’Globally, energy is undergoing a period of

significant transition. Policy makers and

Industry are having to start to make
decisions over what the future of energy
system will look like and how climate
mitigation targets can be met whilst
ensuring that an incredibly rich and diverse
tapestry of energy needs is met’’

TECHNICAL REPORT
LPG SWITCHING PROGRAMME

Freda Murungi
 NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION OF KENYA

PROJECT TITLE: NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE PROJECT NOC/LPG/NPS-001

LPG SWITCHING PROGRAMME NUMBER:
‘COOKING FOR LIFE’

SCOPING WORKS
PROJECT  National Police Service College DATE 22ND NOV 2019
PARTCIPANTS: Embakasi ‘A’ & ‘B’ SUBMITTED:
 National Police Service College
Kiganjo Campus
 National Police Service Senior
Staff College Emali
 National Police Service Senior
Staff College Loresho
 Border Police Unit/Critical
Infrastructure Protection Unit
Athi River
 Anti-Stock Theft Unit Gilgil
REPORTING 31st October – 12th November, 2019 REPORT 1
PERIOD: NUMBER:
INVOICE TO NONE
NPS

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 3
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 4
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION............................................................................................................ 5
2.1. RESULTS......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.1. NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE - EMBAKASI (GENERAL SERVICE UNIT CAMPUS ‘B’) ......................... 5
2.1.2. NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE COLLEGE - EMBAKASI (APTC CAMPUS ‘A’) ....................................... 6
2.1.3. NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE SENIOR STAFF COLLEGE - LORESHO ................................................. 7
2.1.4. NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE COLLEGE - KIGANJO CAMPUS ........................................................... 7
2.1.5. NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE COLLEGE - EMALI .............................................................................. 8
2.1.6. BORDER POLICE UNIT/CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION UNIT - KITUI ........................... 9
2.1.7. ANTI-STOCK THEFT UNIT - GILGIL ............................................................................................... 10
2.2. DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................................................................... 10
3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 11
4. APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................ 11
4.1. APPENDIX ‘A’: .............................................................................................................................. 12
4.1.1. NPSSSC EMBAKASI CAMPUS A - APTC ........................................................................................ 12
4.1.2. CAMPUS B – GSU ........................................................................................................................ 14
4.1.3. NPSSSC LORESHO ........................................................................................................................ 15
4.1.4. ASTU – GILGIL.............................................................................................................................. 16
4.1.4.1. Officers’ Mess ............................................................................................................................. 16
4.1.4.2. Training Campus Kitchen ............................................................................................................ 17
4.1.5. BORDER POLICE UNIT – KITUI ..................................................................................................... 18
4.1.5.1. Headquarter Camp...................................................................................................................... 18
4.1.5.2. Musingi Camp ............................................................................................................................. 19
4.1.5.3. Border Police Training Main Campus.......................................................................................... 20
4.1.5.4. Border Police Training Regional Center ...................................................................................... 20
4.1.5.5. Marania Camp ............................................................................................................................. 21
4.1.6. NPSSSC EMALI CAMPUS .............................................................................................................. 22
4.1.6.1. Guest Kitchen .............................................................................................................................. 22
4.1.6.2. Main Kitchen ............................................................................................................................... 23
4.1.7. NPSSSC KIGANJO ......................................................................................................................... 24
4.2. APPENDIX ‘B’: .............................................................................................................................. 27

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In Kenya, cooking is typified by wood and charcoal, they are a barrier to economic progress and
a major source of illness. National Oil has recognized this and is prompting a revolution in energy
use that is already underway. Part of this involves a massive shift from cooking with wood and
other forms of biomass to cooking with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).

Of all the modern fuels available today, LPG, which consists mainly of propane and butane, is
particularly well suited to cooking and heating uses because of its clean-burning attributes and
practical advantages over both solid fuels and kerosene. In particular, it is more convenient, safer
and cleaner. It is also highly portable and has a high calorific value. LPG contributes towards the
Big Four Agenda, Sustainable Development Goals and supplements the tree planting policy in the
effort of afforestation. Switching from solid fuels to LPG can, therefore, bring considerable health,
developmental, economic and environmental benefits.

National Oil identified the National Police Service as a champion in the LPG switching program
dubbed ‘Cooking for Life’ which will see all the services under the Police Service transitioning from
the use of biomass (harvested firewood and/or charcoal) to the use of LPG.

National Oil presented to the National Police Service the mechanics of such a programme and
the Police Service found it necessary for National Oil to carry out site visits of various identified
police institutions. The site visits were to assist in completing a need analysis and preparation of
a technical proposal for consideration by the Inspector General of Police.

