Atmospheric Science

Group IV

Canubas, Ashley Nicolle C.

Evangelista, Lahreyn

Itomama, Amira

Lacorte, Matt

Mercado, Emmanuel

Volante, Rounin

February 22, 2024

 Atmospheric Science

Atmospheric Science is the study of weather analysis and predictability, climate and
global change, the circulation of the atmosphere relating to weather systems and their impact
on the Earth, air quality, and other atmospheric processes that affect us. Discovery and
understanding in Atmospheric Science is critical to our resiliency, and preparedness so that
we may meet the most pressing challenges of our atmosphere-dependent systems.
The main branches of Atmospheric Science are:
Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics involves the study of air motions that lead
to thunderstorms, frontal systems, hurricanes and tornadoes.
Atmospheric Physics applies principles of physics to study atmospheric processes
such as cloud formation, light scattering and energy transfer.
Atmospheric Chemistry applies principles of chemistry to study atmospheric
processes such as air pollution, ozone depletion, and aerosol formation.
Climate Science studies changes in the statistics of weather from seasons to millennia
and longer, addressing phenomena as such as El Niño, global warming, and the ice ages.
 Léon Philippe Teisserenc de Bort

Léon Philippe Teisserenc de Bort was a renowned French meteorologist who made
significant contributions to the field of aerology. Born on November 5, 1855, in Paris,
France, he embarked on his scientific career in 1880 after joining the meteorological
department of the Bureau Central Météorologique under E.E.N. Mascart. Over the years, he
conducted several expeditions to North Africa between 1883 and 1887 to study geology and
terrestrial magnetism, publishing important charts of pressure distribution at a height of 4,000
meters during this period.

Teisserenc de Bort's pioneering work with unmanned instrumented balloons earned

him recognition as one of the co-discoverers of the stratosphere alongside Richard Assmann.
In fact, both men announced their discovery around the same time in 1902. Moreover,
Teisserenc de Bort was also the first person to identify the tropopause - a region in the
atmosphere between 8-17 kilometers where the lapse rate reaches zero.

Throughout his career, Teisserenc de Bort held various positions including Chief
Meteorologist to the Bureau from 1892 to 1896. He passed away on January 2, 1913, in
Cannes, France. His legacy continues to inspire present-day meteorologists and aerologists as
they strive towards further advancements in their respective fields.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Teisserenc_de_Bort
 Richard Assmann

Richard Assmann (Anglicized spelling of the German name Richard Aßmann) (13
April 1845 in Magdeburg – 28 May 1918 in Gießen) was a German meteorologist and
physician who was a native of Magdeburg. He made numerous contributions in high altitude
research of the Earth's atmosphere. He was a pioneer of scientific aeronautics and considered
a co-founder of aerology.

In 1868 he received his medical doctorate in Berlin, and from 1870 to 1879 was a
general practitioner in Bad Freienwalde. In 1879 he returned to Magdeburg to practice
medicine. In 1885 he earned a doctorate in secondary studies at the Faculty of Philosophy at
the University of Halle, and subsequently became a scientific officer at the Royal
Meteorological Institute at Berlin-Grünau. From 1905 to 1914 Assmann was director of the
Prussian Royal Aeronautical Observatory at Lindenberg, and afterwards was an honorary
professor at the University of Giessen.
From 1887 to 1892, with airship designer Rudolf Hans Bartsch von Sigsfeld (1861–
1902), he developed a psychrometer for accurate measurement of atmospheric humidity and
temperature. This was the first instrument that was able to provide reliable temperature
readings with high altitude balloons, as it was capable of shielding its thermometric elements
from solar radiation. The technical implementation and production of this device took place
in the factory of Rudolf Fuess (1838–1917).
From 1888 to 1899, he was a member of the Verein zur Förderung der Luftschifffahrt,
from which he organized scientific balloon ascents in order to study the atmosphere. From
these studies, valuable insights in regards to atmospheric stratification of
the troposphere were made. He is also credited for popularizing the field of meteorology, and
played a significant role in several scientific newspapers and magazines during his career.
From 1884 until his death, Assmann published the popular monthly magazine Das
Wetter (The Weather).
With Léon Teisserenc de Bort (1855–1913), he is credited as co-discoverer of
the stratosphere, as both men announced their discovery during the same time period in 1902.
In 1903, with meteorologist Arthur Berson (1859–1942), he was awarded the Buys Ballot
Medal by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Assmann
 Moustafa T. Chahine

