Pronunciation Manual by Teacher Justin

Organs of Speech
Compiled By: T. Justin Mangaoang

The function of human speech organs
1. Lips- Lips form different shapes, such as an oval, and movements in order to
make different sounds.
2. Teeth - Sounds can be formed by using the teeth to shape the lips, in
combination with the tongue, or to block air from escaping the mouth.
3. Tongue - The tongue moves throughout the mouth and with many of the other
organs, as well as making shapes like the lips, in order to formulate speech.
4. Uvula - The uvula is used to make guttural sounds. It helps to make nasal
consonants by stopping air from moving through the nose
5. Glottis - The glottis is used in controlling the vibration made by the vocal chords,
in order to make different sounds.
6. Alveolar Ridge - The alveolar ridge helps us to make different sounds, known as
alveolar sounds, the tongue touches the ridges found on this organ.
7. Hard Palate - Hard palate, like the alveolar ridge, is the organ of speech where
the tongue touches and taps the palate when articulating speech.
8. Velum (Soft Palate) - The movable velum can retract and elevate in order to
separate the mouth from the nasal cavity, helping to make speech less nasally.
When the tongue hits the velum, it also makes a special sound called the velar
consonant

Table of Consonant
Mode of Production / Place of Keywords

Viceless Voiced
Manner of Articulation Articulation
Plosives or stops p b bilabial pin bin
t d alveolar tin din
k g velar cap gap
Fricatives - w bilabial - west
f v labio-dental fan van
θ ð intra-dental thin then
s z alveolar sue zoo
- l alveolar leaf
- r alveolar red
ʃ/š Ӡ/ž alveo palatal shoe measure
- J/y palatal yes
h - glottal hat
Affricates tʃ / ǰ dʒ / č alveo palatal chew jew
Nasals m bilabial man
n alveolar name
ŋ velar song
Manner of Articulation

1. Stops or plosives
The manner of articulation of stop or plosive sounds is produced by

complete ‘stopping’ of the airstream and let it go abruptly.
2. Fricatives
The manner of articulation of stop or plosive sounds is produced by almost

blocking the airstream and pushing the air through a narrow opening. By pushing
the air through, a type of friction is produced and the produced sounds are called
fricatives. If you for example put your palm in front of your mouth when
producing fricative sounds, you feel the stream of air being pushed out.
3. Affricates
The manner of articulation of affricate sounds is produced by a brief

stopping followed by an obstructed release which results in some friction.
4. Nasals
The manner of articulation of nasal sounds is produced by lowering the

velum and following the airstream to flow out through the nose to produce nasal
sound
Place of articulation
1. Bilabials - Bilabials are produced through upper and lower lips.

2. Labiodentals - Labiodental sounds are produced through the upper teeth and
the lower lip.
3. Dentals - Dental sound is produced by placing the tongue tip behind the upper
front teeth.
4. Interdental or intra-dental - is sometimes applied to describe a manner of
pronunciation with the tongue tip between the upper and lower teeth.
5. Alveolar - Alveolar sound is produced through the front part of the tongue placed
on the alveolar ridge.
6. Alveo-palatals - These are produced by placing the tongue at the very front of
the palate, which is near the alveolar ridge.

7. Velars - The production of velar sound is done by placing the back of the tongue
against the velum
8. Glottal - This is produced without the active of the tongue and other parts of the
mouth. This sound is produced in the glottis- a space between the vocal cords
and the larynx
Voiced and Voiceless Sounds

What is Voiced Sound?
A simple explanation of voiced consonants is that they use the voice. This is
easy to test by putting your finger on your throat. If you feel a vibration the consonant is
voiced. Here is a list of some voiced consonants. Pronounce each consonant sound
(not the letter) and feel the vibration of your vocal chords.
● B
● D
● Th (Then)
● V
● L
● R
● Z
● J (Jane)
What is Voiceless?
Voiceless consonants do not use the voice. They are percussive and use hard
sounds. Once again, you can test if a consonant is voiceless by putting your finger
on your throat. You will feel no vibration in your throat, just a short explosion of air
as you pronounce. Pronounce each of these consonant sounds and feel NO
vibration in your throat.
● P
● T
● K

● S
● Sh
● Ch
● Th (Thing)
Some Consonants Voiced, but are Voiceless
When consonants are put in groups they can change the voiced or voiceless quality of
the consonant that follows. A great example of this is the past simple form of regular
verbs. As you know, regular verbs add -ed to the end of the verb in the past simple.
play - played
wash - washed
live - lived etc.
These past simple verbs all end in '-ed'. However, some of the verbs are pronounced
with a voiceless 't' sound and some are pronounced with the voiced 'd' sound. Why?
Here are the rules:
● If -ed is preceded by a voiceless consonant sound (p, k, sh, etc.) -ed sounds as
a voiceless 't'. Remember that the 'e' is silent.
● If -ed is preceded by a voiced consonant sound (d, b, v, etc.) -ed sounds as a
voiced 'd'. Remember that the 'e' is silent.
● If -ed is preceded by a vowel sound (often 'ay') -ed sounds as a voiced 'd'
because vowels are always voiced. Remember that the 'e' is silent.
● Exception: If -ed is preceded by 't' pronounce a voiced -id. In this case, the 'e' is
pronounced.
Connected Speech
When speaking in sentences the ending consonant sounds can change based on the
following words. This is often referred to as 'connected speech'. Here is an example of
a change from a voiced 'b' in the word 'club' to a voiceless 'p' because of the voiced 't' of
'to' of the following word:

We went to the club to meet some friends.
Here is an example of a change from a voiced 'd' past simple verb changed to
voiceless 't':
We played tennis yesterday afternoon.
Exercise:
Take this list of words and decide if the final consonants are voiced or voiceless.
washed lived
traveled dreams
coats seats
gloves dropped
shells exchanged
watched globes
started phones
changed carts
books listened
wheels organized
Phonetic Symbols
A set of symbols used in phonetic transcription, having a separate symbol for
every speech sound that can be distinguished

Why do we need to study Phonetic Alphabet?
There are many sounds employed in human languages, but no one writing system has symbols
that represent all of these sounds.
1. Different letters may represent a single sound.

to too two shoe blue blew [u:]
2. A single letter may represent different sounds.

cake mad father law village many
[ei] [@] [a:] [o] [^] [e]
3. Some letters are silent.

psycholog
hour debt island whole ghost knife
y
4. Single letters sometimes correspond to two speech sounds.

fax cute
[ks] [ju]
5. Some sounds are pronounced but not spelled

uniform unicorn united [j]
6. Some sounds do not appear to be related at all to spelling

rough thorough through
[^f] [o:] [u:]
A phonetic alphabetic allows use to describe sounds
● in any language
● the way people say them
● without worrying about "proper" spelling

Consonant Sounds:
[p] Pen
How to make the sound
● Close your lips tight. Push air forward in your mouth. Then open lips
quickly. Do not use your voice.
Exercise One: Word Repetition
Beginning
pencil pizza pie
party pirate parade
pig pet park
pickle paint pass
pony peach past
penny picnic paid
penguin piano pear
parrot pants paw
point

Middle
diaper super depend
hippo octopus dustpan
apple soapy happy
teepee dripping paper
wallpaper teapot open
grasshopper typewriter napkin
zipper zookeeper napping
mopping copy toothpaste
sleeping
Ending
lamp checkup up
mop envelope pipe
soup hoop wrap
ship stop trap
sheep shop cap
tape ketchup top
asleep cup sweep
rope tape soap
pop

Exercise Two: Reading Text
Parker's Inventions
Parker made the coolest invention. It was called "Pizza in Your Pocket." It was a
plastic container shaped like a piece of pizza.
People could take a warm or cold piece of pizza, put it in their pocket, and take it
with them anywhere. He designed a special trap door that held napkins too, just in
case the pizza got messy.
He wanted to make more "Pocket" products that would let people take food with
them in their pocket.
He had ideas for "Pie in Your Pocket," "Pickle in Your Pocket," "Peaches and
Pears in your Pocket," and "Popcorn in Your Pocket." He really wanted to make
"Soup in Your Pocket," but that idea was going to be a little trickier.
He had the "Pizza in Your Pocket" product in many stores and shops. He was
happy that people liked it and hoped they wouldn't stop buying them.
Cooking Catastrophe
The entire room was dripping with syrup. Patty had just wanted pancakes for
breakfast, but nothing had gone right.
First, she accidentally put pepper instead of sugar in the pancake batter. Next, she
cooked the pancakes in a pot instead of a pan. Then, she spilled pancake batter
all over her pants. Finally, she put the syrup in the microwave for so long it
exploded.
"I am a poor cook," she thought. She grabbed a mop, some soap, paper towels,
and dustpan and began to clean and sweep everything up.
"Maybe I would have better luck with pie," she thought, mopping the floor.

