(Chapter 6) Improved Transport Services - Tourism can

stimulate the establishment of new and

MULTIPLIER EFFECTS OF TOURISM
improved transport service to and within a
INDUSTRY
regional area.
Multiplier effects

- Income from tourism and hospitality both

from local and international activities are
injected into the local economy. A dollar
from tourism is a dollar injected to the
economy. A percentage of this new dollar is
spent int he community by the recipients
and this dollar is spent and re-spent
creating a multiplier effect.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
Jobs - Employment may be associated
directly, such as tour guide managerial
position.
Economic Impact - The economic impact of
tourism on a destination area is enormous
since it provides a source of income,
employment and foreign exchange.

Employment Opportunities Increased Spending - Tourism business can

Diversification - making the local economy
less reliant on traditional base e.g.
agriculture and mining.
Opportunities for Business - the
establishment of new products, facilities
and services and expansion of existing
business.
Preservation of the environment and
heritage - the need for proper management
and, through effective policies and planning,
can ensure that the environment, heritage
and inherent character of an area are
preserved.
The Catalyst for Residential development -
In many places visitors who initially
travelled to particular areas as tourism,
have relocated to those areas to become
resident and acquire a better quality of life.
directly and indirectly promote the viability
of local businesses.
Economic Diversification - is, for many
communities, an insurance policy against
hard times. By offering an additional means
of income, tourism can support a
community when a traditional industry in
under financial pressure particularly where
the community relies heavily on a single
industry.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF TOURISM
- The main positive economic impacts of
tourism relate to foreign exchange earnings,
contribution to government revenues,
generation of employment and business
opportunities.
1. Foreign Exchange Earnings - the export
and import of all related income to the host.
2. Employment Generation - creates local
jobs and business opportunities.
3. Contribution to the Government
revenues - For example the hotel
accommodation sectors provided around
11.3miliion jobs worldwide (1995).
4. Stimulation of Infrastructure investment -
creating public transport network.
5. Contribution to the local economies -
Tourism can contribute directly to the
conservation of sensitive areas and habitats.
Economic benefits
- help diversity and stabilize the local
economy and creates local jobs and
business opportunities.
Farmers' markets
- farmer market is increasing economic
development in regional areas.
Infrastructure
- infrastructure including roads, parks, and
other public spaces improved through
tourism activity in a region.
Social benefits
- community identity and pride can be
generated through tourism activity in a
region.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
- Tourism, particularly ecotourism, can
place a greater purpose of the conservation
of natural resources through the
recognition of the importance to visitor
experiences and their economic value to
the local community.
Conservation of important natural areas
- mountains, caves and coral reefs are
visited and appreciated by domestic and
foreign visitors.
1. Biological conservation - tourism has also
been protecting plants and animal species.
2. Improvement of environmental quality
and enhancement of the environment -
tourist establishments to make themselves
attractive.
3. Improvement of infrastructure -
successful tourism bring appropriate and
infrastructure.
4. Increase of environmental awareness -
brings fresh environment.
Benefits in making community
engagement work
- Supporting the local community purchase
locally
- Educational partnerships
- Responsible product development and
marketing
- Best practice
- collaboration and communication
- infrastructure
- provision of public facilities on private
land and building ( walking tracks, picnic
facilities, toilet facilities)
- funding for taurus community projects
IMPACTS OF TOURISM TO THE ECONOMY
- providing financial or in kind for the
conservation of the local environment and
natural resources will enhance the
reputation of any tourism business.
ECONOMIC LEAKAGES
- leaf age are generally created by foreign
ownership, the need to import goods
(typical luxury food items, alcoholic
beverage), international marketing cost,
interest payment on foreign loans and the
payment of the franchise and management
is to foreign companies.
LEAKAGES
- if the outside interest on the tourism
development, most of the economic
benefits will leave the community.
ECONOMIC COST
- tourism development of infrastructure
(airports, roads, and etc.) can cost the local
government a great deal of money and play
property values and price of goods and
services.
