1

Introduction to the TOEFL Reading Section

Test Overview
Test Time: 60 min
Number of Reading Passages: 3-4 passages, 650-800 words in each passage.
Total Number of Questions: 42-56 (1-14 questions following each reading passage)

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Four General Reading Strategies

● Always read the passage title first.

● Read fast and carefully.
● Expect new words in the passage. Don’t panic or get stuck with them. Keep reading and make
a best guess for the word’s meaning. Later, we will see an example in the passage below.
● Take mental note of the main idea of each reading paragraph. This can be found in the first
sentence of each paragraph. If you do this, you will be able to see the overall structure of the
reading passage when you have finished reading it. We will see an example later.

Sample Passage: The following passage refers to the first reading prompt of TPO30 (Topic
Practice Online 30).
 2

Role of Play in Development

(Main Idea)

1. Play is easier to define with examples than with concepts. In any case, in animals it consists of
leaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, and other movements, either along, with
objects, or with other animals. Depending on the species, play may be primarily for social
interaction, exercise, or exploration. One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play
is that it involves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstance--dominance, Consider the
predation, competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play occurs or not depends on the difference
intention of the animals, and the intentions are not always clear from behaviors alone. between the two
(Main Idea) ideas helps you
2. Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous take a logical
systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and guess for new
words.
canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and
Don't worry about the reasons may not be the same for every species that plays. Determining the functions of play
professional words. Those is difficult because the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until
who design the TEOFL the animal's adulthood.
make sure that you can (Main Idea)
understand the
3. Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active,
passage using common
involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in the loss of fuel
English words.
or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young animal.
Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-
getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling.
(Main Idea)
4. The benefits of play must outweigh costs, or play would not have evolved, according to Darwin'
s theory. Some of the potential benefits relate directly to the healthy development of the brain
and nervous system. In one research study, two groups of young rats were raised under different
conditions. One group developed in an "enriched" environment, which allowed the rats to
interact with other rats, play with toys, and receive maze training. The other group lived in an
"impoverished" environment in individual cages in a dimly lit room with little stimulation. At
the end of the experiments, the results showed that the actual weight of the brains of the
impoverished rats was less than that of those raised in the enriched environment (though they
were fed the same diets). Other studies have shown that greater stimulation not only affects the
size of the brain but also increase the number of connections between the nerve cells. Thus,
active play may provide necessary stimulation to the growth of synaptic connections in the
brain, especially the cerebellum, which is responsible for motor functioning and movements.
(Man Idea)
5. Play also stimulates the development of the muscle tissues themselves and may provide the
opportunities to practice those movements needed for survival. Prey species, like young deer or
Be aware of long
goats, for example, typically play by performing sudden flight movements and turns, whereas
sentences, as they predator species, such as cats, practice stalking, pouncing, and biting.
typically contain (Main Idea)
important information6. Play allows a young animal to explore its environment and practice skill in comparative safety
necessary for answering since the surrounding adults generally do not expect the young to deal with threats or predators.
at least one of the reading
Play can also provide practice in social behaviors needed for courtship and mating. Learning
questions.
appropriate social behaviors is especially important for species that live in groups, like young
 3

monkeys that needed to learn to control selfishness and aggression and to understand the give-
and-take involved in social groups. They need to learn how to be dominant and submissive
because each monkey might have to play either role in the future. Most of these things are
learned in the long developmental periods that primates have, during which they engage in
countless play experiences with their peers.
(Main Idea)
7. There is a danger, of course, that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by
others, potentially leading to aggression. A This is especially true when play consists of
practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors. B Thus, many species have evolved clear
signals to delineate playfulness. C Dogs, for example, will wag their tails, get down their front
legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate "what follows is just for play." D

Twelve Types of Questions

Each reading passage comes with 1-14 questions which can be categorized into 12 types.

Type 1: True-or-False
A True-False question asks you to identify the true statement.
Choose from four sentences.