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1. INTRODUCTION

The site visits/scoping works were completed. A total of seven (7) police institutions were visited.
The purpose of the site visits was to ascertain:
a) Existing cooking energy demand patterns;
b) Current market cost of the fuel alternatives/competing fuels (firewood, charcoal, diesel);
c) Relative cost of shifting from the current fuel used to bulk LPG;
d) Current suppliers;
e) Pre-installation checks e.g. site layout, safety requirements, routing of pipework et cetera;
and
f) The willingness to shift from current fuel used to LPG.
Pictures of the sites visited are annexed in Appendix A and the Bill of Quantities (BoQs) in Appendix
B.

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2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

2.1. RESULTS

2.1.1. NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE - EMBAKASI (GENERAL SERVICE UNIT

CAMPUS ‘B’)

ITEM DESCRIPTION
Approximate population at full capacity 2500 pax
WOOD FUEL Cooking fuel currently in use
Source Through a procured supplier
Kitchen 1: 19 firewood ‘Jikos’
Kitchen 2: 5 boilers, 2 LPG burners and 3 warmers
Buildings at the dining area.

Recruit messes: Old 2T aboveground LPG tank not

in use for 15 yrs. There are 5 kitchens at the recruit
messes and all use firewood with each having 8
firewood boilers)
Current consumption 800 MT/3 months ≈ 267 MT/month
Contract price (Kshs) 5,000/MT
Total Cost on wood fuel/month (Kshs) 1,335,000.00 A

LPG
Installation costs (Kshs) (details in appendix B) 1,911,274.00

Total Cost on LPG refill/month @ approx.

Kshs 125/kg for 3000 kgs 375,000.00 B

Total Cost Savings (A-B) (Kshs) 960,000.00

%ge Savings ( (A-B)/A) * 100 71.90%
Table 1: NPS Embakasi (GSU Campus B)

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 2.1.2. NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE COLLEGE - EMBAKASI (APTC
CAMPUS ‘A’)

ITEM DESCRIPTION
Approximate population at full capacity >4000 pax
WOOD FUEL/FIREWOOD Cooking fuel currently in use
Source Through a procured supplier

Kitchen 1: 1 x 4 burner electrical,2 x 4 burner

LPG cookers (1 in use and the second not in use)
Kitchen 2: 1 x 4 burner LPG cooker not in use
Buildings but in serviceable condition

Kitchen 3: firewood

Kitchen 4: Firewood but decommissioned

Recruit messes: there is an existing 2T
aboveground LPG tank that has not been in use
for 15 yrs,there are 5 kitchens all using firewood
with each carrying 8 firewood boilers

Existing aboveground 1 x 1MT LPG tank, with

existing G.I pipework (not appropriate for LPG).
Current consumption APTC rate it as 3kg of firewood /person/day
approx. 12MT/day ≈ 360MT/month
Contract price (Kshs) 4,500/MT
Total Cost on wood fuel/month (Kshs) 1,620,000.00 A

LPG
Installation costs (Kshs) (details in appendix B) 1,911,274.00

Total Cost on LPG refill/month @ approx.

Kshs 125/kg for 2000 kgs 250,000.00 B

Total Cost Savings (A-B) (Kshs) 1,370,000.00

%ge Savings ( (A-B)/A) * 100 84.57%
Table 2: NPS College Embakasi (APTC Campus A)

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 2.1.3. NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE SENIOR STAFF COLLEGE – LORESHO

This college has a capacity of thirty-eight (38no.) people, but have a maximum of twenty-four
(24no.) at any particular time. They are on 100% LPG. There is an existing tank that was last
tested on 15th October, 2011 therefore due for revalidation.
The kitchen has 2no. 4 burner LPG cooker and 1 No. 5 burner LPG Cooker.
Loresho has 2x9Kg foam fire extinguishers for the LPG installation, these need to be changed to
2x9Kg Dry Powder fire extinguishers which are the right type for LPG.
In Appendix B, a quotation for replacing the tank has been included for consideration.
2.1.4. NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE COLLEGE - KIGANJO CAMPUS

ITEM DESCRIPTION
Approximate population at full capacity could not ascertain
WOOD FUEL/FIREWOOD Use wood fuel and LPG
Source Through a procured supplier
Kitchen 1: 2 x 6 LPG burner
Kitchen 2: firewood @ 2MT/day and charcoal@
Buildings 8 x 70kg bags/week.