THE TOURISM MULTIPLIER EFFECTS
- tourism does not only create jobs in the
tertiary sector but it also encourages
growth in the primary and secondary
sectors of industry.
BENEFITS AND IMPACTS OF TOURISM
Multiplier Effects
- refers to the resulting effect of a service or
amenity creating for their wealth or positive
effects in an area.
Employment Opportunities
- tourism is a labor intensive industry and
creates many job opportunities especially
for young people and part-time and full-
time workers.
Diversification
- tourism can provide diversification,
making the local economy less reliant
traditional base e.g agriculture and mining.
Opportunities for Business
- tourism creates opportunities for the
establishment of new products , facilities
and services and expansion of existing
businesses which would not otherwise be
justified solely on the resident population.
Preservation of the Environment and
Heritage
- tourism highlights the need for proper
management and, through effective policies
and planning can ensure that the
environment, heritage and inherent
character of an area are preserved.
The catalyst of residential development
- in many places, visitors who initially
travelled to particular areas as tourism,
have relocated to those areas to become
residents acquire a better quality of life.
IMPROVED TRANSPORT SERVICES
- tourism can stimulate the establishment
of new and improved transport services to
and within a regional areas.
A BROADER SOCIAL OUTLOOK
- tourism provides the opportunity for
residence to interact with other people and
cultures and brings new ideas into the
community.
HOW TOURISM BENEFITS COMMUNITIES
- tourism is one of the most effective ways
of redistributing wealth, by moving money
into local economies from other parts of the
country and overseas.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
JOBS - employment may be associated
directly, such as tour guide or managerial
positions; or in supporting industries like
food production or retail suppliers.
INCREASED SPENDING - increase spending
in the community generated from visitors
or tourism businesses can directly and
indirectly promote the viability local
businesses.
ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION - is generally
taken as the process in which a growing
range of economic output is produced.
IMPACTS OF TOURISM THAT CAN BRING
TO THE ECONOMY
ECONOMY LEAKAGES
- several studies have pointed out the
tourism industry generally exhibits a high
degree of leakage.
ECONOMIC COST
- tourism development of infrastructure
(airports, roads, etc.) can cost the local
government a great deal of money.
TOURISM MULTIPLIER EFFECT
- tourism not only creates jobs in the
tertiary sector, But it also encourages
growth and the primary and secondary
sectors of industry.
ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS
- from the earliest times, the enjoyment of
environment-whether define in physical or
in socio-cultural terms - has had a major
impact in shape a succession tourism
geographies.
NEGATIVE IMPACTS
- Biodiversity affect (killing of animals for
leisure (hunting) or to supply souvenir
trade.)
- Resource Base (depletion of ground and
surface water)
- Pollution (water pollution through sewage
or fuel spillage and rubbish from pleasure
boat.)
- Erosion and Physical Damage (overloading
of infrastructure (water supply networks))
- Visual Structural Change (detrimental
visual impact to natural and non-natural
landscapes through tourism development)
POSITIVE IMPACTS
- Biodiversity (Encouragement to conserve
animal as attractions)
- Erosion and Physical Damage (Tourism
revenue to finance ground repair and site
restoration.)
- Resource Base ( Development of
new/improved sources of supply)
- Visual Structural Change (New users for
marginal or unproductive lands)
- Pollution (Cleaning programs to protect
the attractiveness of tourism sites.)
WATER DISPOSAL - tourism is a major
waste generator.
DAMAGE TO NATURAL SITES - in pursuit to
generate more income out of tourism
activities natural sites are often times put at
stakes thereby causing irreparable damage.
SUSTAINABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF
TOURISM
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
- is where tourists can enjoy their holiday
and at the same time respect the culture of
people and also respect the environment.
- Sustainable tourism is sensitive to these
dangers and seek to protect tourism as an
industry and can reduce the impact of
tourism in many ways.
RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
- can be regarded as behavior. It is more
than a form of tourism as it represent an
approach to engage with tourism, be that as
a tool is a business local at a destination or
any other tourism stakeholder.
RESPONSIBLE HOSPITALITY
- is essentially about creating better places
for the people to live in, and the better
places for the people to visit.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CONTROL
MEASURES
- ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
- PROPER INSTALLATION OF EFFICIENT
UTILITIES
- WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTIC OF SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM
- It is informative, supports integrity of
place, benefits residents, conserve
resources, respects local culture and
tradition, does not abuse its product,
strains poor quality, not quality. Means
great trips.
SOME PREMISES OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT IN TOURISM
1. Premises of interdependency - as applied
above, tourism as sector is affected by a
whole range of social and economic
activities.
2. The premises of multidisciplinary - to
support stainable development, it will be
essential to draw on the ideas and
experiences of a board range of disciplines.
3. The premise of previous experience
4. The premise of politics and power - it is
both the easiest and the most difficult to
deal with.
GREEN TRANSPORTATION
- when city transportation became a
problem due to dense lines of light rail
transportation.
SUSTAINABILITY - eco friendly technologies,
respect for ecology and value of natural
systems.
INCREASED DENSITY - the buildings,
residence, shops, and services, should be
closer together for ease walking, to enable
a more efficient use of services and
resources, and to create more convenient,
enjoyable place to live.
QUALITY OF ARCHITECTURE AND ORBAN
DESIGN
- put more emphasis on beauty, aesthetic,
human comfort, and creating a sense of
place; special placement of civic uses site
within community.
THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF RURALITY:
- Defining rurality has taken much space in
geo graphical and rural sociology but there
is little consensus on what constitutes the
phenomenon termed 'rural'.
THERE ARE THREE RECOGNIZABLE
PERSPECTIVES IN DEFINING RURALITY:
Anything non-urban - a negative approach
of defining rurality as it implies the rural
environment and transfer the definition to
urban commentators.
Attempts to outline the elements of the
countryside or the function of rural space -
positive perspective as the distinguishing
features and identified low density
population, visual components and form of
settlement and land use.
Perception and user-based definitions -
based on how individual experience and
define rurality.
THE CONCEPT OF RURAL TOURISM:
1. Rural tourism is an old and new
phenomenon.
2. The rural scene was admired by poets
and artists.
CONCEPTUALIZING RURAL TOURISM
1. While rural areas are dynamic
environments and change is implicit, more
radical changes have been witnessed in the
postwar period done any other time before
relating to social, environmental, political.
SERVICES RURAL
- village hall/community center
- permanent shop
- post office
- primary school
- daily bus service
- general practitioner
- bank/building society
- day care for elderly
RELEVANCE IN DEVELOPING NATIONS
- the regulation of rural land use and
sustainability - assessing how regulation at
different geographic slaces, shape neural
development and the rule individual and
organizational agency.
IMPACT OF RURAL TOURISM
ECONOMIC IMPACT - HAS BROUGHT
BENEFITS SUCH AS FOREIGN EXCHANGE,
EMPLOYMENT, HIGHER GOVERNMENT
REVENUES.
SOCIO CULTURAL IMPACT - THE HIGHER
STANDARDS OF LIVING IN URBAN TOURIST
DESTINATION HAVE COST IMMIGRATION
FROM NEARBY RURAL NEIGHBORS,
RESULTING IN CHANGES DEMOGRAPHIC
STRUCTURES AND POSSIBLE CULTURE
SHOCK.
Measure in indicators of sustainability in
rural tourism
STRESS - number of visitors or tourists.
SOCIAL STRESS - RATIO OF
VISITOR/TOURIST NUMBERS TO LOCAL
POPULATION.
ATTRACTIVENESS - rate of attractiveness of
natural and cultural resources.
PLANNING PROCESS - existence of local
regional plan for tourism development.
TOURISM PLANNING PROCESS - existence
of local/regional plan for tourism
development.