Exercise Three: Tongue Twister
1. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
2. Pop bottles pop-bottles in pop shops;

The pop-bottles Pop bottles poor Pop drops.
When Pop drops pop-bottles, pop-bottlesplop;
When pop-bottles topple, Pop mops slop.
Exercise Four: Dialogue
Passports, Please
(Mr. and Mrs. Chapman are at the airport. They have just gotten off the plane
from Paris.)
Official: Passports, please.
Mr. Chapman: I think I’ve lost our passports, Pam
Mrs. Chapman: Oh, Peter How could you be so stupid? Didn’t you put them in
your pocket?

Mr. Chapman: (emptying his pockets) Here’s a pen… a pencil… a postcard… an
envelope… a stamp… a pin…
Mrs. Chapman: Oh, stop taking everything out of your pockets. You probably put
them in the plastic bag.
Mr. Chapman: (emptying the plastic bag) Here’s a newspaper… an apple… a

pear… a plastic cup… a spoon… some paper plates… a piece of
pie… some pepper… some presents…
Mrs. Chapman: Oh, stop pulling everything out of the plastic bag, Peter. These
people are getting impatient.
Mr. Chapman: Well, Help me, Pam
Mrs. Chapman: We’ve lost our passports. Perhaps we dropped them on the plane.
Official: Then let the other passengers pass, please.
Mr. Chapman: Pam, why don’t you help? You’re not being very helpful. Put the
things in the plastic bag.
Official: Your name, please?
Mr. Chapman: Chapman.
Official: Please go upstairs with this police officer, Mr. Chapman.
[f] Fat
● Touch the top of your teeth with your bottom lip. Blow out air between
your lip and your teeth.

Beginning
face five fall
farm fish fossil
feet foot fin
fur four feed
phone fork fan
fingers forest fence
fire feather fox
fudge fist
food fast
Middle
elephant coffee trophy
waffle breakfast golf ball
laughing campfire barefoot
office golfer playful
headphones alphabet goldfish
infant muffin buffalo
gopher sofa unfold
taffy lifeguard
dolphin traffic

Ending
calf laugh sheriff
cuff wolf stuff
cough safe golf
chief chef cliff
elf knife off
loaf hoof half
leaf giraffe shelf
roof wife
thief tough
Zoo Fire
There was a fire at the zoo last week. All of the animals lived, but an elephant,
giraffe, buffalo, and fox got out through a burnt fence.
The sheriff and the fire chief have their staff looking for them right now. They hope
the animals didn't run into the forest or fall off a cliff.
They heard the animals like the smell of coffee, breakfast, waffles, and muffins,
and may try to find the animals using these four things. They want to find the
animals fast.
Football Team
I have played football for five years now. This fall season is the first time we have
come close to winning a trophy. They will give us the trophy if we win the next
four games.

Our football team has started to practice for a half an hour each day, five days per
week. We eat a big, healthy breakfast and in our time off we learn football plays.
One day I thought I was coming down with a cough, but it went away. I was happy it
went away so fast because I want to play in our games.

3. The pool is full of fools.
4. Jeffrey plans to pick up a leaf for his faithful wife.
5. The professor professed that professional proficiency would be
preferred.
6. Fine gifts are difficult to find.
7. They failed to fulfill their promises to perform a perfect play.
8. Phoebe laughed at an awful photograph of her nephew’s falling of a
fence.
9. Definitely that pessimistic philosophy inflicted a sophisticated
philanthropist.
10. The fancy pants lapped, laughed, lept, and left.
11. Fire fighters are fighting painfully against forest fires.
12. Sophie sipped coffee and sifted files to find phenomenal facts.
Exercise Four: Minimal Pairs
Face Pace Suffer Supper Cuff Cup
Fill Pill Differ Dipper Chief Cheap
Fan Pan Refs Reps Cough Cop
Full Pull Coffer Copper Chaff Chap

Flop Plop Reefer Reaper Beef Beep
Fast Past Coughs Cops Laugh Lap
Fair Pair Left Leapt Puff Pup
Fail Pail Rife Ripe
File Pile Strife Stripe
Exercise Five: Dialogue

At the Photographer’s
Fred: I want a photograph of myself and my wife.
Photographer: Fill out this form, please. Would you prefer a front photograph or a
profile?
Fred: A front photograph, don’t you think, Fran?
Fran: Yes. Front
Photographer: Please sit on the sofa. Are you comfortable?
Fran: Yes. This is fine.
Photographer: Mr. Fuller, give a happy laugh.
Fred: That’s difficult. If you say something funny, I’ll laugh.
Photographer: And Mrs. Fuller, please look cheerful and friendly.
Fred: (laughs)
Fran: Finished?
Photographer: Yes.
Fred: Will the photograph be ready the first of February?
Photographer: Yes. Phone my office in five days.

Fred: Fine.
[b] Baby
● Close your lips tight. Push air forward in your mouth. Then open lips
quickly. Vibrate your vocal cords. This is a voiced sound.
Beginning
bug birthday busy
both bath butter
ball boat button
bed bottle boy
bee beard bus
berry bunny banana

bird bike bat
bear bag bean
bone
Middle
robot above rabbit
cheeseburger bobcat mailbox
baby cobweb grabbing
strawberries goodbye robin
ladybug habit rubber
cabin kickball alphabet
neighbor marbles peek-a-boo
about ribbon remember
Ending
crab bib tube
cub club shrub
web grab scrub
crib lab swab
ice cube rib cab
job rub cob (corn on the cob)
door knob sob

Bear Food
The bear was running after Brandon and he didn't know what to do. He found the
bear's cub on accident, but the bear didn't see it that way. He had tried to hide
behind a shrub but the bear found him.
He looked in his backpack only to find a stick of butter, a toy robot, some rubber
bands, a soda bottle, and a cheeseburger. He wondered what would get the
bear's attention and then he thought..."The cheeseburger!"
He grabbed the burger and began unwrapping it from the paper. He left the burger
on the ground, jumped on his bike, and rode away before the bear could find him.
Kickball Game
When it was bedtime I put my book back on the shelf. I went into the kitchen and
made myself a banana and bologna sandwich for school. Then I helped take the
bib off of my baby sister. I would need my energy for the kickball game in the
morning.
I was about to fall asleep when I remembered that I still needed to rub my lucky
rabbit foot. I laid in bed wishing that kickball could be my job. "Until somebody
makes it popular, nobody will be able to make kickball their job," I thought.
I was so busy thinking that I fell asleep.

1. Perry's Berry's make peanut butter better.
2. Buy pie pans before you buy butter plates.
3. Pat's bat played with Benny's penny.
4. Purely poor people need to perfect their power.
5. The prince and the pauper play ping pong poignantly.

