Communicable Diseases

o Padded tongue depressor  CA: Virus, fungus, bacteria

 Maintain an IV line o Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - Virus
o Should be patent (for medications)  Opportunistic - low body resistance - AIDS
 Monitor clients for signs of arrhythmia o Cryptococcal Meningitis (C. Neoformans) - Fungus
 Prevent client from having spasms  Opportunistic – low body resistance – AIDS
o Exteroceptive stimuli – external  SOI: Excreta of birds
environment o TB Meningitis - Bacterial
 Dim and quiet environment  Common cause of meningitis in the
o Interoceptive stimuli – within patient Philippines
 Stress – limit visitors  Not necessarily secondary to tuberculosis
 Flatus and Coughing – turn to sides o Staphyloccocal
o Proprioceptive stimuli – participation of o Streptococcal
patient and other person  Secondary to respiratory infection
 Touching – gentle handling – inform o Meningococcal Meningitis/ Meningococcemia/
before touching Neisseria Meningititis
 Turning – not done frequently – at  Deadliest type
least once/shift  Affects vascular system  DIC  prone to
 Jarring the bed intravascular bleeding  vascular collapse
 Minimal handling of the patient  death – 10%
o Avoid unnecessary disturbing  Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome – group
of the patient of symptoms - death within 6 to 24 hours
o Organized and cluster nursing  MOT: Direct (droplet)
care  IP: 2 to 10 days
 Protect client from injury  S/sx:
o Never leave the patient o Nasopharynx – URTI – cough, colds
alone o Bloodstream
o Padded side rails  Petechiae – pinpoint red spots on the skin
o Call light is within the reach of o Apply pressure and redness remain –
the client tumbler test (clear glass)
 Prevention: o Extremities first then body
o Immunization  Ecchymosis – blotchy purpuric lesions
 DPT o Area of bleeding – obstruction – may
o 6 wks after birth become necrotic
o 3 doses with 4 wks (1 month) interval  Spotted fever
o 0.5 cc o Meninges
o IM/ Vastus lateralis  Pathognomonic sign: nuchal rigidity – entire
o Fere – antipyretic neck is rigid
o Observe – signs of convulsion for 7 days  + Kernig sign
o Warm compress (immediately) – o Supine and flex knees towards the
vasodilation and better drug absorption abdomen
o Cold compress 20 mins after – o Pain/ difficulty extending the less after
vasoconstriction -  or prevent swelling knee flexion
o If there is swelling already – apply cold o Pain – hamstring – back of the thigh
compress  + Brudzinski sign
o Warm compress 24 to 36 hours after o Flex neck towards the chest
injury sets in o Involuntary drawing up of extremities or
 Tetanus Toxoid hips upon flexion of neck
o 2nd trimester   ICP – obstruction in the subarachnoid
o 2 doses with 1 month interval space - CSF
o 0.5 cc IM/ deltoid – non-dominant hand o Severe headache
o Projectile vomiting – 2 to 3 ft away
1st dose Anytime
o Seizures/ convulsion – inflamed
1 month after 1st
2nd dose meninges – altered pressure in the
dose
cranial cavity
3rd dose 6 months
o Altered vital signs -  Temp,  PR, 
4th dose 1 year RR,  Systolic and normal diastolic,
5th dose 1 year Widened pulse pressure
o Diplopia – choking of optic disk –
o Low risk – booster dose – every 10 yrs double vision
o High risk – booster dose – every 5 yrs o ALOC
 Proper wound care  Dx Exam:
o Thin dressing – air vent o Lumbar puncture – CSF
 Avoid wounds  Color
o Yellowish, turbid, cloudy – bacterial
etiology
o Clear – normal or viral
2. MENINGITIS  Laboratory exam
 Inflammation of the covering of the brain and spinal o Bacterial -  Protein,  WBC,  Sugar
cord

University of Santo Tomas – College of Nursing / JSV