● According to paragraph 5, why might play behavior of prey species be different from those of
Tip: A true statement
predator species?
is one that provides
information which is A. Unlike predator species, prey species use play to prevent inappropriate social behaviors,
congruent with the passage. such as biting.
Note that the question B. Some prey species are physically incapable of certain types of predator movements.
may change some words C. The survival of each species type is linked to particular sets of muscular movements.
to confuse you, such as
D. Predator species have more opportunities to practice play behaviors than prey species
"link" in C.

5. Play also stimulates the development of the muscle tissues themselves and may provide the
opportunities to practice those movements needed for survival. Prey species, like young
deer or goats, for example, typically play by performing sudden flight movements and
turns, whereas predator species, such as cats, practice stalking, pouncing, and biting.

Type 2: Vocabulary
A Vocabulary question asks you to choose a general synonym.
Choose from four words or phrases.

● The word “considerable” in paragraph 3 is closest in the meaning to

 4

A. Initial
B. Practical
C. Eventually
D. Significant

3. Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active,
involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in the loss of
fuel or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young
animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is
attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or
falling.

● The word “potentially” in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to

A. undoubtedly
B. possibly
C. unfortunately
D. quickly

7. There is a danger, of course, that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by
others, potentially leading to aggression. This is especially true when play consists of
practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors. Thus, many species have evolved clear
signals to delineate playfulness. Dogs, for example, will wag their tails, get down their
front legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate "what follows is just for play."

Type 3: Inference
An Inference question asks you to draw a conclusion based on information in the passage.
Choose from four possibilities.

● What can be inferred from paragraph 6 about the role of adults in play activities of the young?
Tip: "Inference" is the
A. Adults help their young learn to become dominant within the social group.
thinking skill to take a
best logical guess of
B. Young animals learn how to play from the adults within their social group.
something based on the C. Adults allow the young to engage in play behaviors within a protected, safe environment.
information you already D. The long developmental period of some animals allows adults more time to teach their
know. What information young how to deal with the threats of predators.
about the role of adults in play
is given in paragraph 6?
 5

6. Play allows a young animal to explore its environment and practice skill in comparative
safety since the surrounding adults generally do not expect the young to deal with threats
or predators. Play can also provide practice in social behaviors needed for courtship and
mating. Learning appropriate social behaviors is especially important for species that live
in groups, like young monkeys that needed to learn to control selfishness and aggression
and to understand the give-and-take involved in social groups. They need to learn how to
be dominant and submissive because each monkey might have to play either role in the
future. Most of these things are learned in the long developmental periods that primates
have, during which they engage in countless play experiences with their peers.

Type 4: Purpose
A Purpose question asks you to understand why the author organizes a passage or explains
a concept in a specific way.
Choose from four reasons.

● Why does the author include the comment “though they were fed the same diets”?

A. To show why rats living in impoverished environments need less food than those living in
enriched environments
B. To eliminate the possibility that differences in diet were responsibly for observed
Tip: To identify the purpose
differences in brain weight
of something is to make C. To emphasize the point that rats were fed only the amount of food needed to keep them
sense of the logical alive
connection of "why" D. To suggest that rats fed the same diet have smaller brains than those fed a varied food
between two pieces of
information. What
is the logical connection
4. The benefits of play must outweigh costs, or play would not have evolved, according to
between "weight" and
"diets"?
Darwin' s theory. Some of the potential benefits relate directly to the healthy development
of the brain and nervous system. In one research study, two groups of young rats were
raised under different conditions. One group developed in an "enriched" environment,
which allowed the rats to interact with other rats, play with toys, and receive maze training.
The other group lived in an "impoverished" environment in individual cages in a dimly lit
room with little stimulation. At the end of the experiments, the results showed that the
actual weight of the brains of the impoverished rats was less than that of those raised in the
enriched environment (though they were fed the same diets). Other studies have shown
that greater stimulation not only affects the size of the brain but also increase the number
of connections between the nerve cells. Thus, active play may provide necessary
stimulation to the growth of synaptic connections in the brain, especially the cerebellum,
which is responsible for motor functioning and movements.