6. Printed papers under pressure make pens prickle.
7. Pickles and pennies take proper preparation.
8. Ben's prefers pens to bought pots.
9. The poor boar pours batter over his putter.
10. Bob's pop popped primarily because of pointed pressure.
Bay Pay Bat Pat Bull Pull
Bear Pair Bear Pear But Putt

Butter Putter
Bet Pet Beer Pier
Lib Lip
Bill Pill Belt Pelt
Pub Pup
Bin Pin Berry Perry
Robe Rope
Bore Poor Bit Pit Tab Tap
Bought Port Blade Played Banned Panned
Cub Cup Bland Planned Bare Pare

Beak Peak
Band Panned Blank Plank
Base Pace Blaze Plays

Barbara’s Birthday
Barbara: Hi, Bob
Bob: Hi, Barbara. You seem very happy.
Barbara: (pause) well…. You know, today’s my birthday.
Bob: Oh, right. February 7th. Your birthday! Happy Birthday, Barbara!
Barbara: Thanks Bob. Look at this bracelet that Robin gave me. Isn’t it
beautiful?
Bob: Oh, it is. That’s a beautiful blouse, too. You look good in blue. Was
that a birthday present, too?
Barbara: Yes. And my mother gave me some paintbrushes and a book about
birds. And, uh, somebody bought me a cookbook.
Bob: Did your brother give you anything?
Barbara: Yes. He built some bookshelves for my bedroom.
Bob: I’m really sorry, Barbara, but I forgot all about your birthday. I’ve
been so busy with my job. And I’m terrible at remembering birthdays, anyway.
Barbara: Well, my birthday isn’t over yet…
Bob: Yeah! Let’s go out and celebrate. We can get a cab and go to that
new club.

[v] Van

● Touch the top of your teeth with your bottom lip. Blow out air between
your lip and your teeth. Then use your voice to make this sound.
Beginning
vest vowels voice
van visor vain
vine visit vault
vote village vanilla
vet violet video
vase volcano view
vacuum vegetables vent
valley volleyball
vampire violin
Middle
driveway carnival seventy
shaving envelope travel
seven beaver beverage

heavy advice invite
driver shiver Levi’s
clover river level
diver mover over
cover even
heaven gravy
Ending
glove drive remove
sleeve give shave
olive move cursive
dove save receive
cave stove expensive
love wave creative
five above talkative
beehive forgive
brave dive
Exercise Two: Reading Passage
A Little Rainbow of Her Own

Vegetables come in a large variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. My neighbor, Vi,
owns a vegetable farm. The farm belonged to her parents until they became too old
to work on it. Vi started farming when she was seven. She didn't know how much
she loved her vegetable farm until she tried something else.

For a few years, she saved her money to become a vet. She liked animals and
thought she would enjoy helping them. She volunteered at a veterinary clinic.
During her visit, she observed mostly nice animals, but some were very mean.
After this experience she was convinced that she wasn't brave enough to work as a
veterinarian. Besides, she liked the privacy she had while working on the farm.
Having and working on her own land gave her a strong sense of satisfaction. She
believed that she was part of her environment and that was her driving force to
grow the freshest vegetables in the valley.Vi was positive that her vegetable farm
was her own piece of heaven. She loved what she did and that was enough for her.
1. Blue blurry vines blind

2. Betty loves the velvet vest best
3. Barber baby bubbles and a bumblebee
4. Burnt base, vicious vase
5. Vivacious Val vacuumed Violet’s very vivid vehicle
6. The very wary warrior veered violently where the violets wound very wickedly.
7. River Liverpool runs rapidly round the wide lower valley area Rowley Rower.
8. Vincent the very vivacious vacuuming vampire visited Victor von Viking the
vegetarian veterinarian vacationing in Valentine Valley.
9. Seventy-seven benevolent elephants.
10. Elizabeth has eleven elves in her elm tree.
Ban Van Bow Vow
Bat Vat Bent Vent
Beer Veer Bury Very
Boat Vote Bow Vow
Bowl Vole Bane Vein
Best Vest Bat Vat
Bet Vet Beer Veer

A View of the Valley
Vivian: Has your family lived here for very long?
Victor: Five and a half years. We moved here on the first of November.
Vivian: You have a fantastic view.
Victor: Yes. I love living here.
Vivian: Look! You can see the village way down in the valley.
Victor: Yes. It’s a lovely view.
[tʃ] Chair

● First practice [t] and [ʃ]. Begin to make [t]. Then slowly move your tongue
away from the roof of your mouth as you say [ʃ].

Beginning
chair child cheeseburger
chat chick chili
chase chin chocolate
check cheetah chop
cheese checkers church
cheer cherry chalk
chest chicken cheap
chew children chipmunk

choose chore chapter
Middle
beach ball key chain pitcher
catcher matches teacher
crutches lunchbox statue
grandchild marching witches
hatching touchdown reaching
inches itching furniture
ketchup peaches high chair
kitchen picture temperature
Ending
beach march match
couch touch branch
bench speech ostrich
stretch wrench switch
pitch watch hatch
catch witch ranch
patch lunch coach
reach stretch
reach watch

Day at the Zoo

Our teacher, Ms. Child, is teaching us about the ostrich. We went to the zoo to
see an ostrich. We also saw a cheetah. There was a farm animal area where we
saw a chicken. I bought a key chain at the zoo, ate my lunch on a bench, and
shared some of it with a chipmunk. It was fun to watch all of the animals.
Our class let out a cheer when we saw the ostrich run. It was fast. I wanted to feed
the ostrich some chocolate, but the zookeeper said not to.
Hopscotch Challenge
In March, I took chalk and drew some squares to play hopscotch on. My friend
Chase and I wanted to play together. I drew the squares on the sidewalk close to the
church with the chicken statue.
I asked Chase to watch and check if the squares were in the right order. He told me
one of them was a few inches off. I told him that I moved them to miss a big tree
branch.
We started playing. I pounded my chest after beating him three times! I would still
cheer for him though.
1. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck

if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
He would chuck, he would, as much as he could,
and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would
if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
2. Two twisted witches watched two wrist watches.

If two witches watched two wrist watches,
Which witch would watch which watch?
Cheap, Choke Joke

Jeep
Cello Jell-O Cheep Chump Jump
Chain Jane Cheer Jeer
Char Jar Chew Jew Batch Badge
Chip Gyp Lunch Lunge
Choice Joyce

March Marge Rich Reach
Match Madge Search Serge
At the Butcher Shop
Butcher: Good Morning, Ms. Chan. What can I get you today?
Ms. Chan: Good Morning, Mr. Church. I’d like some lamb chops for the
children’s lunch.
Butcher: Shoulder chops, Ms. Chan?
Ms. Chan: Yes. I’ll take four shoulder chops and I’d like a small chicken.
Butcher: Would you like to choose a chicken?
Ms. Chan: Which one is the cheaper?
Butcher: This one’s the cheapest.
Ms. Chan: How much is all that? I don’t have much cash. Can I give you a
check?
Butcher: Yes, of course, Ms. Chan.
[t] Tea

● Put the front of your tongue behind your top teeth. Your tongue should
not touch your teeth. Push air forward in your mouth. Then move your
tongue away. Do not use your voice.
Beginning
teeth tire toast

toy tooth taste
teacher toe tub
two talk touch
toad towel top
tiger turtle tongue
turkey team time
taco take
tool tall
Middle
button (Hard "T" sound, butter
can sound like "d"
guitar sound, depending on little
how you say it)
kitten butterfly
beauty
mittens tomato
better
potato biting
city
eighteen Saturday
Ending
bat coat cut
boat light cute
cat nut feet
fruit chocolate get
goat eat sit
hat bite right

not hot white
late hat
kite wet
Teaching Dreams
When I get older I want to be a teacher. It has to be the coolest job in the world.
The trouble is that I want to teach every subject. There are so many things to
teach about and I don't think schools will let teachers teach about everything.
So far my list of things I want to teach about include: Jupiter and planets, writing
fairy tales, growing potatoes and tomatoes, playing tennis, boat safety, and
working in a hospital. Last week our class learned about alligators - this made me
want to teach about animals. Then this week, I have learned about tools and
building and that makes me want to teach about construction.
My mom also asked me if I would like to learn to play the guitar a few days ago.
"Of course I do. I want to learn everything so I can teach anything," I said. I tell my
parents about how cool teaching is all the time. They won't tell me, but I think
they get tired hearing about all of the different things I want to teach about.
They tell me I should definitely become a teacher if I love it so much. My plan is to
teach high school classes in six different subject areas. I am starting to prepare
now by learning as much as I can. I read a ton. I do a lot of interviewing too.
Asking people what they do has taught me so much about things I can teach.
1. Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.

