dehydration - formation of larger molecules from smaller reactants accompanied by the

loss of water molecule

hydrolysis - process of breaking down bonds to monomers

carbohydrates - composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

linear carbohydrate - unbranched chains of monosaccharides that form structures

branded carbohydrates - shorter chains of monosaccharides with branches

helix carbohydrates - coiled shapes of monosaccharides that form structures

lipids - energy storage, structural and hormonal

formed by linear arrangements of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms called fatty acid
chains

proton - particle with single positive charge

electron - negative charge

isotopes - Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

atomic mass - total number of protons and neutrons

atomic number - number of protons

negative charge - more electrons than protons

neutral charge - equal number of protons and neutrons

positive charge - more protons than electrons

ions - atoms that have gained or lost a proton

cations - atoms that have lost one or more electrons (positive charge)

anions - atoms that have gained one or more electrons (negative charge)

elements - organized by increasing atomic numbers

columns (groups)
rows (periods)

periodic table - alkali and alkaline earth , transition elements, and noble gases

group 1 - one valence electron