Type 5: Paraphrase
Tip: To paraphrase A Paraphrase question asks you to choose the best restatement.
is to say the same
Choose from four statements.
thing using different
words.
 6

● Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out
essential information.

6. Play allows a young animal to explore its environment and practice skill in comparative
safety since the surrounding adults generally do not expect the young to deal with threats
or predators. Play can also provide practice in social behaviors needed for courtship and
mating. Learning appropriate social behaviors is especially important for species that
live in groups, like young monkeys that needed to learn to control selfishness and
aggression and to understand the give-and-take involved in social groups. They need
to learn how to be dominant and submissive because each monkey might have to play
either role in the future. Most of these things are learned in the long developmental periods
that primates have, during which they engage in countless play experiences with their
peers.

Tip: Do not choose a

A. Only monkeys that have learned to control their selfish and aggressive behaviors can be
statement that is not involved in social groups.
said in the passage. B. Selfish and aggressive animals like monkeys live in groups in order to practice appropriate
social behaviors.
C. Monkeys and other social animals need to learn behaviors appropriate for their social
groups.
D. Some monkeys are naturally too selfish and aggressive to understand the give-and-take of
social groups, so they learn such important behaviors while young.

Type 6: Detail
A Detail question asks you to answer a question about a specific point in the passage.
Choose from four possible answers.

● Paragraph 4 supports which of the following statements about an animal’s brain.

A. The heavier the brain, the richer the environment in which the animal was raised.
B. The younger the animal, the harder it is to develop new connections between nerve cells.
Tip: This type of
question usually
C. The larger the animal, the harder it is to develop new connections between nerve cells.
concerns a relatively D. The larger the animal’s cerebellum, the larger will be the animal’s nerve cells
long paragraph. Therefore, you should
locate the "pilot word" so as to quickly find the information you need.
Here, your pilot words are "animal's brain." The next step is to find relevant information
about animal's brain as provided in the paragraph.
 7

4. The benefits of play must outweigh costs, or play would not have evolved, according to
Darwin' s theory. Some of the potential benefits relate directly to the healthy development
of the brain and nervous system. In one research study, two groups of young rats were
raised under different conditions. One group developed in an "enriched" environment,
which allowed the rats to interact with other rats, play with toys, and receive maze training.
The other group lived in an "impoverished" environment in individual cages in a dimly lit
room with little stimulation. At the end of the experiments, the results showed that the
actual weight of the brains of the impoverished rats was less than that of those raised in the
enriched environment (though they were fed the same diets). Other studies have shown
that greater stimulation not only affects the size of the brain but also increase the number
of connections between the nerve cells. Thus, active play may provide necessary
stimulation to the growth of synaptic connections in the brain, especially the cerebellum,
which is responsible for motor functioning and movements.

Type 7: Cause
A Cause question asks you to explain why something in the passage occurred.
Choose from four reasons.

● According to paragraph 1, why is play difficult to define?

Tip: To answer this
question, you need to A. Play must be defined with concepts, not examples.
get a good understanding
B. Play behavior often looks like nonplay behavior
of both of the highlighted
sentences, as they form
C. Play often occurs in the presence of animals that are not playing
a "cause-and-effect" D. Play occurs independently of an animal’s intentions
logical relation.

1. Play is easier to define with examples than with concepts. In any case, in animals it
consists of leaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, and other movements, either
along, with objects, or with other animals. Depending on the species, play may be
primarily for social interaction, exercise, or exploration. One of the problems in providing
a clear definition of play is that it involves the same behaviors that take place in other
circumstance--dominance, predation, competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play
occurs or not depends on the intention of the animals, and the intentions are not always
clear from behaviors alone.