AREA PROTECTION - PERCENTAGE OF
PROTECTED AREA
LOCAL INVOLVEMENT - ratio of the number
of locally owned tourist businesses.
LOCAL CONTROL - formal measure to
control development planning and
implementation.
EMPLOYMENT - number of jobs created in
tourism.
TOURISM CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOCAL
ECONOMY - tax income by tourism only.
ECONOMY DIVERSITY - share of different
economy activities in the total tax income.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION - renewable
energy sources to non renewable energy
sources.
WASTE MANAGEMENT - percentage of
household with property sewage system.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING - LOCAL
PEOPLE AND TOURISM WITH
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION.
LOCAL SATISFACTION - overall perception
of tourism impacts in local community.
TOURIST SATISFACTION -
percentage/change of repeat visits
compared to first time visits.
Sustainable rural tourism
- advancement in modes of transport has
assisted rural tourism coupled with the
increasingly sophisticated marketing of new
destination can become over use one
almost overnight as a result of special
interest publication of promotional
literature.
IMPACTS OF RURAL TOURISM
- in england, natural development
commission our research on a simple of
english rural settlement to evaluate impact
tourism.
GLOBAL TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS
Tourism Organization
- aside from the suppliers of service and
facilities to tourists, there are also several
tourism organizations that play significant
role in the tourism industry.
The Role of Regional and National Tourism
Organization
- Regional and National Tourism
Organizations play an important role in the
travel tourism industry.
Role
- Organize the private sectors' participation
in global and regional travel trade fairs.
CATEGORIES AND TYPES OF TOURISM
ORGANIZATION
Intergovernmental organization - involves
two or more nations with a common
interest.
Non-governmental organization - is a non-
profit, citizen based group that functions
independently. Sometimes, it organized a
community that serves specific social or
political purposes.
PACIFIC ASIA TRAVEL ASSOCIATION (PATA)
- founded in 1951, the pacific asia travel
association (PATA) is not-for stop it
association that is internationally acclaimed
for acting as a catalyst for the responsible
development of travel and tourism to, prom
and within the asia-pacific region.
PATA Priorities:
On behalf of its members, PATA's strategic
direction is to:
- build business for members
- provide valuable insights, forecasts and
analysis help members make better
business decisions.
WORLD TRAVEL AND TOURISM COUNCIL
(WTTC)
- Founded in 1990
- WWTC's mission is to raise awareness or
the full economic impact of the travel and
tourism industry.
- with support from American express
- represent the private sector in all parts for
the industry worldwide.
INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT
ASSOCIATION (IATA)
- founded in 1945
- the global representative of the
international air transport industry.
- IATA represents the member interest in
promoting safe, reliable, secure and
economical air services.
- all major stakeholder will benefit.
- IATA CURRENT SIMPLIFYING THE BUSINESS
INITIATIVE ARE DESIGNED TO INCREASE
EFFICIENCIES WITHIN THE INDUSTRY,
THROUGH GREATER AUTOMATION AND
FEWER PAPER-BASED PROCESSES.
UNITED NATION WORLD TOURISM
ORGANIZATION (UNWTO)
- responsible for the promotion of
responsible, sustainable and universally
accessible tourism.
- promotes tourism as a driver of economic
growth and inclusive development,
environmental sustainability.
- offers leadership
- UNWTO encourage the implementation of
the global code of ethics for tourism.
Maximize tourism socio economic
contribution.
- UNWTO generates market knowledge,
promotes competitive and sustainable
tourism policies and instruments.
MISSION
- to provide consulting services to UNWTO
member states on request on issues of
biodiversity based tourism, participatory
tourism planning and connecting
biodiversity tourism two countries' overall
economic development building on
technical capacity, lessons learned
accumulated experiences and establish
networks.
GOALS
- to promote tourism development that
supports biodiversity conservation, social
welfare and economic security in the host
countries and communities.
ROLE OF NATIONAL TOURISM
ORGANIZATION
- for instance, in its marketing role, a
tourism organization promotes the industry.
Tourism services in regional offices sector
- the tourism services and regional offices
sector is passed to ensure the pleasant and
entry, stay, and exit of tourists.
THE DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (DOT)
- the DOT shall be the primary government
agencies charged with the responsibility to
encourage, promote, and develop tourist as
a major socio-economic activity to generate
foreign currency and employment and to
spend the benefits of tourism to both and
private and public sector.
Function of DOT
- office of the secretary
- tourism promotion sector
- tourism services and regional office sector
- planning, product development and
coordination
HOTEL AND RESTAURANT ASSOCIATION OF
THE PHILIPPINES (HRAP)
- HRAP concerns itself with all issues
affecting the hotel and restaurant industry
of the philippines including but not limited
to environment, government liaison, ethics,
health, legislation, program, technology,
finance and education.
UFTE (Union of Filipino Tourism Educators)
Vision - to have an increasing pool of train
academicians and professionals in travel
and tourism who understand the close
interrelationship among all segments of the
tourism industry.
Mission - to promote closer working
relationship between educators and
industry.
Two unites all schools colleges and
universities with tourism programs with the
end in view of training and developing
students for a productive and meaningful
career in tourism.
Woman and travel philippines
- in the philippines is essentially any word
that is safe for everybody is safe for women
traveling solo. It is just a matter of the
billing smart and taking the cautions not
just for women but for every solo traveler.
On this list, we simply highlights some of
the best and most memorable texts for
female and adventures in the philippines.
Nationa Tourism
- the growth of tourism over the years has
established its importance to the economy
of a country.
NATIONAL TOURIST ORGANIZATION ( NTO)
- is the body responsible for the formulation
and implementation national tourist policy.
Function of NTO: the objective of national
tourist organization are to ensure that the
maximum possible value from international
tourism accrues to the country for its
economic and social benefit.
SECURITY AND SAFETY IN TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
Terminal securities
- perimeter protection fencing with sound
system to accurately detect intrusions
- Perimeter cctv in mobile indoor camera
support option for smart video.
- Access control using cards and other
biometric mechanisms.
AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENING
- security measures begin long before you
arrive at the airport. TSA works closely with
the intelligence & law enforcement
communities to share information.
Additional security measures are in place
from the time you get to the airport until
you get to your destination.
Carry on baggage screening in standard
lanes.
TSA screens approximately 4.9 million carry
on bags for explosive and other dangerous
item daily.
Check baggage screening
- TSA screens approximately 1.3 million
check bags for explosives and other
dangerous item daily.
PAT DOWN SCREENING
- pat down screening procedures are used
to determine whether prohibited items or
other threats to transformation security are
concealed on the person.
Secure flight
- secure flight is a risk-based passenger to
the screening program that enhance
security by identifying lower and higher is
passengers before they arrived at the
airport by matching their names against
trusted traveler list and watch lists.
AIRPORT SAFETY
- when going through airport security,
please your bugs on the belt only as you are
ready to walk through the magnetometer,
not while you are still in the line.
Immediately recover items from other side
of the machine.
Food safety for tourism
- make sure you have an idea as to which
food will produce which illness.
- take the time to know what are the major
food problems and potential crises for your
area.
- make sure that you know who is working
in your kitchen and what is their state of
health.
NATIONAL TOURISM SAFETY AND
SECURITY PLAN
- a national tourism safety and security plan
is a logical consequence of the
development of a national policy on this
subject.
16 Personal Safety Tips
1. Pickpockets prepare to choose easy
victims.
2. Pickpockets and scam merchant often
work in groups.
3. Only carry around as much money as you
need for that day.
4. Do not carry around haversack on your 3. Evaluate the situation, look around and
back. see if there is someone, and see if you can
run and make as noise as possible.
5. Do not have a camera slang around your
neck. 4. Do not resist when being attack unless
you are able to escape.
6. If you need to look up anything on map,
go into a cafe and sit-down rather than look 5. Be prepared to let your bag/package go if
up your destination in the streets. someone tries to snatch it. Bugs and
packages can be replaced but your life can
7. In cafes and restaurants pay attention to
not.
your bags/purses & wallets.
Safety on the beach
8. Watch out for this action/theft scams.
1. Never swim alone.
9. Pay particular attention at stations.
2. Swim only at designated batting patrolled
10. Be aware of the people around you and
by lifeguard.
pay attention to what they are doing.
3. Do not swim went drunk.
11. Take out a travel insurance policy.
4. Will not leave your belongings
12. Keep your passport safe.
unattended.
13. Do not be folded buy fake policeman or
5. Is your lifter in the bins provided and
undercover police.
leave the beach as you would like to find it
14. Emulate the dress code of the local clean.
residents.
Safety at the hotel
15. Avoid king in the dark isolated
1. Never leave your luggage unattended.
backstreets, especially if you are alone.
2. Store your valuables in the hotel safety
16. When on the beach, do not leave your
deposit box.
belongings.
3. Your room at all times whether you are in
What to do when you are attack/hijacked
the hotel or out.
1. Try to remain calm, and do not panic.
4. If someone knocks, check who is it before
2. Things quickly because your mind will be opening.
your first defense.
5. Find the keys in at the desk when you
leave the hotel.
Safety and the car
1. Buy a map and plan your route in
advance.
2. Do not leave any items on the seat,
please them in the boot.
3. Never pick up strangers or hitchhiker's.
4. Wind your windows app or leave a light
gap.
THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
(DND)
- the department of national defense (DND:
Filipino; kagawaran ng tanggulang
pambansa, KTP) is the executive
department of the philippine government
responsible for guarding against external
and internal threats to peace and security in
the country.
THE ARMED FORCE OF THE PHILIPPINES
(AFP)
- the armed force of the philippines (AFP)
(Filipino: sandatahang lakas ng pilipinas,
Spanish: Fuerzas Ardamas de Filipinos) are
the military forces of the philippines. It
consists of the army navy (including the
marine corps) in the air force.
THE OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE (OCD)
- the office of civil defense (OCD; Filipino:
tanggapan ng tanggulang sibil TTS) is an
organization within the philippines
department of national defense (DND) AND
SERVES AS THE IMPLEMENTING ARM OF
THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (NDRRMC).
PHILIPPINE VETERAGE AFFAIRS OFFICE
(PVAO)
- the philippine veterans affairs office
(PVAO) ( Filipino: tanggapan para sa
kapakanan Ng mga beteranong pilipino) is
the agency of the philippine government
under the department of national defense
through which a grateful offenders the
filipino veterans.
NATIONAL DEFENSE COLLEGE OF THE
PHILIPPINES (NDCP)
- the national defense college of the
philippines (NDCP) (Filipino: dalubhasaan
nang tanggulang pambansa ng pilipinas) is
an educational, training and research
agency of the philippine government
located inside emilio aguinaldo in quezon
city metro manila.
GOVERNMENT ARSENAL (GA)
- the government arsenal (GA) is an agency
of the philippine government under the
department of national defense as possible
for the production of basic weaponry and
ammunition for the armed forces of the
philippines (AFP), in the philippine national
police (PNP), among others, and for the sale
and export of products in excess of
AFP/PNP requirements.
HUMAN SECURITY ACT OF 2007 (RA9372)
- the human security act of 2007 (RA 9372)
is a philippine law that took effect on
february 8 2007. This law is one of the most
primary anti-terrorism law that brings the
philippines in the line with its southeast
asian neighbors battling islamist militants.

NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY 2018

- to ensure the sustained and focus

implementation of our country's national
security policy 2017 to 2022 (NSP 2017-
2022) through EO No. 16 dated april, 2017.
The office of the president published and
distributed to all government
instrumentalities its national security
strategy 2018 (NSS 2018).