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This operation, which includes sorting the products according to quality, is indispensable before storage, marketing
or further processing of the products. A clean grain has a higher value than a grain that is contaminated with straw,
chaff, weed seeds, soil, rubbish, and other non-grain materials. Before proceeding to the next phase of post harvesting which
is the rice milling, you must take into consideration the needed information in doing such procedure.
This lesson is designed to familiarize you with the different materials, tools and equipment used in rice milling
activity.
Through this lesson, you will also understand the importance of preparing those tools, materials and equipment ahead of time
as well as the uses of each item.
D. Development (Time Frame: 1 hour and 15 minutes)
Milling is one of the thriving rice related business. Rice milling is the removal of hulls and bran from rice grains to produce
polished or white rice ready for human consumption. The rice bran is a very important ingredient in feed formulation for
animal production. The farmers utilize it as a direct feed to their farm animals. The rice hull is also used as a good substitute
for firewood in cooking.
A rice milling system can either be simple, two-steps, or multi stage-process. In a one-step milling process, husk and bran
removal is done in one pass and milled or white rice is produced directly out of paddy. In a two-step process, removing the
husk and bran is done separately, and brown rice is produced as an intermediate product.nIn multistage milling, rice will
undergo a number of different processing steps.
Rice milling systems can be classified in two categories: (1) village rice mills and (2) commercial mills, depending on
whether the paddy is milled in the village for local consumption or the market.
Traditional milling
Hand pounding of paddy in a mortar with a pestle is the traditional
milling process in remote villages. Pounding the paddy induces upward
and downward forces on grain against grain that removes the husk and
bran layers. The pounding also breaks up fissured grain. The final
cleaning is by winnowing in a woven bamboo tray. The winnowing
process to separate unmilled paddy grain is an art.
The Micro mill is also a single pass single stage mill, which was designed
for local production. All components can be produced by local welding
workshops. However, the milling recovery and head rice recovery is
quite low and it is therefore only suitable for milling paddy for home
consumption in very remote areas where the farmers don’t have access
to a custom rice mill.
Photo source:
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/stories/single-
stage-single-pass-mill.jpg
Photo source:
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/stories/single-
stage-single-pass-mill.jpg
Mobile rice mills
A recent development is mobile rice mills. These typically consist
either of two stages, single pass mills, or alternatively a huller and a
polisher mounted on a self-propelled vehicle. These mobile mills can be
seen in Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines. The mill
comes to the customer, who does not have to transport his paddy to
the mill and the milled rice back.
Photo source:
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/stories/single-
stage-single-pass-mill.jpg
Commercial milling systems mill the paddy in stages, and hence are called multi-stage or multi-pass rice mills. The objective
of commercial rice milling is to reduce mechanical stresses and heat buildup in the grain, thereby minimizing grain breakage
and producing uniformly polished grain. Compared to village-level systems, the commercial milling system is a more
sophisticated system configured to maximize the process of producing well-milled, whole grains.
The rice milling facility comes in various configurations, and the milling components vary in design and performance.
“Configuration” refers to how the components are sequenced. It has three basic stages,
1. the husking stage,
2. the whitening-polishing stage, and
3. the grading, blending, and packaging stage.
In modern rice mills, many adjustments (e.g. rubber roll clearance, separator bed inclination, feed rates) are automated for
maximum efficiency and ease of operation. The whitener-polishers are provided with gauges that sense the current load on
the motor drives which gives an indication of the operating pressure on the grain. This provides a more objective means
of setting milling pressures on the grain.
Learning Task 1.
Instructions: Identify and list down the difference between the two pictures below. Copy and complete the table with
your personal observation as well as the materials/ equipment being used. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Type of Milling
Materials/ Equipment
Personal observation
Learning Task 2
Instructions: Choose the letter of a word inside the box that will make the sentence correct. Write your answer on a sheet
of paper.
Learning Task 3. Match the word in Column A with the description in Column B. Write your answer on the blank
provided before the number.
Column A Column B
1. Rice milling A. It is the removal of hulls and bran from rice grains to produce polished
or white rice ready for human consumption.
2. Single pass rice mill B. It is an adaptation of the "Engleberg" coffee huller from the United States,
modified for milling rice.
3. One step milling process C. The husk and bran removal are done in one pass and milled or white rice
is produced directly out of paddy.
4. Village-type rice mills D. This can be found in rural communities and are used for service milling
paddy of farmers for home consumption.
5. Micro mill E. It is a single pass single stage mill, which was designed for local production.
-http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/postharvest/milling/milling-systems