C- Mess: firewood@ 8 MT/day

B-mess: Firewood@5M/day approx.20MT/month

and LPG 1x1MT aboveground LPG tank (Afrigas)
firewood @300MT/month and charcoal 32
Current consumption bags/month
Contract price (Kshs) 6,500/MT for firewood and 2,400/bag for charcoal
Total Cost on wood fuel and charcoal/month
(Kshs) 2,026,800.00 A

LPG
Installation costs (Kshs) (details in appendix B) 3,373,396.00

Total Cost on LPG refill/month @ approx.

Kshs 125/kg for 6000 kgs 750,000.00 B

Total Cost Savings (A-B) (Kshs) 1,276,800.00

%ge Savings ( (A-B)/A) * 100 63.00%

*Does not include decommissioning the already existing LPG tanks

Table 3: NPS College (Kiganjo Campus A)

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 2.1.5. NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE COLLEGE - EMALI

ITEM DESCRIPTION
Approximate population at full capacity 200pax
WOOD FUEL/FIREWOOD Electicity,lpg and wood fuel
Source Through a procured supplier
Guest Kitchen: 2 electric burner cooker

Main Kitchen: 4 burner LPG cooker,3 firewood cookers and

Buildings a 13kg Totalgas cylinder
Current consumption 4MT/month firewood
Contract price (Kshs) Harvested wood fuel
LPG
Installation costs (Kshs) (details in
appendix B) 1,222,431.20

Total Cost on LPG refill/month @

approx. Kshs 125/kg for 2000 kgs 250,000.00

*Remarks: the 13kg cylinder is refilled frequently, therefore NOC recommends a tank for well-
planned refills.
Table 4: NPS College (Emali)

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 2.1.6. BORDER POLICE UNIT/CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION
UNIT - KITUI

ITEM DESCRIPTION
WOOD FUEL/FIREWOOD They use both wood fuel and LPG (Afrigas and Totalgas)
Source Through a procured supplier

headquarter camp: 300 pax, consumption of wood fuel ≈

2.5MT/week i.e. approx. 10MT/month
Musingi camp: 130 pax, consumption of wood fuel @
Buildings 4MT/month
Border Police training camp main campus: 400 pax,
consumption of wood fuel @ 8MT/month and a 45kg afrigas
cylinder

Regional center : 100 pax and 13kg Total cylinder

Marania Camp: 130 pax,woodfuel@ 4MT/month

Tseikuru Camp: 300 pax,woodfuel@ 20MT/month

Contract price (Kshs) harvested wood fuel form the nearby forest
Total Cost on wood fuel/month (Kshs) 0.00

LPG
Installation costs (Kshs) (details in
Appendix B) 5,666,460.80

Total Cost on LPG refill/month @

approx. Kshs 125/kg for 10,000 kgs 1,250,000.00

*These camps are far apart and need bulk tanks as outlined in the BoQ to mitigate the
challenges of refilling with LPG
Table 5: Border Police Unit (Critical Infrastructure Protection Unit, Kitui)

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 2.1.7. ANTI-STOCK THEFT UNIT - GILGIL

ITEM DESCRIPTION
Approximate population at full capacity 400 pax
WOOD FUEL/FIREWOOD Cooking fuel currently in use and LPG in cylinders
Source Through a procured supplier
Kitchen 1 officers mess: 1 x 2 burner LPG burner

Buildings Kitchen 2 training campus kitchen: 4 firewood burners

Current consumption 7 MT of wood fuel/month
Contract price (Kshs) harvested wood fuel
Total Cost on wood fuel/month (Kshs) None

LPG
Installation costs (Kshs) (details in appendix B) 1,703,947.20

Total Cost on LPG refill/6 months @

approx. Kshs 125/kg for 3000 kgs 375,000.00

* Tanks were considered for each kitchen because of the logistics involved while refilling
Table 6: Anti-Stock Theft Unit (Gilgil)

2.2. DISCUSSIONS

a) The Police institutions need LPG burners/cookers since what most have are firewood
burners.
b) The ones that have already existing LPG burners, need fabrication of larger ones that can
cook Ugali and Githeri.
c) The police institutions that are further away from Nairobi would be best suited having
tanks to ease the coordination and logistics of refills.
d) ASTU, Emali and Kitui cited the challenges in harvesting wood fuel due to scarcity.
e) The firewood burners have to be kept on throughout the day because of challenges of
starting the fire once it is put off. The time taken to split the logs of firewood is significant
up to the range of 30 minutes per log.
f) The cooking dynamics are also cumbersome with some institutions reporting cooking
shifts that start at 0400Hrs and end at 2200Hrs.
g) The time taken to clean the utensils and ‘sufurias’ that are soot laden is also significant.

