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VOLUMES AND PRESSURE

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CHANGES DURING CARDIAC
CYCLE
Pressure Changes During Cardiac Cycle (00:00:10)

1. Right atria pressure = JVP (no valve) also central venous pressure
Normal: 0-5 mmHg (receive blood from veins (40 mm Hg)
or
0-8 cm H2O
(1 mm Hg = 1.36 cm H2O)
2. Left atrial pressure: Close to PCWP (Pulmonary capillary Wedge pressure)
→→ If ↑PCWP: >25 mm Hg fluid leaks out = Pulmonary edema
→→ Normal Left atrial Pressures = 5-10 mm Hg

Systole (120) (25) Systole

Left ventricle Right ventricle

3.
Diastole O O Diastole

Filling occur when AV valve open

↓
Ventricular Pressure <Atrial Pressure

End Diastole
Student’s Space
→→ The pressure is increased upto 10-14 mm Hg

Volume Changes During Cardiac Cycle (00:20:54)

1. End Diastolic Volume (EDV) → Normal 130-140 ml

→→ It is blood filled in verticles at the end of diastole
→→ It depends on ventricular compliance (stretching
ability) and blood coming back to heart called as
venous Return
2. Stroke volume
→→ Normal = 70- 80 ml
→→ It is amount of blood pumped by ventricle per beat.
3. Ejection fraction
→→ It is percentage of blood pumped by ventricle per
beat
 2
Stroke volume Please Note
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EF = × 100
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End diastolic volume All rights are reserved. These notes are the copyright of Nursing
Normal = 65% Next Live. Reproduction of these notes in any form or any means
electronic or mechanical including, screenshot, photocopying,
→→ It is best indicator of efficiency and ventricular printout, scanning, or circulating and sharing by any means
pumping failure (in ECHO) electronic like emailing, WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook,
Instagram and by any mechanical means will be treated as
→→ Ejection fraction <40-45% indicates ventricular violation of Copyright Act. Sharing or circulating these Notes
in any form, directly or indirectly, is a punishable offence. The
failure offender will be prosecuted.
3. End systolic volume (ESV)
→→ It is blood left in ventricle at end of systole
→→ ESV = EDV - SV
Normal 40-50 ml

Student’s Space