Type 8: Opinion
An Opinion question asks you to recognize the author's point of view.
Tip: You can
answer an Opinion
Choose from four statements.
question in the same
way you answer ● According to paragraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge to researchers
a True-or-False question. who study play behavior in animals
Find the statement that
says the same information
A. The delay between activities and the benefits the animal derives from them.
as provided in the passage.
Be aware of that some words in the question
may not be the same.
 8

B. The difficulty in determining which animal species play and which do not.
C. The fact that for most animals, there is no clear transition from youth to full adulthood.
D. The lack of research on the play behavior of animals other than canids and primates.

2. Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated

nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in
primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the
research literature, and the reasons may not be the same for every species that plays.
Determining the functions of play is difficult because the functions may be long-term, with
beneficial effects not showing up until the animal's adulthood.

Type 9: Exception
An Exception question asks you to select a statement that includes information NOT in the
passage.
Choose from four sentences.

● According to paragraph 3, each of the following is a cost to animals that engage in play
EXCEPT
Tip: Choose
the statement giving
information that is
A. exposure to predators
clearly wrong. B. a buildup of fat stores
C. a loss of fuel that could be used for growth
D. risk of injury from slipping or falling

3. Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active,
involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in the loss of
fuel or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young
animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is
attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or
falling.

Type 10: Detail

A Detail question asks you to answer a question about a specific point in the passage.
Choose from four possible answers.

● According to paragraph 7, how do some animals ensure that other animals understand that they
are just playing?

Tip: Locate the A. By playing only with animals who are not predator
pilot words. B. By avoiding any aspects of the play behavior that are dangerous
C. By practicing nonaggressive and non-predatory behaviors
D. By using a set of signals that occurs only in play
 9

7. There is a danger, of course, that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by
others, potentially leading to aggression. This is especially true when play consists of
practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors. Thus, many species have evolved clear
signals to delineate playfulness. Dogs, for example, will wag their tails, get down their
front legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate "what follows is just for play."

Type 11: Insert

An Insert question asks you to locate a place in the passage to insert a sentence.
Choose from four options marked with a square.

● Look at the four squares [■] (A, B, C, D) that indicate where the following sentence can be
Tip: This type of added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit?
question tests your
ability to determine
With messages such as those, even dogs that are strangers to each other can be playing
whether two ideas are
coherent (directly connected
within a few minutes..
or put together
through a very
clear logical relation, 7. There is a danger, of course, that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by
such as cause-and- others, potentially leading to aggression. A.[■] This is especially true when play consists of
effect and practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors. B.[■] Thus, many species have evolved
compare-and-contrast)
clear signals to delineate playfulness. C.[■] Dogs, for example, will wag their tails, get down
their front legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate "what follows is just for play." D.
[■]

Type 12: Summary

A Summary question asks you to complete a summary of the passage.
Choose three sentences from six choices. Three sentences will not be used.

● 【Directions】an introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
Complete the summary be selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
Tip: Look over the ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas
main ideas of the that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2
passages and you should points. Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated
find the correct answers.
nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals.
Remember to avoid
statements which are
NOT main ideas. A.Although play often resembles aggression, flight, or other purposeful activities, researchers
do not agree on the reasons for and functions of play

B.Although many animals develop physically from play, too many young animals become
victims of their natural predators while playing.
 10

C.Animals such as rats, dogs, deer, goats and monkeys learn how to be both dominant and
submissive during play activities so that they will fit in better with their adult social groups.

D.The function of play is still debated in the research literature primarily because each animal
species uses so few of the many available types of play behavior.

E.Energy expenditure and security risks are some of the costs to animals of play behavior, but
the costs are not so great that they outweigh the long-term benefits of play to the species.

F.As experiments and observations have shown, animals that play at some stages of their
development obtain neurological, muscular, or social benefits from the play behaviors.
352 MODEL TEST 4: PROGRESS TEST

26. Directions: An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Com­
plete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most impor­
tant points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they
express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage.
This question is worth 2 points.

Because weather is a chaotic system, it is very difficult to predict .

•
•
•
Answer Choices
[A] The accuracy of weather prediction will
improve as we make progress in the
application of computers to equations.
[BJ It is very easy to make predictions about
the location of a car when you know
where it is and how fast it is going.
[Q] A slight variation in initial conditions will
cause a very different prediction for
weather over the long term.
[Q] Because weather is chaotic but not ran­
dom, it may be described by nonlinear
equations that provide for sensitive inter­
actions.
[EJ The economic system demonstrates
chaotic behavior, and it must be repre­
sented by a nonlinear equation.
[E] Weather is predictable only within a time
frame of a few weeks because of the
nature of scientific prediction.

The practice exercise for the March 16 starts here.

Reading 3 "Building with Arches"

Round Arch and Vault
IP1 I -+ Although the round arch was used by the ancient peoples of Mesopotamia
several centuries before our common era, it was most fully developed by the
Romans, who perfected the form in the 2nd century s.c.E. The arch has many
virtues. In addition to being an attractive form, it enables the architect to open
up fairly large spaces in a wall without risking the building's structural sound­
ness. These spaces admit light, reduce the weight of the walls, and decrease
the amount of material needed. As utilized by the Romans, the arch is a per­
fect semicircle, although it may seem elongated if it rests on columns. It is
constructed from wedge-shaped pieces of stone that meet at an angle always
perpendicular to the curve of the arch. Because of tensions and compressions
inherE;idt in the form, the arch is stable only when it is complete, when the top­
most stone, the keystone, has been set in place. For this reason an arch under
construction must be supported from below, usually by a wooden framework.
 READING SECTION 353

jP2j -+ Among the most elegant and enduring of Roman structures based on the
arch is the Pont du Gard at Nimes, France, built about 15 c.E. when the empire
was nearing its farthest expansion. At this time, Roman industry, commerce,
and agriculture were at their peak. Engineering was applied to an ambitious
system of public-works projects, not just in Italy but in the outlying areas as
well. The Pont du Gard functioned as an aqueduct, a structure meant to trans­
port water, and its lower level served as a footbridge across the river. That it
stands today virtually intact after nearly two thousand years (and is crossed
by cyclists on the route of the famous Tour de France bicycle race) testifies to
the Romans' brilliant engineering skills. Visually, the Pont du Gard exemplifies
the best qualities of arch construction. Solid and heavy, obviously durable, it is
shot through with open spaces that make it seem light and its weight-bearing
capabilities effortless.

I P3 ! -+ When the arch is extended in depth-when it is, in reality, many arches

placed flush one behind the other-the result is called a barrel vault. This vault
construction makes it possible to create large interior spaces. The Romans
made great use of the barrel vault, but for its finest expression we look many
hundreds of years later, to the churches of the Middle Ages.

!P41 -+ The church of Sainte-Foy, in the French city of Conques, is an example of

the style prevalent throughout Western Europe from about 1050 to 1200-a
style known as Romanesque. Earlier churches had used the Roman round
arch and barrel vault so as to add height to their churches. t;ntjl . Jhi�•. BfarJ()p j

most churches'",had b�a·med- wooden roofs, wfilch not onl/ posed a threat of
fir� bu(�lsq lirtt.!!�d lb�,h�igbJ to ,�f,i.9.tJ:.��ptjit�g!� �qyid. asBire. With the stone
barrel vault, they could ·achiffive the soaring, majestic space we see in the nave
of Sainte-Foy to span the spaces between the interior columns that ultim ately
held up the roof. With the Romanesque style, builders set a stone barrel vault
as a ceiling over the nave, hiding the roof structure from view. The barrel vault
unified the interior visually, providing a soaring, majestic climax to the rhythms
announced by the arches below.

