PAPER 1

Review A Comprehensive Literature Review on Polymer-Modified Asphalt Binder

Mostafiz Emtiaz 1 , Md Nafis Imtiyaz 2 , Mishuk Majumder 3,*, Ipshit Ibne Idris 4 , Roni
Mazumder 5 and Md Mafuzur Rahaman

OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
the research was to investigate and understand the surface and chemical properties of
polymer-modified asphalt binders. The research focused on various techniques such as FTIR
spectroscopy, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM),
Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to
study the morphology, chemical structure, and physical properties of the asphalt binders.
These techniques were used to analyze aspects such as molecular weight distributions,
molecular sieving, morphological details, chemical changes during aging, and quality
control.

MATERIALS USED
The document discusses the use of various materials for modifying asphalt binders, including
biodegradable polymers, polysaccharides, chitosan, and natural fibers like sisal fiber.
Additionally, it mentions the use of reclaimed polymers as asphalt binder modifiers for
sustainable roads. These materials are being explored for their potential in enhancing the
properties of asphalt binders to meet sustainability and eco-friendly objectives

LAB TESTS

The document mentions the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gel
Permeation Chromatography (GPC) as two key laboratory tests in the research. FTIR
spectroscopy is utilized to monitor differences in the chemical structure of asphalt binders,
detect chemical changes during aging, and quantify polymers and their interaction with
asphalt. On the other hand, GPC is used to estimate the molecular weight distributions and
averages, which is beneficial for examining polymer weight distribution in the binder, among
other aspects. Additionally, the document discusses the utilization of these tests by various
researchers to characterize and examine the components of polymer-modified asphalt binders
PRIMARY TEST RESULTS

The primary test results mentioned in the document are from the Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) techniques. FTIR
spectroscopy is used to monitor differences in the chemical structure of asphalt binders,
detect chemical changes during aging, quantify polymers, and analyze the interaction
between polymer and asphalt, among other aspects. On the other hand, GPC is utilized to
estimate molecular weight distributions and averages, providing valuable insights into the
polymers present in the asphalt binders. These results are essential for assessing the chemical
composition and characteristics of polymer-modified asphalt binders.

LIMITATIONS IN RESEARCH\
The limitations in the research are related to the testing procedures employed. For example,
the tube test, though a common method for storage stability testing, has been noted to have
disadvantages. It doesn't accurately represent actual storage conditions and was designed
specifically for polymer-modified binders, potentially limiting its applicability to other types
of modified binders. Moreover, the document suggests that utilizing the tube test should be
accompanied by morphological evaluation and the determination of viscoelastic properties of
the polymer-asphalt combination, indicating the need for additional testing to supplement its
findings. It's important to consider these limitations when drawing conclusions from the
research.
PAPER 2
Critical assessment of new polymer-modified bitumen for porous asphalt mixtures
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
The objective of this research on polymer modified vitamin with high vinyl content was
fabricated for porous asphalt mixtures the bitumin had achieved maximum stability using
storage stability, gelation criteria and physical bitumin tests a dynamic share retro meter was
used to compare the complex modular number of fatigue cycles yield stress and non-
recoverable creep compliance of the experimental vitamin and concluded that the
experimental vitamin with 4.5% polymer content showed higher elastic response and better
fatigue resistance and improved rutting behavior
MATERIALS USED
New experimental bitumen was fabricated using the raw materials −
virgin binder (70/100), high-vinyl content styrene-butadiene copolymer
(Table 1) and Sulphur as a cross linker.
LAB TESTS
The paper describes several laboratory tests conducted to evaluate the performance of a new
experimental bitumen and its application in porous asphalt mixtures. The tests include
conventional physical tests such as penetration, softening, viscosity, storage stability, and
gelation. Additionally, rheological tests such as temperature and frequency sweep test, Linear
Amplitude Sweep (LAS) test, Binder Yield Energy Test (BYET), and Multi Stress Creep and
Recovery Test (MSCRT) were also performed to assess the rheological characteristics and
fatigue properties of the experimental bitumen. These tests were carried out to analyze the
newly developed bitumen and compare it with conventional virgin bitumen and a commercial
polymer-modified bitumen, as well as to investigate the performance of porous asphalt
mixtures.
PRIMARY TEST RESULTS
The primary test results in the study encompass a range of physical and rheological tests
conducted to analyze the newly developed bitumen and assess the laboratory performance of
porous asphalt mixtures. These tests include penetration, softening, viscosity, storage
stability, gelation, temperature and frequency sweep test, Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS)
test, Binder Yield Energy Test (BYET), and Multi Stress Creep and Recovery Test (MSCRT).
Additionally, the study involved the assessment of the aggregate gradation of the porous
asphalt mixtures, air void content, interconnected air void content, and the Cantabro test to
measure the abrasion resistance of the mixtures under dry and wet conditions. Furthermore,
draindown tests were performed to compute the binder drainage of the porous asphalt
mixtures, with a recommended value of less than 0.3%. The statistical analysis was also
crucial to assess the significance of the differences among various samples, with both
parametric and non-parametric tests employed. These tests collectively aimed to evaluate the
performance of the experimental bitumen in comparison to conventional virgin bitumen and a
commercial polymer-modified bitumen, as well as to investigate the performance of porous
asphalt mixtures.
LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH

The research paper does not explicitly outline its limitations. It does, however, suggest a
focus on future investigations related to the effect of aging on the physical, chemical, and
rheological properties of the experimental bitumen, as well as the evaluation of the
performance of porous asphalt mixtures by simulating field aging in the laboratory. These
areas imply a recognition of potential limitations that could arise from factors such as long-
term exposure to environmental conditions and the need to replicate real-world scenarios in
laboratory settings.
PAPER-3
Investigation of Using Polymers to Improve Asphalt Pavement Performance

OBJECTIVES
The objective of the research is to determine the comparable performance of modified
binders of different polymers and to identify the influence of these polymers on the
performance of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). The study aims to investigate the impact of
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), phenol resin, and polystyrene polymer modification on asphalt
pavement performance. It involves a detailed laboratory study using (40-50) grade asphalt
from Dourah refinery and focuses on the influence of polymer modification for improving
pavement performance. This research involves preparing modified asphalt mixtures
specimens with various polymer types to assess their impact on performance, including
tensile strength and resistance to deformation under various traffic loadings.

MATERIAL USED

The materials used in the research include asphalt cement, locally-sourced crushed aggregate
from Al Taji quarry, and different polymers such as phenol resin, polystyrene polymer, and
polyvinyl chloride. These materials were utilized to create modified asphalt mixes and to
conduct laboratory tests such as the indirect tensile strength and retained stability on
compacted Marshall specimens. Additionally, the asphalt mixture was prepared using the
Marshall mix design method as per ASTM standard D1559-89.

Lab tests
The research includes two significant tests to evaluate the performance of polymer-modified
asphalt mixtures. The first test is the Indirect Tensile Strength (I.T.S) test, which measures the
tensile strength and fatigue characteristics of the asphalt mixtures at different temperatures.
The second test is the Retained Marshall Stability test, which assesses the durability of the
polymer-modified asphalt mixtures by determining the ratio of stability of treated specimens
to the stability of untreated specimens. These tests provide valuable insights into the
engineering properties and durability of the modified asphalt mixtures, which are crucial for
assessing their performance in the field.

PRIMARY TEST RESULTS

The research conducted two primary tests to evaluate the performance of polymer-modified
asphalt mixtures. The first test is the Indirect Tensile Strength (I.T.S) test, which assesses the
tensile strength and fatigue characteristics of the asphalt mixtures at different temperatures.
The second test is the Retained Marshall Stability test, which evaluates the durability of the
asphalt polymer modification by comparing the stability of treated specimens to untreated
specimens. The results of these tests indicated that the polymer-modified asphalt mixtures,
particularly when modified with phenol resin, exhibited increased resistance to deformation
under various traffic loadings.

Limitations
The limitations in the research are not explicitly mentioned in the provided excerpts. It would
be beneficial to have additional information to address the specific constraints or potential
challenges encountered during the research process.
PAPER 4
Polymer modified asphalt binder – an approach for enhancing temperature sensitivity
for emergency pavement repair
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the research mentioned in the document excerpts seems to be the assessment
and enhancement of asphalt mixtures' durability and performance. The document discusses
various tests and analyses performed in order to evaluate parameters such as stiffness
modulus, water sensitivity, and crystallite parameters of modified asphalt binders.
Additionally, it explores the influence of warm mix asphalt additives and the effects of
aggregates and modifiers on the performance of asphalt mixtures.
MATERIALS USED
The materials used in the research appear to include polymer-modified asphalt binder
(PMAB) as the main component. Additionally, crushed granite aggregates from Carnsew
Quarry in Mabe, Penryn, UK were utilized in the investigation to manufacture the asphalt
mixtures. The document also mentions the use of DCPD resin catalyzed with Grubbs
catalysts for reinforcing pothole patching materials, as well as bio-oil as a rejuvenator for
aged asphalt binder
LAB TESTS
The document excerpts describe several lab tests conducted as a part of the research. Some of
these tests include the evaluation of asphalt mixtures' permanent deformation using wheel
tracking tests at 45°C and 60°C. Additionally, the document mentions the use of the indirect
tensile stiffness modulus test (ITSM) to assess the stiffness modulus of the asphalt mixtures.
Other tests such as four-point bending fatigue tests were also conducted to evaluate the
performance of asphalt pavements under repeated loading pressure. These tests indicate a
comprehensive approach to assessing the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of
the developed asphalt binder and mixtures

PRIMARY TEST RESULTS

The document mentions various lab tests conducted as part of the research, such as the wheel
track test to evaluate permanent deformation at different temperatures, the indirect tensile
stiffness modulus test (ITSM) to measure stiffness modulus, and the water sensitivity test to
assess any loss of adhesive bond between bitumen and aggregate in the presence of water.
These tests provide valuable insights into the durability and performance of the asphalt
mixtures, which are crucial for assessing their effectiveness in different conditions
LIMITATIONS
Limitations of research
The document doesn't explicitly mention the limitations of the research. However, it does
provide detailed information about the various lab tests conducted, including the water
sensitivity test, four-point bending fatigue test, and creep test, which forms a significant part
of the study.