2. Two tried and true tridents
3. Two Truckee truckers truculently truckling to have truck to truck two trucks of
truck.
4. Three twigs twined tightly.

5. Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs.
6. Twirling the twine that untwisted between,
He twirls, with his twister, the two in a twine;
Then twice having twisted the twines of the twine,
He twitched the twice he had twined in twain.
7. Two toads totally tired.
8. The two-twenty-two train tore through the tunnel.
9. Mr. Tongue Twister tried to train his tongue to twist and turn, and twit and twat
to learn the letter T.
10. Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.
Catch Cat Coach Coat Chop Top
Ouch Out Each Eat Chore Tour
Watch What Hatch Hat Churn Turn
Beach Beat Match Mat Itch It
Cheese Tease Starch Start Much Mutt
Chest Test Torch Taught Notch Not
Chew Two Bench Bent Peach Peat
Child Tiled Chair Tear Rich Writ
Chip Tip Chew Too Roach Wrote
Choose Twos Chill Till Teach Teat
Chose Toes Chime Time Touch Tut
Chin Tin Which Wit

In a Department Store
Teenage Girl: I want to buy a hat.
Salesperson: Hats are downstairs on the first floor.
Tall Woman: I’d like to buy a skirt.
Salesperson: Skirts are in the sportswear department, to your left.
Student: Where can I get a typewriter?
Salesperson: Take the elevator to the tenth floor.
Short man: Where would I find ties?
Salesperson: The men’s department is straight ahead.
Fat man: Where can I get a hot meal?
Salesperson: There’s a cafeteria on the thirteenth floor.
Little girl: Could you tell me where the toy department is?
Salesperson: Certainly. It’s upstairs on the next floor.
Tall man: I want to return this sweater. It’s too tight.
Salesperson: The returns department is on the top floor, next to the cafeteria.
Short woman: I want to buy some towels.
Salesperson: Take the stairs down to the basement.
Teenage boy: Where can I get a tennis racket?
Salesperson: Try the sporting goods department, on the twelfth floor.

Twins: Could you tell us what time, please?
Salesperson: Yes. It’s exactly twenty-two minutes after ten.
[d] Door

● Put the front of your tongue behind your top teeth. Your tongue should
not touch your teeth. Push air forward in your mouth. Then move your
tongue away. Vibrate your vocal cords.
Beginning
dad dance dinner
dark desk down
day dish dig
dime dog dove
do doll dear
done duck does
dust door date
dot dentist
dive doctor
Middle

medicine body ready
ladder kindergarten shadow
radio birthday Tuesday
reading riding louder
wedding Thursday hidden
lady baby doll hiding
spider calendar speeding
daddy Canada
feeding idea
Ending
food dad read
hand cried wood
mud glad sad
bed grade ride
sand good red
add hide played
bad kid side
bread loud
did mad
Dangerous Driver
We were riding down the road in our car when suddenly another car went
speeding past us.

My friend Dave was driving and he got mad. His face turned red and he said,
"That is really dangerous!"
The road came to a dead end and the car turned around. Dave waved his hand
to stop the car. He rolled down his window and said, "Your speeding is
dangerous to you and me. Please don't do it!"
The man in the other car apologized and said he would slow down in the future.
No More Sugar
Dad was sad to go to his dentist appointment on Tuesday.
He loved to eat pudding and doughnuts. The sugar is bad for his teeth. He was
sad because Tuesday was his birthday and we were having a party with all his
favorite food.
After going to the dentist, dad sat down at his desk to do some reading. "I guess I
will cut down how many doughnuts I eat," he said.
1. Do drop in at the Dewdrop Inn.
2. How much dew could a dewdrop drop if a dewdrop did drop dew?
3. When a doctor gets sick and another doctor doctors him, does the doctor
doing the doctoring have to doctor the doctor the way the doctor being
doctored wants to be doctored, or does the doctor doing the doctoring of the
doctor doctor the doctor as he wants to do the doctoring?
4. My dame had a lame, tame crane;
My dame had a lame, tame crane.
Oh, pray, gentle Jane, Let my dame's lame crane
Pray drink and come home again.
5. A maid with a duster
made a furious bluster
dusting a bust in the hall.
When the bust it was dusted

The bust it was busted,
The bust it was dust, that's all
Tie Die Ten Den Teal Deal
Ton Done Tide Dyed Team Deem
Touch Dutch Tip Dip Tech Deck
Train Drain Torn Dawn Teen Dean
Try Dry Tame Dame Tent Dent
Tear Dear Tart Dart Tide Died

A Missed Date
Debbie: Hello.
Donald: Hello, Debbie? This is Donald.
Debbie: Oh, hi, Donald
Donald: What happened yesterday? You forgot our date, didn’t you?
Debbie: Well, it rained hard all day and I had a bad cold, so I decided to stay
home.
Donald: You did? But I tried to call you at least twenty times and nobody
answered.
Debbie: Oh, telephone line were damaged by the storm. They repaired
them today.
Donald: What did David do yesterday? Did he and Judy go dancing?

Debbie: No. They stayed home and played cards with the children.
Donald: And what did you do? Did you play cards too?
Debbie: No. I listened to records and studied. What did you do yesterday,
Donald?
Donald: I just told you, Debbie. I tried to call you twenty times!
[dƷ] Jam
● Try making the [Ʒ] (zh sound) with a [d] in front of it. The tip of the
tongue touches the tooth ridge.
Beginning
germs jar jeans
jam jaw jet

job Jo giant
jog Jake jelly
joke Jess journal
joy Josh juggle
juice John jungle
just Joan
jump James
Middle
agent pigeon reject
badger project longitude
cages soldier register
edges subject suggestion
high jump urgent vegetables
magic imagine apologize
major educate intelligent
object manager
pages oxygen
Ending
age fudge ridge
bridge huge stage
cage judge wage
edge page cabbage

college knowledge postage
courage language sausage
damage marriage storage
garbage old age
image package
Jerry the Juggler

Jerry the giant liked to juggle and do magic. His favorite thing to juggle was jelly
beans. This was hard to do with giant hands, but Jerry liked the challenge.
His favorite trick was to make his jacket disappear, and then re-appear, with a jar
full of jam in it.
He had performed his juggling and magic show in strange places. One was at a
sausage festival in Egypt. Another was at a college for pigeons.
He really wanted to perform on stage in his local village, but he was too afraid the
village people would reject him.
My Favorite Jeans
I have written more than 500 pages in my journal. I write about everything - like the
time I flew on a jet to Japan, or did the high jump in the Olympics. I have seen a
giraffe in the African jungle. I have been to Egypt and eaten fudge on a magic
carpet.
During all of this I wore my favorite jeans. My friends tell me to throw them in the
garbage because of the germs they probably have on them. I am going to wash
them while I drink some juice. It will get the germs out. My jeans will also be
another page I can write about in my journal.

1. Our Joe wants to know if your Joe will lend our Joe your
Joe's banjo. If your Joe won't lend our Joe your Joe's banjo
our Joe won't
lend your Joe our Joe's banjo when our Joe has a banjo!
2. A gentle judge judges justly.
3. James jostled Jean while Jean jostled Joan.

George Churchill
Jerry: Just outside this village there’s a very dangerous bridge.
John: Yes. Charlie told me tow jeeps crashed there in January. Did you hear
how it happened?
Jerry: Well, George Churchill was driving the larger jeep. He was driving very
dangerously.
John: George Churchill. Do I know George Churchill?

Jerry: Yes, I think you do. He’s the manager of the travel agency in Bridgeport.
John: Oh, yes. I remember George. He’s always telling jokes. Well, was
anybody injured?
Jerry: Oh, yes. The other jeep went over the edge of the bridge, and two children
and another passenger were badly injured.
John: Were both jeeps damaged?
Jerry: Oh, yes.
John: And what happened to George?
Jerry: George? He’s telling jokes in jail now, I suppose!
[z] Zoo

● Touch your side teeth with the sides of your tongue. Put your tongue
forward. Force air out over the top of your tongue, making a hissing sound.
Vibrate your vocal cords.
Beginning
zoo zinc zeppelin
zebra Zoe Zach
zero zinnia zapped
zoom Zelda zillion
zebra fish zookeeper zone
zucchini zigzag zombie
zap zipper zany
zippy zip code
zing Zorro
Middle
present wizard scissors
music lizard razor
puzzle noisy laser
poison fuzzy closet
blizzard Thursday daisy
cheesecake lazy dozen
cousin magazine dessert
desert raisin freezer

busy
Ending
cheese dogs legs
please cookies bugs
freeze fingers prize
boys flowers bananas
knees sunrise tease
nose bees bears
hose sneeze exercise
rose pigs
babies keys
Flowers Galore
Zach went over to Zoe's house on Thursday. She was outside with the hose. Her
house had tons of flowers around it. There must have been a zillion. It was so
beautiful that Zach thought she deserved a prize for the most beautiful flower
garden ever!
Zoe took Zach around each of the flower beds and told him what the flowers were
called. He didn't sneeze once. His favorites were the zinnias. They felt so soft on
his fingers when he touched them and, besides that, zinnias were the coolest
name. Any words that started with a Z like "Zach" were the coolest.
Zoe asked him if we wanted to help water the flowers. He took the hose and began
watering. When he got over to the zinnias they were surrounded by bees. Zach had
zero love for bees, so he dropped the hose and ran as fast as he could. He zigged
and zagged, but there was still one bee zooming after him. Zach yelled, "Please,

please, please don't sting me!" Just in time, Zoe zoomed in with her fly swatter and
zapped that bee to the ground.
Zoe shrugged her shoulders and said, "You want to go in and have some cookies?"
Zach nodded and said, "Yes please!"
1. Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear, Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair,

Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn't fuzzy, was he?
2. This is a zither. Is this a zither?
3. Zizzi's zippy zipper zips.
4. Zithers slither slowly south.
Page Pays Charge Chars Siege Seize
Siege Sees Forge Fours Strange Strains
Stage Stays Fridge Frizz Budge Buzz
Wage Ways Jew Zoo Fudge Fuzz
Wodge Was Marge Mars Gauge Gaze
Barge Bars Rage Raise Gorge Gauze
Change Chains Rage Rays Grange Grains

Surprises in the Post Office
Ms. Valdez: This package smells funny, Liz.
Ms. Jones: Something’s written on it.
Ms. Valdez: What does it say?
Ms. Jones: It says: This package contains six mice.
Ms. Valdez: Ugh!
Ms. Jones: Listen! What’s in the sack?
Ms. Valdez: It’s making a strange hissing sound.
Sack: (hisses) Sssssssssss!
Ms. Jones: Susan! It’s a sack of snakes!
Ms. Valdez: Oh, it is! I wonder what’s in this box, Liz.
Ms. Jones: It’s making a buzzing noise.
Box: (buzzes) Zzzzzzzzzzz!
Ms. Valdez: These are bees!
Ms. Jones: A package of mice! And a sack of snakes! And a box of bees! This
is very surprising.
Ms. Valdez: It’s amazing. This isn’t a post office, Liz. It’s a zoo!

[θ] Thin

● Place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don’t
put it between your lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening
between your teeth and tongue. Don’t vibrate your vocal cords.
Beginning
thorn thermos third
thin thaw thank you
think thing thirty
thunder thread thirteen
thousand thoughtful therapy
thirsty three Thursday
thief thick thimble
thermometer thumb
theater thigh
Middle

bathtub healthy panther
toothache truthful toothpaste
toothbrush wealthy birthday
python athlete something
marathon bathrobe pathway
Ending
cloth booth youth
moth broth north
math ninth strength
tooth tenth south
fifth breath oath
beneath bath both
path earth eighth
month mouth
wreath teeth
Thatch's Goals
The boy playing third base is good. His name is Thatcher, but his friends call him
Thatch. His baseball team is called "Blue Thunder". He is from South Dakota and
he's very athletic.
Thatch plays third base on the baseball team. He also plays basketball, tennis, and
youth soccer - not bad for a thirteen-year-old. He has been playing sports since he
was three. Thatch wants to play one or all of the sports professionally someday.
Last month I asked him if he had thought about which sport he wanted to play.

"I'll play anything if I can get paid to do it," he said.
I told him I thought he would be a pro baseball player and he gave me thumbs up.
He is on the right path if playing pro sports is his dream. He was voted third for the
best player in the state and tenth for best player in the region three weeks ago. His
parents think he will play tennis, but said they don't have the authority to make that
decision.
The earth has a lot of great sports players and I think Thatch can play with the best
of them. I hope nothing gets in his way. It will be fun to say I knew him when he was
only thirteen.
1. Thor is the God of thunder.

2. Thelma and Theo have bad breath.
3. Three free thrilling frills fought on Ruth’s roof.
4. Thieves are thankless thugs who deserve our wrath.
5. Nothing is worth thousands of deaths.
6. Mr. Smith’s teeth are thin and lethal.
7. Thursdays are thirsty days for lethargic Ruth and Thelma.
8. It seems themes are sought by thousands of mythical misses.
9. Thick ticks on three trees brought broth to ten thin men.
10. Sick thickets thwarted seven thin sinners from passing through.
Oath Oat Thorn Torn
With Wit Three Tree
Faith Fate Thin Tin
Tenth Tent Through True
Thigh Tie Thick Tick
Thank Tank Beth Bet

Path Pat
Gossips
Judith: Edith Roth is thirty.
Arthur: Is she? I thought she was thirty-three.
Judith: Her birthday was last Thursday.
Arthur: Was it? I thought it was last month.
Judith: Theodore Roth is the author of a book about moths.
Arthur: Is he? I thought he was a mathematician.
Judith: I’m so thirsty.
Arthur: Are you? I thought you had something to drink at Roth’s.
Judith. No. Edith didn’t give me anything to drink.
Arthur: I’ll buy you a drink.
Judith: Oh! Thank you.

[ð] Then

● Place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don’t
put it between your lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening
between your teeth and tongue. Vibrate your vocal cords.
Beginning
that these those
than they’d though
the they’ll themselves
they they’re therefore
their they’ve thee
them this thy

thou therein
Middle
feather brother rather
weather weatherman soothing
together either smoothest
bathing gather leather
father other tether
mother worthy
clothing another
Ending
breathe teethe
lathe bathe
seethe hath
scathe loathe
Exercise Two: Reading Passage
Teething Baby
Look at that! I said to my mother. I pointed at my baby brother's mouth. It was red
and I could see something tiny and white poking up.
"That is a tooth," my mother replied. "He is teething. Those are called his gums
and that little white part is the top of his tooth. Poor guy. Babies don't feel good
when they teethe. “My brother started crying. His nose was runny and it made it
hard for him to breathe. His eyes were watery and not shiny blue like usual. I felt

bad for him. I could tell that he did not feel well and those teeth coming up were
worse than having a cold.
My mother and I worked together to help him feel better. We bathed him and
clothed him. Then we wrapped him in his favorite blanket which he loved more than
anything else. It seemed to soothe him for a little while, but then he started crying
again. Poor guy. "This is going to be a very long day!" sighed mother. "It will be so
good when your father gets home!"

1. Those of the southern and northern areas are still writhing and seething.
2. Breathe the breeze; loathe the lows, and sooth the Sues.
3. Rather than loathing their mothers, soothe their fathers.
4. Bathing in the bays is soothing to those teething brothers.
5. Dan would rather scythe in wetter weather.
6. Their dare was to Dan rather than those dozing northerners.
7. Ether either makes Thor writhe or seethe.
8. Though dough is worthy, it is worthier with their father’s tithe.
9. That thatch there on their thighs, although sheathed, is weathered.
10. Breeding breathing southern otters in the north is worth thousands to them.
They Day Father Fodder
Their Dare These D's
Those Doze
Thee D
Than Dan
Thy Die
Worthy Wordy
Though Dough
Breathe Breed

Then Den

The Hat in the Window
Heather: I’d like to buy the hat in the window.
Salesclerk: There are three hats together in the window, Madam. Do you want
the one with the feathers?
Heather: No. The other one.
Salesclerk: The small one for thirteen dollars?
Heather: No. Not that one either. That one over there. The leather one.
Salesclerk: Ah! The leather one. Now here’s another leather hat. This one is
better than the other one in the window. The color goes better with my clothes.
Salesclerk: Certainly. Madam, if that’s the one you want. But we don’t take
anything out of the window until three o’clock on Thursday.
[r] Red

● Turn the tip of your tongue. Do not touch the roof of your mouth with the tip
of your tongue. The sides of your tongue should touch your back teeth.

Beginning
run rabbit rain
rice ribbon rug
rat radio ran
rag rocket write
rake ranch rip
red rich recess
wrist race rock
raisin ring read
wrap
Middle
carrot shirt nurse
bird lizard worm
earring fairy walrus
horse pirate park
iron scissors syrup
arm turtle zero
giraffe camera corn
fork party barn
Ending
four bear deer

ear dollar tire
tear mother hair
pear hammer beaver
jar ladder letter
alligator car kangaroo
doctor chair dinosaur
feather door flower
father
BR - Blends
bread brother bridge
broom brick breakfast
CR - Blends
crayon crab crib
crawl cry crane
DR - Blends
drive drink dream
draw drum dragon
FR - Blends
freckles frozen fruit
friend frog Friday
frame
GR - Blends

grandpa grass grapes
greet groceries grill
PR - Blends
prince price pretzel
practice presents prince
prunes prize prairie dog
TR Blends
tree truck train
triangle treasure traffic
trash tractor
Garage Scientist
Whenever I have free time, I race to my garage. I have all kinds of crazy
experiments going on in there. I don't mean testing rats or anything. I mean really
cool experiments.
For example, right now I am experimenting to see if carrots can recharge

batteries. I have had other experiments that have gone longer. My experiment to
see if raisins will make the speakers in my radio louder has been going on for
over a year now.
There are so many more ideas that I want to experiment with - making a fireproof
door, testing to see what rainbows are made of, trying to see if I can teach rats to
read.
If my brain was made of trees, it would be a forest of ideas. Science is radical!

Pirate Fanatic
My sister has a friend who thinks he is a pirate. He wears a red bandana on his
head, has a pet parrot that he keeps on his shoulder, and walks around saying,
"Arrr matey."
As if this wasn't strange enough, he also has a really big collection of earrings. Not
normal earrings either, weird ones.
He has earrings that look like rocks, wrenches, raccoons, cameras, walrus, and
even a pair that look like rakes. I understand that some pirates wear earrings, but
I thought they would be scarier like hooks, or circles, or daggers.
I feel like I should tell my sister's friend to research the type of earrings that
pirate's wear. Without the right gear, a person who is trying to look like a pirate
will just look strange. If he ever met a real pirate, the pirate would probably make
fun of him for how he looked.
Exercise Three: Tongue Twisters
1. Jerry's jelly berries taste really rare.

2. Rory's lawn rake rarely rakes really right.
3. A really leery Larry rolls readily to the road.
4. The road's load is lessened lightly.
5. Lassie Lilly likes Ronny's rulers.
6. Lad Larry rarely loves lyres.
7. Lessening levels of lead really lures lily pads.
8. Revelers revel in leveling levels.
9. Barry's Belly riles with bile.
10. Billy and Lilly pile pyres for file fires

A Proud Parent
Maria: Are the children all grown up now?
Rose: Oh, yes. Laura’s the oldest. She’s a computer programmer.
Maria: Oh, very interesting. What about Rita? She was such a bright child
– always reading.
Rose: She’s a librarian at the public library.
Maria: Really? And Chris? She was a very pretty girl.
Rose: Chris is working as a waitress at a restaurant in Paris. She’s

married to a French photographer.
Maria: Oh, how interesting. What about Rocky?
Rose: Rocky is a pilot.
Maria: Really? Where does he fly to? Does he fly to other countries?
Rose: Yes, mostly to England and France.

[l] Long
● Place the tip of your tongue just behind your top teeth. Your breath should
pass along both sides of the tongue and through the open lips.
Beginning
leaf land leg
lamp ladybug lips
laugh listen log
leak lock lunch
list look lazy
long love lion
letter lemon lake
light lamb lucky
late
Middle
belly sailing balloon

alarm family olive
police wallpaper jelly
salad sea lion shoelace
pillow silly elbow
wallet pilot elephant
eleven dollar violin
calendar island toilet
envelope
Ending
ball tail whale
mail call owl
nail yell hill
seal tall pencil
pool heel towel
muscle tool wheel
fall bowl hole
shell bell wall
spell
BL - Blends
blanket blew blink
blackberry blocks black
blank blue

CL - Blends
clap cloud claw
clock clam clothes
close club
GL - Blends
glass globe glow
glad glitter glove
gloss glue
FL - Blends
floor floss Florida
flower fly float
flat flute
PL - Blends
plane please plant
planet place plus
play plow
SL - Blends
slide slip sled
slap slam slow
sleep sleeve slug

Jungle Safety
April the elephant lived in Brazil. Her friends Lucy the Lizard and Lexie the Owl
liked to be lazy. They would play on the log in the lake, take extra-long lunches,
and dig holes.
Then they met Albert the Whale, near a pool of water, by the ocean. Albert told
them that it is okay to laugh, be silly, and lazy sometimes, but it was dangerous to
do in the jungle.
Albert told them eleven ways that would help them be safer. April, Lucy, and
Lexie listened and learned how to be more safe.
After Albert finished talking, the three friends yelled, "Thank you," to him as he
swam away.
Laundry Day
Lynn loved to do laundry. In fact, she would call her family to tell them every time
she did laundry! She would watch baseball on the couch with her pillow and a
bowl of green salad whenever she did laundry.
She looked at her calendar and it said laundry was this Saturday. She called her
family to tell them. Her mom told her she didn't want to listen to her talk about
laundry.
"We can talk about lotion, lightning, or polar bears, I don't care! Just not laundry,"
she said.
"But I have some new shoelaces and a towel that I am washing with my laundry
today," Lynn said.
"Please, no more laundry talk. I am going on a long walk to think about ladders
and marshmallows. That should keep my mind off of laundry."
1. Laura and Larry rarely lull their rural roosters to sleep.

2. Sri Lankans are really leery of Landry’s rules.
3. Climbing crimes are lures for crowded clowns.

4. There are free fleas for all the loyal royalty.
5. It’s the right light with the glimmer in the mirror.
6. Collecting the corrections is the role of the elderly.
7. Are Roland and Sally rallying here in their lorry?
8. Jerry’s berry jelly really rankled his broiling belly.
9. Yellow arrows frilled with reefed leaves are rarely light.
10. A leaky rear latch on the listing bark lifted right up and the water rushed in.
Long Wrong Tail Tear Spool Spoor
Light Right Fall Four Free Flee
Pilot Pirate File Fire Berry Belly
Fly Fry Towel Tower Jelly Jerry
Glass Grass Limb Rim Raw Law
Heal Hear Lot Rot Bowling Boring
Climb Crime

Early for Lunch
Mr. Clark: Hello, Lily.

Waitress: Hello, Mr. Clark. You’re early for lunch. It’s only eleven o’clock.
Mr. Clark: When I come later, there’s usually nothing left.
Waitress: What would you like today?
Mr. Clark: I’’ have the leg of lamb.
Waitress: And would you like salad? The salad plate today is lettuce,
tomatoes, and olives.
Mr. Clark: Marvelous! I love olives.
Waitress: And what would you like to drink?
Mr. Clark: A glass of lemonade and a slice of melon for dessert.
Waitress: Would you like the lemonade now?
Mr. Clark: Later, thanks, Lily – with the lamb.

[w] Win

● To make the /w/, push the lips forward and say /u/, then let the tongue and
lower lip drop. Make your lips round and hard for /w/. This is a short sound.
West Wail Watch
Wood Wine Warm
Once Wiper Wore
Wagon Would Wonderful
Worry Wet Wool
Narrow Window What
Few Windy Anyway
Were Was Sweaters
Twelve Wednesday Twenty
Twine Walk
Water World
William waited for his dad to wash the car. It was the last thing on their to-do list
before they went to Water World. Water World was the biggest water park in
Wyoming and they were going to go there for two days. William woke up extra
early to help wash the car in hopes that he and his family would be able to leave

that afternoon. He was wide awake at four in the morning; his dad, however, was
not.
William ran into his parents' bedroom and said, "Get up! Get up! Let's go wash the
car!"
"William it is 4 o'clock in the morning. We are not washing the car this early. You
need to wait or else we will not go to Water World."
"But dad," said William.
"No buts. Why don't you go start making us some waffles and I'll be out in a
minute," his dad said.
William walked out into the kitchen, still wearing his wolf pajamas. He grabbed the
waffle mix, waffle maker, and some walnuts and prepared to make the waffles. He
looked out the window at their family's dirty car parked in the driveway and wanted
to go wash it himself.
He and his dad planned to wash the car over the weekend, but the water company
had turned their water off to fix something.
He continued working on the waffles and wondered when his dad would get up
and be ready to wash the car. Just then his dad raced out of the hall, unplugged the
waffle maker, picked him up, and ran outside.
"Let's get this baby washed," his dad said pointing to the car. The two of them
started working and talking about all of the fun things they would do when they
visited Water World.
1. Wendell Vaccario wasted vine after vine.

2. Woolen vest for wailing wolves are worn in the vast woodlands.
3. Varied berries are wetted while Val and Walt whisper in vain.
4. Woodson’s waistcoat is weirdly vented.
5. Wise women don’t walk in the woods while wolves wander.

A Walk in the woods
Vera: Did you see Victor on Wednesday, Wendy?
Wendy: Yes. We went for a walk in the woods near the highway.
Vera: Wasn’t it cold on Wednesday?
Wendy: Yes. It was very cold and windy. We wore heavy wool sweaters and
walked quickly to keep warm.
Vera: It’s so nice and quiet in the woods.
Wendy: Yes. Farther away from the highway it was very quiet and there
were birds and squirrels everywhere.
Vera: It sounds wonderful. Did you take lunch with you?
Wendy: Yes. We brought veal sandwiches. We stopped around twelve, and

we ate and watched the squirrels, but it was too windy to sit long. It was very nice walk,
anyway.

Vowel Sounds
[iy] Tea
● Open your mouth very little for this sound. This is a long sound. Move your
tongue up a little as you say it.
Tea Bean
Three Heel
Cheese Leave
Peas Sheep

Cheeks Even
Seat Recent
Easy These
See Complete
Me Scene
Please Extreme
Eat Street
Meat Feel
Beef Meal
Coffee Cheap
Equal Piece
Believe
Exercise Two: Dialogue
In a Restaurant
Peter: What do you have to eat, Lee?
Lee: I’ll have a roast beef sandwich and some tea.
Peter: Steve? Would you like a cheese sandwich or a roast beef

sandwich?
Steve: A cheese sandwich. I don’t eat meat.

Waitress: Yes?
Peter: We’d like one roast beef sandwich and two cheese sandwiches.
Waitress: And would you like coffee or tea?
Peter: Three teas, please.
Steve: Make that two teas. Coffee for me, please.
Waitress: (writing down the order) One roast beef sandwich… two cheese
sandwiches… two teas… one coffee.
1. Tim’s team was licked by the leaking roof.

2. Pip and Pete shipped the sheep ships cheaply.
3. Does Jim still steal Jill’s jeans?
4. Those bins are for Bill Beal’s beans.
5. Will Wheeler’s team get many hits in this heat?
[I] Sit

● First practice [iy] then open your mouth a little more. This is a shorter and
more relaxed sound.
Ship Beginning
Hill Quick
Sit Win
Chicks Picture
Fill Sick
Is Miss
Kid Little
Bill Big
With Swim
Film City
Interesting Finish
Minutes System
Sixty Mystery
Fifty Gym

An Interesting Film
Mrs. Kim: Hello, Bill. Hello, Lynn.
Bill: Hi, Mrs. Kim. Is Jim in?
Lynn: Is he coming with us to the film?
Mrs. Kim: Oh, Jim’s sick.
Bill: Here he is! Hi, Jim.
Lynn: Are you sick, Jim?
Jim: Is it an interesting film?
Lynn: It’s Billy the Kid.
Bill: And it begins in six minutes.
Mrs. Kim: Jim, if you’re sick…
Jim: Quick! Or we’ll miss the beginning of the film!
1. The girls snickered at Jill and Jean’s sneakers.

2. Leaving the living sinners at the scene, Will Wheeler grieved.
3. Pick cherries at their peak or Pete will see the pits.
4. Beach bins are filled with field filler.
5. He’s giving his healing pills to all the sinners on the scene.

[æ] Apple
● Put your tongue low and pushed forward a little. Spread your lips slightly,
and keep your jaw open.
Bank Sad
Catch Fat
Man Taxi
Glasses Manager
Past Family
Cash Camera
Happened Mechanic
Handful Natural
Grabbed Travel
Saturday Have
Manager Adam
Exactly Bat
Afternoon Sat
Pants Than
Bag Ham
Jacket Clam
Example Mat

And Mass
Math

The Bank Robber
(Alice is a teller in a bank.)
Detective: Excuse me, ma’am, have you ever seen the man in this photograph?
Alice: Yes! That’s him! That’s the man who robbed the bank! But he had a
moustache.
Detective: A moustache! This man? Last Saturday?
Alice: Yes. He was wearing plaid pants and a black jacket. And he had on
very dark glasses.
Detective: Can you tell me exactly what happened?
Alice: Well, I was working at the bank Saturday afternoon. Suddenly, this
man ran past me, grabbed a handful of cash, and stuffed it in a plastic
bag.
Detective: And what happened after that?
Alice: He ran back out again. It all happened so fast. The manager ran after
him, but he couldn’t catch him. The man was running too fast.
Detective: And you’re absolutely sure the man in the photograph is the same man?
Alice: Yes. Absolutely. That’s him.
Detective: Thank you for your help.
Alice: I hope you catch him!

1. Lassie headed back to Peg and Allen for ten apples.

2. Hedley sadly said sending Sally a man was extra bad.
3. Rather than settling Al and Ellie’s debts, Fran just laughed and left.
4. Ted tampered a tad in Brad’s bread and jam.
5. Dan’s den is a sad shed back of Beck’s badly built bed and break.

[ɛ] Set
● Close your jaw while saying the [æ]. You will hear the change to [ɛ].
Bell Best
Pen Spend
Checks Self
Rest Better
Fell Tennis
Left Correct
Spend Get
Friend Seven
Shelf Necessary
Help Said
Ten Again
Any Says
Everybody Bread
Everything Head
Expensive Dead
Yes Health
Went Measure

Pleasant
An Expensive Vacation
Ed: Hi, Ellen! Hi, Fred! Hi, Jenny!
Fred: Hi, Ed. Cigarette?
Ed: No, thanks, Fred.
Ellen: Help yourself to a drink.
Jenny: Look on the shelf to your left.
Fred: How did you spend your vacation, Ed?
Ed: I went to Venice with a friend.
Everybody: Well!
Ellen: We’re all jealous.
Fred: Was it expensive?
Ed: Yes, Very. I spent everything I had.
Jenny: Don’t you have any money left?
Ed: Yes, Jenny. Ten cents!
1. Matt never had less capital than several checks ago.

2. Dennis and Kent can’t dance because they’re dense dancers.

3. Clem’s clams went up Betty’s back and tampered with her temper.
4. Ed’s ad said track treks led lads into mass messes.
5. Stan stemmed his temper tantrum and lent Landry a bank check.
[ʌ] Cup
● Put your tongue up and back a little. Close your mouth a little. Your tongue
should rest in the middle of your mouth. This is a short and relaxed
sound.
Cup Honey
Bug Fun
Suck Shut
Bun Love
Rug Just
Unhappy Month
Much Wonderful
Lunch Bus

Trunk Cut
Truck Sun
Butter Study
Rubber Nothing
Gum Son
Drums Once
Under Other
Husband Money
Funny Done
Button None
Love
Russ: Honey, why are you so unhappy?
Janet: (Janet says nothing.)
Russ: Honey, why are you so sad? I don’t understand.
Janet: You don’t love me, Russ!
Russ: But honey, I love you very much.
Janet: No, you don’t. You’re in love with my cousin, Sunny. You think she’s smart
and fun to be with and you think I’m dumb and uninteresting.
Russ: Janet, just once last month I went out to lunch with Sunny. There’s nothing for
you to be jealous about. I like your company much better than Sunny’s.

Janet: Oh, shut up, Russ.
Russ: But honey, I think you’re wonderful. There’s nothing…
Janet: Oh, SHUT UP!

[a] Father
● Put your tongue down and back.
Exercise One: Word Repetition:
Hot Box
Cop Stop
Sock Doctor
Job College
Not Problem
Lots Possible
Shop Copy
Modern Body
Popular Operate
Bottle Large
Hard Garden
Star Palm
Marvelous Calm
Horrible Knowledge
Wash Heart
Want Sergeant

TV Commercial for “Starwash”
Voice A: What’s the matter, Mr. Block?
Mr. Block: What’s the matter? I want a break from this horrible job of washing
socks!
Voice B: Buy a bottle of Starwash, Mr. Block.
Voice C: Starwash does the job.
Voice D: But it’s not a hard job with Starwash.
Voice A: You don’t need lots of hot water with Starwash.
Voice B: Start washing the modern way – with Starwash.
Voice C: Starwash is marvelous for all your washable clothes.
Everybody: Starwash is so popular!
Voice C: Next time you shop, pick up a bottle of Starwash.

Intonation
Intonation describes how the voice rises and falls in speech. The three main
patterns of intonation in English are: falling intonation, rising intonation and
fall-rise intonation.
1. Falling intonation describes how the voice falls on the final stressed
syllable of a phrase or a group of words. A falling intonation is very common
in wh-questions.
2. Rising intonation describes how the voice rises at the end of a sentence.
Rising intonation is common in yes-no questions.
3. Fall-rise intonation describes how the voice falls and then rises. We use
fall-rise intonation at the end of statements when we want to say that we are
not sure, or when we may have more to add.
Exercise: DRAMATIC DIALOGUES
1. WHAT’S YOUR NAME

A What’s your name?
B Jon Wood.
A Where are you from?
B New Zealand.
A What do you do?

B I’m a medical student.
Possible contexts: You are in a disco, one is trying to pick the other one up;
You are at airport customs and have something illegal in your bag; You are a
prisoner of war.
2. YOU’RE FIRED
A (knocks on the door)
B Come in.
A Hello. You wanted to see me?
B Yes. Do you know why I’ve called you?
A No.
B Can you explain this? (shows a piece of paper)
A But I thought you said it wasn’t important.
B You’re fired.
A Fine, I hated this stupid job anyway.
Possible emotions and/or contexts: You're nervous, happy, sad, afraid of the
other; you are a bit deaf. Further speculation could be done on what the job
was, what the person had done wrong etc.
3. I’M GOING TO HAVE A BABY

A I have something I need to tell you.
B What is it?
A I’m going to have a baby.
B No.
Possible contexts: You are a couple who has been trying to have a baby for
three years; you are a 16 year old girl confessing to your mother; you are a
very old couple; you are the secretary confronting your boss; you are a man
telling your doctor
4. SAY SOMETHING
A Well, are you going to say something?

B What do you want me to say?
A I don’t know, anything.
B I have nothing to say. A Nothing?
B That’s right.
Possible contexts/emotions: You are in love, afraid, angry; you are two
criminals trapped in prison; you are in a courtroom; you are talking to your
boss on the phone.
5. SHE’S HERE.
A She’s here.
B Already?
A Yes. What do you want me to do?
B Tell her to come in
Possible contexts: You are afraid/excited/furious; you are at work and “she” is
the president of the company; you are the President of the United States
waiting to meet the Queen of England. Further speculation could be done on
who “she” is.
Stress
The pronouncing of a word or syllable with greater force than other words in the
same sentence or other syllables in the same word.
Exercise:
This simple sentence can have many levels of meaning based on the word
you stress. Consider the meaning of the following sentences with the stressed word
in bold. Read each sentence aloud and give a strong stress to the word in bold:
I don't think he should get the job.

Meaning: Somebody else thinks he should get the job.
I don't think he should get the job.

Meaning: It's not true that I think he should get the job.

I don't think he should get that job.
Meaning: That's not really what I mean. OR I'm not sure he'll get that job.

Meaning: Somebody else should get that job.

Meaning: In my opinion it's wrong that he's going to get that job.

Meaning: He should have to earn (be worthy of, work hard for) that job.

Meaning: He should get another job.

Meaning: Maybe he should get something else instead.
Exercise:
Say the sentence aloud using the stress word marked in bold. Once you have
spoken the sentence a few times, match the sentence version to the meaning
below.
I said she might consider a new haircut.

1. I said she might consider a new haircut.
● Not just a haircut.

● It's a possibility.
● It was my idea.
● Not something else.
● Don't you understand me?
● Not another person.
● She should think about it. It’s a good idea.
References:

Book: Pronunciation Pairs by Ann Baker and Sharon Goldstein
http://www.eslcafe.com
http://esl.about.com
http://dictionary.cambridge.org
http://www.onestopenglish.com
http://www.eslideas.com
http://ritongarasti.blogspot.com
http://www.madbeppo.com
http://englishincastrobaxoi.blogspot.com
http://esl.about.com
http://www2.leeward.hawaii.edu
http://www.home-speech-home.com
https://www.englishclub.com
http://www.eslcommando.com
http://www.schooljokes.com
http://evaeaston.com
http://tx.english-ch.com
http://www.fluentu.com
http://www.heathermeloche.com
http://languageavenue.com


Pronunciation Manual by Teacher Justin

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Organs of Speech

Compiled By: T. Justin Mangaoang

Compiled By: T. Justin Mangaoang

Mode of Production / Place of Keywords

Compiled By: T. Justin Mangaoang

The manner of articulation of stop or plosive sounds is produced by

The manner of articulation of stop or plosive sounds is produced by almost

The manner of articulation of affricate sounds is produced by a brief

The manner of articulation of nasal sounds is produced by lowering the

1. Bilabials - Bilabials are produced through upper and lower lips.

Compiled By: T. Justin Mangaoang

Voiced and Voiceless Sounds

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Some Consonants Voiced, but are Voiceless

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We played tennis yesterday afternoon.

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1. Different letters may represent a single sound.

2. A single letter may represent different sounds.

3. Some letters are silent.

4. Single letters sometimes correspond to two speech sounds.

5. Some sounds are pronounced but not spelled

Compiled By: T. Justin Mangaoang

6. Some sounds do not appear to be related at all to spelling

A phonetic alphabetic allows use to describe sounds

● the way people say them

● without worrying about "proper" spelling

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How to make the sound

Exercise One: Word Repetition

pencil pizza pie

party pirate parade

pig pet park

pickle paint pass

pony peach past

penny picnic paid

penguin piano pear

parrot pants paw

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diaper super depend

hippo octopus dustpan

apple soapy happy

teepee dripping paper

wallpaper teapot open

grasshopper typewriter napkin

zipper zookeeper napping

mopping copy toothpaste

mop envelope pipe

soup hoop wrap

ship stop trap

sheep shop cap

tape ketchup top

asleep cup sweep

rope tape soap

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Compiled By: T. Justin Mangaoang

1. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

2. Pop bottles pop-bottles in pop shops;

Exercise Four: Dialogue

Official: Passports, please.

Mr. Chapman: I think I’ve lost our passports, Pam

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Mr. Chapman: (emptying the plastic bag) Here’s a newspaper… an apple… a