Pointed Arch and Vault

!Ps! -+ While the round arch and vault of the Romanesque era solved many prob­
lems and made many things possible, they nevertheless had certain draw­
backs. For one thing, a round arch, to be stable, must be a semicircle; therefore,
the height of the arch is limited by its width. Two other difficulties were weight
and darkness. Barrel vaults are both literally and visually heavy, calling for
huge masses of stone to maintain their structural stability. They exert an out­
ward thrust all along their base, which builders countered by setting them in
massive walls that they dared not weaken with light-admitting openings. The
Gothic period in Europe, which followed the Romanesque, solved these prob­
lems with the pointed arch. [8]

!P6j The pointed arch, while seemingly not very different from the round one,
offers many advantages. [BJ Because the sides arc up to a point, weight is
channeled down to the ground at a steeper angle, and therefore the arch can
354 MODEL TEST 4: PROGRESS TEST

be taller. The vault constructed from such an arch also can be much taller than
a barrel vault. [Q] Architects of the Gothic period found they did not need heavy
masses of material throughout the curve of the vault, as long as the major
points of intersection were reinforced. [QJ

Glossary
nave: the long central area in a church with aisles on each side

27. Why does the author mention the "keystone" in paragraph 1?

@ To explain the engineering of an arch
® To provide historical background on arches
© To point out one of the virtues of arches
® To suggest an alternative to the arch
Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow[-+].

28. The word inherent in the passage is closest in meaning to

@ uncertain
® unsatisfactory
© expansive
® essential

29. The Pont du Gard mentioned in paragraph 2 has all of the following characteristics
EXCEPT
@ It was an aqueduct.
® It is still being used.
© It was built 2,000 years ago.
® It was repaired recently.
Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow [-+].

30. The word virtually in the passage is closest in meaning to

@ obviously
® accurately
© routinely
® practically

31. According to paragraph 3, what is the advantage of a barrel vault?

@ It was used in the Middle Ages.
® Many arches were joined.
© The space inside was larger.
® It was a typical Roman look.
Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow[-+].
 READING SECTION 355

32. What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about Romanesque architecture?

@ Arches and barrel vaults were used in the designs.
® Wood beams characterized the buildings.
© The structures were smaller than tliose of Roman style.
® The architecture was popular during the Roman occupation.
Paragraph 4 is marked with an arrow[-+].

33. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement
in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.
@ Architects wanted to build higher ceilings in churches, but they were limited because
of the fire hazard caused by wooden beams in the roofs.
® The majority of the churches prior to this time were constructed with wooden roofs
that caused a considerable fire hazard because of their height.
© The wood beams in the roofs of most churches before this period were a concern
because of fire and the constraints they imposed on the height of the ceiling.
® The limitations on the architecture of the churches were a result of the construction
materials and the limited vision of the architects.

34. The word achieve in the passage is closest in meaning to

@ retain
® accomplish
© decorate
® finance

35. The word ultimately in the passage is closest in meaning to

@ partially
® frequently
© carefully
® finally

36. According to paragraph 5, why are Romanesque churches so dark?

@ It was a characteristic of construction with pointed arches.
® It was too difficult to make windows in the heavy materials.
© Openings for light could have compromised the structure.
® Reinforcements covered the areas where light could shine in.
Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow[-+].

37. How did Gothic architects extend the height of their arches?
@ By using barrel vaults
® By designing pointed arches
© By including a nave
® By adding windows
356 MODEL TEST 4: PROGRESS TEST

38. Look at the four squares[•] that show where the following sentence could be inserted in
the passage.

These reinforcements, called ribs, are visible in the nave ceiling of Reims Cathedral.

Where could the sentence best be added?

Click on a square[•] to insert the sentence in the passage.

39. Directions: Complete the table by matching the phrases on the left with the headings on
the right. Select the appropriate answer choices and drag them to the type of architec­
ture to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is
worth 4 points.

To delete an answer choice, click on it. To see the passage, click on View Text.

•
Answer Choices Round Arch
[A] Allowed architects to

•
create a taller arch
rBJ Used in fortresses so that

•
the soldiers could see out
[Q] Represented the Romanesque

•
style of architecture
[OJ Similar to arches constructed
in the ancient world
[E] Popular in many structures of Pointed Arch

•
the Gothic period
[E] Required special building

•
materials for construction
[G] Prevalent in churches during

•
the Middle Ages
[HJ Associated with structures
that include barrel vaults
[D Permitted openings in or
around them for light