“DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT/CLIMATE CHANGE”

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Employ during local disaster and calamities rescue operation.
ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
1. Discuss in detail the Climate Change.
2.Describe the DRRMS Operation center.
3. Discuss the DRRMS Logistics.
REFERENCE
- Internet (DRRMC)
SCOPE
- CLIMATE CHANGE
- DRRMS OPN CENTER
- TYPES OF HAZARDS AND EFFECTS
- DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS AND UNITS
- ARMY’S ROLE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
- ARMY ASSISTANCE IN DISASTER OPERATIONS

Shrinking sea ice

Is climate change really happening?
Climate change is real.
- Earth’s climate has always changed, but it is the fast rate of change that is causing
concern.
Evidence points to an increase in
temperature over the last 140 years
Global annual surface temperature has
increased steadily since 1861
• A temperature increase of 0.74°C
occurred from 1906 to 2005

The greenhouse effect: the earth’s thermostat

- Greenhouse effect is the process by which energy from the sun makes life on earth
possible.
Types of Hazards and Effects
1.Natural. The Philippines is exposed to almost all natural hazards. The following is a brief
account of the main hazards to which the country is exposed.
a. Typhoon. A severe tropical hurricane which usually occurs in western Pacific or the China
Sea and is the most frequent cause of disaster in the Philippines. Typhoons occur mainly from
July to December.
b. Storm surge. An atmospheric disturbance manifested in strong winds accompanied by rain
and often by thunder and lightning. Storm surges cause severe damage to coastal areas.
c. Flood. The overflowing of excessive water in an area that is normally dry. Flooding severely
disrupts the economic and social activities of the people. Sometimes it is swift and it often
results to loss of lives, destruction or loss of properties, destruction of infrastructures and other
valuable assets essential for the well being of the people.
d. Volcanic Eruption. The process wherein molten rock materials (magma) are emitted or
ejected in the form of flowing masses and stream from a crater vent fissure. Volcanic eruption
usually results to the displacement and evacuation of people living within the danger areas
around the erupting volcano.
e. Earthquake. Earthquakes are ground vibrations caused by volcanic activity. These occur
without notice. Earthquakes usually trigger landslides. Strong earthquakes may result to severe
destruction of properties, infrastructures, economic facilities and vital utilities. It may even result
to loss of lives and injuries.
f. Tsunami. Tsunamis are very large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquake or
volcanic eruption and are sometimes loosely called “tidal waves”. Tsunamis have affected
Philippine coastal areas up to four meters above sea level.
g. Landslide. It is the dislodging and falling of a mass of land and rocks. Landslides are mostly
triggered by excessive rainfall
h. Drought. It is a long period without rainfall. Drought which brings damage to crops which
lead to economic losses and disaster declarations.
2.Man-made Disasters. Man-made disasters are events triggered by hazards initiated by
human activities and undertakings either deliberately or by accident, causing massive
destruction, economic losses, injuries or loss of lives.
a. Fire. Rapid and persistent chemical reaction involving the combination of combustible
materials and oxygen that releases heat and light.
b. Conflagration. It is a large disastrous fire involving numerous buildings/houses or structures.
c. Maritime Disasters. These are ill-fated events that occur at high seas causing excessive
damages, injuries and loss of lives.
d. Land and Air Accidents. These are unplanned or unforeseen events or circumstances that
may occur either on air or on land resulting mostly from ignorance or carelessness.
e. Oil Spill. Fallout of oil or similar substance from a container tank resulting to environmental
hazards.
f. Civil Strife. These are social unrest with violent activities, destruction of properties, and
chaos resulting to injuries.
h. Red Tide. Presence of toxic chemicals or pollutants in coastal waters that extremely affects
natural resources (shellfish) resulting to food poisoning and deaths.
i. Industrial Accidents. Accidents that occur in industrial facilities caused by unsafe practices
or malfunction of equipment and machineries.
 Short Messaging System (SMS)

NDDRMC Text can be access through cellphone number 0917-891-6322

• Disaster Management Response Units. Several disaster response units are organized
and established at the local level. These are composed of the government agencies,
non-government organizations, and peoples’ organization.
• Disaster Management Operations Support. The Local Government Code of 1991 has
decentralized much of the authority of governance to local officials. All local government
units are required to set aside 5% of their estimated revenues from regular sources for
unforeseen expenditures arising from the occurrence of disasters. These funds are used
for disaster management operations, relief and rehabilitation.
Army’s Role in Disaster Management
• The Armed Forces of the Philippines particularly the Philippine Army is considered as a
major player in disaster management. The military is regarded as an important and
capable entity for disaster management due to its training, equipment, and
organizational structure.
• Based on the Calamities and Disaster Preparedness Plan, the Armed Forces of the
Philippines is tasked to establish communication linkages and make these available for
disaster operations; assist the PNP in providing security coverage in disaster areas;
assist in the reconstruction of damaged national and local roads, bridges, structures and
facilities; assist in providing transportation facilities for the rapid movement of rescue
relief supplies and personnel; evacuation of victims; and to organize reaction teams in all
military installations.
Activity #1 Divide the students into (4) group each group will discuss the given topic 5min
preparation 3 min presentation
• Role of Army units within the different stages of disaster management.
1. Development.
2. Prevention
 3. Mitigation
4. Preparedness