Moustafa T. Chahine, born on January 1st, 1935 and passed away on March 23rd,
2011, was a highly esteemed atmospheric scientist renowned for his expertise in atmospheric
remote sensing through the use of satellite observations. He held several esteemed positions
throughout his career including serving as the Science Team Leader for NASA's Earth
Observing System Aqua satellite's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder. Additionally, he served as
the Chairman of the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) Science Steering Group
belonging to the World Climate Research Program (WCRP). His contributions to the field of
atmospheric science have left a lasting impact and serve as an inspiration to many aspiring
scientists in this field.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moustafa_T._Chahine
 John Tyndall

John Tyndall FRS (/ˈtɪndəl/; 2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was a prominent
19th-century Irish physicist. His scientific fame arose in the 1850s from his study
of diamagnetism. Later he made discoveries in the realms of infrared radiation and the
physical properties of air, proving the connection between atmospheric CO2 and what is now
known as the greenhouse effect in 1859.
Tyndall also published more than a dozen science books which brought state-of-the-
art 19th century experimental physics to a wide audience. From 1853 to 1887 he was
professor of physics at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London. He was elected as a
member to the American Philosophical Society in 1868.
Tyndall did not marry until age 55. His bride, Louisa Hamilton, was the 30-year-old
daughter of a member of parliament (Lord Claud Hamilton, M.P.). The following year, 1877,
they built a summer chalet at Belalp in the Swiss Alps. Before getting married Tyndall had
been living for many years in an upstairs apartment at the Royal Institution and continued
living there after marriage until 1885 when a move was made to a house near Haslemere 45
miles southwest of London. The marriage was a happy one and without children. He retired
from the Royal Institution at age 66 having complaints of ill health.[citation needed]
Tyndall became financially well-off from sales of his popular books and fees from his
lectures (but there is no evidence that he owned commercial patents). For many years he got
non-trivial payments for being a part-time scientific advisor to a couple of quasi-
governmental agencies and partly donated the payments to charity. His successful lecture tour
of the United States in 1872 netted him a substantial amount of dollars, all of which he
promptly donated to a trustee for fostering science in America.[75] Late in life his money
donations went most visibly to the Irish Unionist political cause.[76] When he died, his
wealth was £22,122.[77] For comparison's sake, the income of a police constable in London
was about £80 per year at the time.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyndall

Svante August Arrhenius

Svante August Arrhenius (/əˈriːniəs, əˈreɪniəs/ ə-REE-nee-əs, -RAY-,[1]

[2] Swedish: [ˈsvânːtɛ aˈrěːnɪɵs]; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was
a Swedish scientist. Originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, Arrhenius was
one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. He received the Nobel Prize for
Chemistry in 1903, becoming the first Swedish Nobel laureate. In 1905, he became the
director of the Nobel Institute, where he remained until his death.[3]
Arrhenius was the first to use the principles of physical chemistry to estimate the
extent to which increases in the atmospheric carbon dioxide are responsible for the Earth's
increasing surface temperature. His work played an important role in the emergence of
modern climate science.[4] In the 1960s, Charles David Keeling reliably measured the level
of carbon dioxide present in the air showing it was increasing and that, according to the
greenhouse hypothesis, it was sufficient to cause significant global warming.[5]
 The Arrhenius equation, Arrhenius acid, Arrhenius
base, lunar crater Arrhenius, Martian crater Arrhenius,[6] the mountain of Arrheniusfjellet,
and the Arrhenius Labs at Stockholm University were so named to commemorate his
contributions to science.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius