š"~] Z f KZ
kZÆðúŠpXì @* /
ƒ lp™ ¯ œ% »VzÃÅVzuzŠÃŠpyK̈Z Æ ï4hIJ$ úL L
GG
Ú ŠÐ wÅÚ!* nzcÊpªì ]¯àdZ {zì Q]¯ŽÐZ~¿
( 11) ó Xó ì @* +
Ð Z {§»VÂgúÐZ~Ï0
YŒi q ix ¬Ô]¯Å
.Æ ï
V1_ GG4hIJ$ úð**
Æäƒ]gúZŠ Z y Y ƒ Z%Zāì @*$U*
ƒ" Ð ] Ók ðZ’ZÆwz**
Å] ;Å]gúÐ kZì C™y Ò™wÅwq »wŠ LZt ‚ÆZÎg b§T{zì [¦t ‚Æ
:ì CƒÏ?+4
/Z Ôìt Âs Xì 7•Z¼ ÅkZì @*
ëÃíp¤ ƒ—gŽÐ ]gúÃ]gúL L
 gzZ ÷e=á Zz eƃ
D%ƃ  ā å Le wŠ Z÷Xì CWxÑñƒ
( 12) ó Xó ,ŠyY6,Ë: BŠ™ VZçWs§ÅË:Ô,%6, „í

50
 t‹C;» ]] á^q ¨]†Ú] wz**

ŶŠ ÌZÃ] Z f KZ]gßC

Ù ]gúāì y ‚ W'Ã] ;Å]gú)g fÆk½Z {gÃè
Û Z ¹!*
X)g fÆŠ Z c*
AÐ ¿zy!*
iKZÐZÌZ {zì eXì Cƒqé Zp
`Zî{zì C™Ï?åÅ`Zî~©ß{Xì ïq »ÌZ¹g ZŠ™ »ß{~ZŠ ZyYƒ Z%Z
Xì YY Hbâ s§KZÃVālÓÆ™wEZÃXì Zz b§hZÐ V1wx ÓyZÆV- Š Zi
ì·ù »w) gzZ w°{z ÷ IŠÐ kZ Ì[ ZâÔH ÇÔ Vc* Ö Ó6,ä{g ó{z
Š Zi `ZîXì C™#
:÷C™ b§kZÏ?Å,Åß{s¥Âi !*
ÄŠ » Ë1ì Zz ÂÐ ÝZ {Š6,gŠÆ]uZzX X XX X ·Åy!* iXX X X ß{L L
( 13) ó Xó ì C¯“
%CZgzZ CVZ {Z Ë ™7kCŠgŠ
+ÃÉ $
U V c* ú » ,Å ß{Xì êŠ ð3Š áZg s§Å 46,Š ¢ ~ wz** }g7 g ZŠ™ » ß{
7ZgzZì C™g66,ä™wEZ"w„, Z ÌÃVY±5{zì ** ™wEZaÆŠ ¢ LZÃVzuzŠ
ðZ™# Ö }.Ð y Z~ ~g FX ÷Z +Z ¯g Ñ"ÆkZX Og™ ¯ CZòi ÑÊ%q -Z Ë~ Ï0 + iāì C2
gzZ aÎkZ Åß{X ÷ Tgg » nÆe $×(C Ù X ÷ D !*
Š Vƒ 0*
½]ZgX ÷ D Ñx ZŠÎì CY
~ ~ä 'Ð › M Åg ZŠ™Æ ß{X ÷ ë ( Schomophilia) ~i !* Ã~ ] ;ÿ
äW~Ï0 + iäkZXì ë Z¹~wz** g ZŠ™ »ß{Xì HyÒÐ Cgzpà r z Û gzZÌZÅV—Zî
X 7i WÅppg쇸gB‚ÆËÆÈgzZŠ ¢%ß{n¾X H ¸Ð ZgzZ c* +ÃЊ%C
VZ {Z Ù á Zz
{ z Xì * $U*
*™" F,
',Ã"ŠgzZ] Z f KZgzZ²ÃV-™g5]gßC -Z »,Åß{
Ù UgzZq
`Zî/ÁðÃX Q7ÌÐ} & + ðe wVÅV < ¬}÷ā¶îŠ Z™gz!* ÃV- ™gÅk',{g VZ {,
:¶9Ðõ¹ß{X åêŠ Z™lñ{à  [ ZŽ »ß{1}™: VYc„X
-ZXÙWÆyZ,zVc*
q +
&gÜ÷Ån¾ÏÅäâikZx¥7!-™g ƒ YL L
-Z(ñƒD™{g÷
~ãZŽ÷ÆòŠWŠ%¸q # ™Zi%)dŠå:âiZgø
á Zs§År
á äV7!*
ä~XñWä3Š=XZhŽ »Ýâ\WXðZI~Š÷ VâðƒðÙWÐí
ÃkZXÏVzŠ äY: Â~ā ˆÖ™ñB; Š™}i6,}i6,Æ}hŽÆLâ
 ÔÌZgv(ZðÃ켉 7y ÂJ
(14)óXó 1quäƒ -`WZg*:âi»k',
:e
{zā å7xŠ Ú Z~ yZ GX H7hv»"ŠgzZqc* g Ž/t ‚ÆV-™g5äß{
Æwz** Ð ~g óg ZŠ™ C;Å ZŠ ZyYƒ Z%ZäZÎgX V ¹ÃVY±5{zåÝqÃß{/ŠŽ ‰g h »kZ
$Ch ÂxŠ Å ~Ôì {Ñ ç{Šgp“ » ~Ì©:» ]] á^³q ¨]†³Ú]X Å «Ñz~—î
d
ãK̈Z )g fÆ Vzg ZŠ™Æ wz** Xì B
bg {0+i Ã]gúpÑÅg0 +Z Ì™0 `Zî ZŠ Z y Y ƒ Z%Z Xì
Å]gúyY ƒ Z%ZgzZì CWt ‚~ \zgÆ ]gú„  6,Š ¢ß{X Š
HHyÒ Ã ƒ J m
g @*
ZÆ ];
Xì V; ZpÅ~g Z-Šg eñƒD™Ï?Å]¡

