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CLASS - 7th SCIENCE , CHAPTER 8 ( REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS )

Reproduction - The production of new individuals from their parents is known as reproduction

Question – What are the vegetative and reproductive parts of a flower ?

Answer - Most plants have roots, stems and leaves. These are called the vegetative parts of a plan & Flowers perform the function of
reproduction in plants so flowers are the reproductive parts.

Question – What is vegetative reproduction ?

Answer - It is a type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves and buds. Since reproduction is
through the vegetative parts of the plant, it is known as vegetative propagation.

Question – What is budding ?

Answer - Budding is an asexual reproduction method in which a new organism develops from a bud of an existing organism .Example –
Hydra & Yeast.

Question – What is fragmentation ?

Answer - Fragmentation is a method of asexual reproduction, where the body of the organism breaks into smaller pieces, called fragments
and each segment grows into an adult individual. Examples: Hydra, Spirogyra, etc.

Question – What is spore formation ?

Answer - Spore Formation is an Asexual Reproduction technique. The plants produce hundreds of spores and the spore sac bursts. These
spores are dispersed into the air, where they germinate and create a new plant under favorable conditions. Plants such as moss and ferns
also reproduce by means of spores.

Question – What are the male and female reproductive parts of a flower under sexual reproduction ?
Answer - Stamens are the male reproductive part and pistil is the female reproductive part.
Stamen – It has two parts anther & filament - Anther contains pollen grains which produce male gametes
Pistil - . A pistil consists of stigma, style and ovary. Ovary contains one or more ovules. The female gamete or the egg is formed in an
ovule

Question – What do you understand by pollination ?

Answer - Transfer of pollen grain from the anther to the stigma of the carpel is called pollination.

Question – What do you understand by fertilisation ?

Answer - The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilisation. & after fertilisation the zygote
develop into an embryo.

Question – What is seed dispersal ?

Answer - The process through which plant seeds are transported to new sites, far away from the parent plants, for germination and the
survival of a few seeds into adult plants.Is called seed dispersal.

Question – What do you understand by fission ?

Answer - It is a type of asexual reproduction where the unicellular organism splits to form new organisms. There are two types of fission
which are, - 1) Binary fission 2) Multiple fission
Examples - Unicellular organisms that undergo binary fission are amoeba, paramecium, leishmania, etc. Plasmodium undergoes the
process of multiple fission.

Exercise Questions

1. Fill in the blanks:

Answer - (a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called vegetative propagation.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called unisexual flower.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as Pollination.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as fertilisation.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of wind, water and animals.

2. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.

Answer - Asexual reproduction – 1) It requires only one parent 2) Daughter cells formed are identical to parents and to each other 3)
Special reproductive organs are not required Ex: Yeast, rose, jasmine
Sexual reproduction – 1) Requires a male and female parent 2) Newly formed offsprings show variations in comparison to the parents 3)
Special reproductive organs are required Ex: Insects, animals

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