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 h) APTC Embakasi noted the maintenance costs that go into painting the Kitchen walls often
due to the smoke and soot emitted by the burning firewood.
i) All the institutions had set aside a significant portion of land to store the firewood, space
that would otherwise be used for other purposes.
j) Each batch of firewood supplied had a substantial amount that could not be used as
firewood and was therefore set aside as waste.
k) Exposure of the Kitchen staff to the smoke was quite significant and the extended periods
of time they spent exposed to the smoke.

3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Below is the summary captured in Table 7, 8 and 9:
MONTHLY
AMOUNT OF AMOUNT MONTHLY
UNIT COST OF AVG COST SAVINGS
INSTITUTION FIREWOOD OF LPG %GE
COST/MT FIREWOOD OF LPG/KG (WOOD Vs
(MT/MONTH) (KGS) SAVINGS
LPG)
NPSSSC CAMPUS A 360 4,500.00 1,620,000.00 2000 250,000.00 1,370,000.00 84.57%
NPSSSC CAMPUS B 267 5,000.00 1,335,000.00 3000 375,000.00 960,000.00 71.91%
NPSSSC EMALI 4 harvested harvested 2000 250,000.00
NPSSSC KIGANJO 300 6,756.00 2,026,800.00 6000 750,000.00 1,276,800.00 63.00%
BPU ATHI RIVER/KITUI 42 harvested harvested 10000 1,250,000.00
ANTI STOCK THEFT
7 harvested harvested 3000 375,000.00
GILGIL
TOTAL 980 0.00 26000 3,250,000.00 3,606,800.00
Table 7: Comparisons of current NPS expenditure on Wood Fuel vis-à-vis savings upon switch to LPG
INSTITUTION COST OF INSTALLATION (KSHS)
NPSSSC CAMPUS A & B 3,822,548.00
NPSSSC EMALI 1,222,431.20
NPSSSC KIGANJO 3,373,396.00
BPU ATHI RIVER/KITUI 5,666,460.80
ANTI STOCK THEFT GILGIL 1,703,947.00
SUM - TOTAL (Incl. of 16% V.A.T) 15,788,783.00
Table 8: Summary costings for LPG Installations at NPS sites

QUANTITY OF LPG UNIT COST (Incl. COST OF LPG

INSTITUTION
BURNERS 16% V.A.T) BURNERS

ASTU 3 121,452.00 364,356.00

NPSSSC EMALI SNR STAFF MESS 2 121,452.00 242,904.00
NPSSSC CAMPUS A 8 121,452.00 971,616.00
NPSSSC CAMPUS B 8 121,452.00 971,616.00
BORDER POLICE TSEIKURU 3 121,452.00 364,356.00
BORDER POLICE HQ MESS 2 121,452.00 242,904.00
BORDER POLICE REGIONAL MESS 2 121,452.00 242,904.00
BORDER POLICE TRAINING CAMP 1 121,452.00 121,452.00
BORDER POLICE MARANIA 1 121,452.00 121,452.00
BORDER POLICE MUSINGI 1 121,452.00 121,452.00
NPSSSC KIGANJO 6 121,452.00 728,712.00
TOTAL 4,493,724.00
Table 9: Summary costings of the LPG burners
Total Cost of switching from wood fuel to LPG for the above Police institutions will be Kshs.
20,282,507.00 (inclusive of 16% V.A.T) i.e. LPG tanks,pipes,fittings and burners supply & installation.

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4. APPENDICES

4.1. APPENDIX ‘A’:

4.1.1. NPSSSC EMBAKASI CAMPUS A - APTC

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Page 13 of 27
4.1.2. CAMPUS B – GSU

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4.1.3. NPSSSC LORESHO

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4.1.4. ASTU – GILGIL

4.1.4.1. Officers’ Mess

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4.1.4.2. Training Campus Kitchen

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4.1.5. BORDER POLICE UNIT – KITUI

4.1.5.1. Headquarter Camp

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4.1.5.2. Musingi Camp

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4.1.5.3. Border Police Training Main Campus

4.1.5.4. Border Police Training Regional Center

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4.1.5.5. Marania Camp

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4.1.6. NPSSSC EMALI CAMPUS
4.1.6.1. Guest Kitchen

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4.1.6.2. Main Kitchen

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4.1.7. NPSSSC KIGANJO

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Page 25 of 27
Page 26 of 27
 4.2. APPENDIX ‘B’:

Bills of Quantities are attached hereto:

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