The role of Army units within the different stages of disaster management.
1. Development. During the development stage, Army units participate in capability building
and organizational development activities
-Other activities may include the conduct of joint training for disaster response
operations with the local disaster coordinating councils to enhance the inter-operability of
disaster response units coming from different member-agencies.
2. Prevention. In the prevention stage, the Philippine Army supports the efforts of the
government for disaster prevention. Army units may participate in identifying and implementing
engineering interventions. Engineering units may be tapped to conduct mapping and related
studies as well as the construction of protective facilities depending on the capacity of the
concerned government entity.
3.Mitigation. During mitigation stage the Army engineers in support role may be tapped by
disaster coordinating councils to assist in the structural disaster mitigation activities, river
systems or repair of public structures that pose hazards to citizens.
4.Preparedness. In the same manner as in mitigation, the Army plays a vital role for disaster
preparedness. Army units participate in joint disaster preparedness planning together with the
member agencies and the disaster coordinating council to come up with a sound plan to cope
with effects of disasters
Stages in preparedness segment are elucidated to identify actions that the Army shall
undertake:
a. Threat. As part of preparedness, Army units shall identify hazards, critical areas, and effects
of these hazards.
b. Warning. During the warning stage, Army units shall closely monitor warnings or signals
announced by appropriate government agencies and be ready to execute measures relative to
the warning.
c. Precaution. Utilizing available capabilities, Army units shall assist the local disaster
coordinating council in the conduct of evacuation.
d. Disaster Impact. At the impact of disaster, and when situation permits, Army units shall
initiate immediate response during the critical moments to those affected primarily to save lives.
e. Response. During the response stage, the primary role of the Army is to ensure security and
stability in order to facilitate appropriate response from other agencies and organizations
especially during the most critical periods within the emergency situation.
f. Recovery. The recovery segment may take three stages – restoration, rehabilitation and
reconstruction. At all stages, the Army’s role is to support the government’s efforts to restore
public utilities, rehabilitate affected communities and reconstruct vital infrastructures.
The nature and extent of Army assistance in disaster Operations
• Ground survey and assessment, especially to ascertain levels of casualties and
damage.
• Reconnaissance in the disaster zone and of the routes within and leading towards it.
• Organized and mobile manpower to assist in rescue.
• Communications units to provide emergency radio and telephone links.
• Logistics units available to handle store and transport goods and people over all types of
roads and routes.
• Emergency medical support to other agencies and civilian services.
• Aircraft for reconnaissance (Aviation Battalion).
• Electrical power, engineering, long distance radio communication
• Reconnaissance and reporting upon the damage caused and the state of the
infrastructure and communications and the use of warning to endangered communities.
• Rescue, evacuation and the provision of life support system (medical aid, water, food
and shelter) in emergency centers or camps.
• Road clearance and the repair of breaks in road communications using temporary
bridging equipment.
• Emergency communications (tactical radios) linking Disaster Operations Centers at
various levels of government.
• Assistance in safeguarding/security of evacuated villages or urban areas.
• Transportation of emergency supplies.

Support to Local Disaster Open Units

1.National. As prescribed in the law, the AFP shall support the National Disaster Coordinating
Council in the conduct of disaster management operations. The Philippine Army shall support
the NDCC by deploying additional response units in support to the Regional Disaster
Coordinating Council as prescribed by the NDCC.
2.Regional. At the regional level, Army Divisions shall provide support to the RDCC by
deploying additional units to the Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council as prescribed by the
RDCC
3.Provincial. At the provincial level, Army Brigades provide support to the Provincial Disaster
Coordinating Council by deploying additional response units to the City or Municipal Disaster
Coordinating Council as prescribed by the PDCC.
4.City or Municipal. At the City or Municipal level, Army Battalions shall provide support to the
City or Municipal Disaster Coordinating Council by providing additional response units to the
Barangay Disaster Coordinating Council as prescribed by the MDCC or CDCC.
5.Other Levels. Central agencies operating within a particular locality shall operate as
prescribed by the concerned local disaster coordinating council during disaster response
operations.

SUMMARY
- CLIMATE CHANGE
- DRRMS OPN CENTER
- TYPES OF HAZARDS AND EFFECTS
- DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS AND UNITS
- ARMY’S ROLE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
- ARMY ASSISTANCE IN DISASTER OPERATIONS