51
 t‹C;» ]] á^q ¨]†Ú] wz**

l^q äÖ]çu

ÔòŠ » ZzŠg Z÷Š6,

F,
Z :~ )Ô Dl^m†¿Þ æ Ùç‘]E ‚³nϳ߳i 恅] ‚³m‚³q Ô ~ßzŠg[g ÷
á X1
+ZVZ Â‚Ô ( Y 6002
230mÔci
78X77mÔ( Y 1966Ô|òO ZzŠg Z :c Z™ )ÔÔi 1Þ^ŠÊ] 1‰ á^j‰]Ôxg ‡z X2
268mÔ( Y 1975:c Z™ )ÔäÃÖ^_Ú oi^nŠËÞ ^Ò 1Þ^ŠÊ] 恅]Ô×Z@xÝ X3
557mÔ( Y 2001Ôeg ðE 4J& ‚zŠg Z :gƒÑ)ÔkÇÖ ovm†ŽiÔ ð,x™Z·
4hE X4
24Ô ( Y 2008ÔÅXé÷:gƒÑ)Ô]] á^q ¨]†Ú] ÔZÎg~Š ;·Zi% X5
46mÔ sZ X6
7. http&&:www.verywellmind.com
Û ñZ',
zŠg Q ¼ z +i{]
±Ãò ¸:‹Š5)Ô ‡çÚ… æ …]†‰] 1Ò kn’í o³Þ^³ŠÞ] Ô~h .‚ X8
354mÔ( Y 1999Ôy !*
i
17mÔÔ]] á^q ¨]†Ú] X9
10. Plotnik. R. (1989), Introduction to Psychology, (2nd Ed),
Newbery Award Records (Inc)
+i{]
289mÔ‡çÚ… æ …]†‰] 1Ò kn’í oÞ^ŠÞ] Ô~h .‚ X 11
58mÔ ]] á^q¨]†Ú] X 12
ò ¸{gÇ:Š !*
WxsZ )Ô l¡n%Ûi oÒ oÞ^ŠÞ] l†_Ê Ù]æ‡ 6³nÚ Ùæ^³Þ 恅] Ôs¥Âi!* X 13
50mÔ( Y 2014ÔyÎ 0*
y !*
i
X 60X 51mÔ]] á^q ¨]†Ú] X 14


52